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BS EN 1473:2021 – TC

BS EN 1473:2021 – TC

$280.87

Tracked Changes. Installation and equipment for liquefied natural gas. Design of onshore installations

Published By Publication Date Number of Pages
BSI 2021 364
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This document gives guidelines for the design, construction and operation of all onshore liquefied natural gas (LNG) installations for the liquefaction, storage, vaporization, transfer and handling of LNG and natural gas (NG).

This document is applicable for plants with an LNG storage capacity above 200 t.

The designated boundary limits are LNG inlet/outlet by the ship’s manifold including vapour return connection, the truck loading/unloading connection including vapour return, the rail car loading/unloading connection including vapour return and the natural gas in and outlet boundary by piping systems.

Terminals or plant types have one or more boundary limits as described in this scope (see Figure 1).

A short description of each of these installations is given in Annex G.

Feed gas for LNG liquefaction installations (plant) can be from gas field, associated gas from oil field, piped gas from transportation grid or from renewables.

Floating solutions (for example FPSO, FSRU, SRV), whether off-shore or near-shore, are not covered by this document even if some concepts, principles or recommendations could be applied. However, in case of berthed FSRU with LNG transfer across the jetty, the following recommendations apply for the jetty and topside facilities.

In case of solutions using floating storage unit (FSU) and land-based re-gasification solution, the on-shore part is covered by these standard recommendations.

Plants with a storage inventory from 5 t up to 200 t are covered by [5].

PDF Catalog

PDF Pages PDF Title
1 30446308
223 A-30369305
224 undefined
230 1 Scope
231 2 Normative references
235 3 Terms, definitions and abbreviated terms
3.1 Terms and definitions
241 3.2 Abbreviations
242 4 Quality management system
5 Site assessment
5.1 General and plant description
5.2 Geotechnical
5.2.1 Characteristics of the soil
244 5.2.2 Marine geotechnical characteristics for jetty design and marine access
5.2.3 Harbour dredging
5.3 Meteorological and Oceanographic
5.3.1 General
5.3.2 Met-ocean data effects
5.3.3 Air temperatures and humidity effects
5.3.4 Lightning effects
5.3.5 Wind and barometric data effects
245 5.3.6 Precipitation data effects
5.3.7 Climate change
5.4 Environmental
5.4.1 Environmental impact assessment
246 5.4.2 Plant emissions/emission control
5.4.3 Flare/venting philosophy
5.4.4 Noise control
5.4.5 Biological environment
247 5.5 Surroundings
5.5.1 External traffic routes
5.5.2 Surrounding infrastructures
5.5.3 Nautical and environmental
5.5.4 Underground utilities
5.6 Seismic
5.6.1 General
248 5.6.2 Tsunamis
5.7 Hydrology
5.7.1 Drainage effects
5.7.2 Aquifers, erosion and ground water impact study
5.8 Social
5.8.1 Community health, safety and security
5.8.2 Population settlements
249 5.8.3 Other subjects
6 Risk management
6.1 General
250 6.2 Hazard and risk assessment methodologies
6.2.1 General
252 6.2.2 Risk matrix
6.2.3 Hazard Identification Study (HAZID)
6.2.4 Failure Mode Effect Analysis (FMEA)
6.2.5 Hazard and Operability Study (HAZOP)
253 6.2.6 Event Tree Method (ETM)
6.2.7 Fault Tree Method (FTM)
6.2.8 Bow-tie analysis (BTA)
254 6.2.9 Layer of Protection Analysis (LOPA)
6.2.10 Safety Integrity Level (SIL) analysis
6.2.11 Quantified Risk Assessment(QRA)
6.2.12 Fire and Explosion Risk Analysis (FERA)
255 6.3 Scenario identification
6.3.1 Identification of risk sources and causes of external origin
6.3.2 Identification of scenarios arising from LNG
256 6.3.3 Identification of other hazards and scenario causes of internal origin
6.4 Consequence and impact assessment
6.4.1 General
257 6.4.2 Gas cloud dispersion
6.4.2.1 General
6.4.2.2 LNG release
6.4.2.3 Flashed gas and aerosols from LNG jet release
6.4.2.4 Dispersion of LNG vapours and natural gas from jet release
258 6.4.2.5 Rainout and pool formation
6.4.2.6 Pool evaporation
259 6.4.3 Fire
6.4.4 Explosion
6.4.5 Pooling
260 6.4.6 Safety distances
6.5 Estimation of frequencies and probabilities
6.6 Safety improvement
261 6.7 Reviews
6.8 Safety during operation
6.8.1 Operational procedures
6.8.2 Maintenance procedures
6.8.3 Training
262 6.8.4 Emergency response
7 Design
7.1 General
263 7.2 Civil structures
7.2.1 General
7.2.2 Area drainage and spill control
7.2.2.1 Prevention of LNG Leak and detection
7.2.2.2 Impounding basin purpose and location
7.2.2.3 Capacity of the impounding basin
264 7.2.2.4 Design of the impounding basin
7.2.2.5 LNG draining and water removal
265 7.2.3 Crash barriers
7.2.4 Fire protection
7.2.4.1 General
7.2.4.2 Fire protection systems
266 7.2.4.3 Active protection definition
7.2.4.4 Fire water system
267 7.2.4.5 Spraying system
7.2.4.6 Water curtains
268 7.2.4.7 Foam generation
7.2.4.8 Portable foam equipment
269 7.2.4.9 LNG fire extinguishing with dry powder
7.2.4.10 Extinguishing of ignited gas releases
270 7.2.4.11 Portable/mobile fire extinguishers
7.2.4.12 Firefighting vehicle
7.2.4.13 Fire cabinets/hoses boxes
7.2.5 Insulation
272 7.2.6 Lay-out requirements
274 7.2.7 Seismic
7.2.8 Geotechnical
7.2.9 Foundation design
276 7.2.10 Pipe ducts or confinement
7.2.11 Pipe racks
7.2.12 Fence and plant access
277 7.3 Electrical
7.3.1 ATEX classification
7.3.2 IP classification
7.3.3 Lightning
7.3.4 Illumination
278 7.3.5 Hazardous area classification
7.3.6 Grounding/earthing
7.3.7 High voltage systems/main power supply
279 7.3.8 Low voltage systems
7.3.9 Emergency power supply (EPS)
7.3.10 Uninterruptible power supply (UPS)
280 7.4 Mechanical and piping design/material selection
7.4.1 Materials
281 7.4.2 Corrosion
7.4.3 Painting and coating
7.4.4 Cathodic protection
7.4.5 Galvanized structures
7.4.6 Piping systems and valves
283 7.4.7 Isolation valves/ESD valves
284 7.4.8 Pipe stress
285 7.4.9 Drain and vent design
7.4.10 Surge
7.4.11 Safe isolation
286 7.4.12 Pressure relief devices
287 7.4.13 Embrittlement
7.4.14 Welding and joint connections
288 7.4.15 Testing and inspection
289 7.4.16 Commissioning and start-up
290 7.4.17 Decommissioning
7.5 Process automation and controls
7.5.1 Process control system (PCS) and safety instrumented system (SIS)
7.5.1.1 General
291 7.5.1.2 Process Control System (PCS)
7.5.1.3 Safety Instrumented System (SIS)
292 7.5.2 Emergency Shut Down (ESD)
293 7.5.3 Field instruments and valves
294 7.5.4 Fire, spill and gas detection system
7.5.5 Earthquake detection
7.5.6 Human-Machine Interface (HMI)
295 7.5.7 Alarm management
7.5.8 Telecommunication and CCTV requirements
296 7.5.9 Warning lights
7.6 Process technical safety
7.6.1 Overfill protection
7.6.2 Overpressure protection
7.6.2.1 Overpressure protection for storage tanks
7.6.2.2 Overpressure protection for other equipment
297 7.6.3 Vacuum protection for storage tanks
7.6.4 Leakage
7.6.5 Roll-over
298 7.6.6 Low temperature protection
7.6.7 Liquid carryover
7.6.8 Emergency depressurization
299 7.7 Marine transfer systems
7.7.1 General
7.7.2 LNG marine transfer systems
7.7.3 Jetty design
300 7.7.4 Jetty and marine monitoring and control
7.7.5 Jetty safety and security
7.7.5.1 Safety
7.7.5.2 Security
7.7.6 Unmanned transfer stations
301 7.8 Storage unit
7.8.1 General
7.8.2 Normal conditions
7.8.3 Abnormal conditions
302 7.8.4 Storage concepts
7.8.4.1 General
7.8.4.2 Single containment
303 7.8.4.3 Double containment
7.8.4.4 Full containment
7.8.5 Performance of low pressure tanks
7.8.5.1 Gradual leakage events
7.8.5.2 Sudden leakage events
7.8.5.3 External loads resistance
7.8.5.4 Pool fire
304 7.8.6 Performance of pressurized tanks
7.8.6.1 Gradual leakage events
7.8.6.2 Sudden leakage events
7.8.6.3 External loads resistance
7.8.6.4 Pool fire
7.8.6.5 Other fire scenarios
7.8.7 Tank types
7.8.7.1 Reference standards for low pressure tanks
305 7.8.7.2 Reference standards for pressurized tanks
7.9 Rotating equipment
7.9.1 LNG pumps
306 7.9.2 Seawater pumps
7.9.3 Compressors
7.9.4 Turbines
307 7.10 Regasification and send-out unit
7.10.1 General
7.10.2 Gas quality adjustment
308 7.10.3 Odorization
7.11 Trailer loading unit
7.12 Liquefaction unit
7.12.1 General
7.12.2 Gas contamination removal
7.13 Buildings
7.13.1 General
309 7.13.2 Control room
7.14 LNG and NG quality measurement
7.14.1 General
7.14.2 Sampling
7.14.3 Compositional analysis
7.14.4 Heat calculation and Wobbe Index
7.14.5 Density calculation
310 7.14.6 Analyser calibration
7.14.7 Calibration gas
7.15 Custody transfer flow metering
7.16 Boil-Off Gas (BOG) systems
7.16.1 General
312 7.16.2 Boil-off gas collection system
313 7.16.3 Boil-off gas recovery
7.17 Flare/vent system
7.17.1 General
314 7.17.2 Flare
7.17.3 Vent stack
315 7.18 Utilities
7.18.1 General
7.18.2 Instrument air
316 7.18.3 Nitrogen
7.18.4 Fuelgas
317 7.18.5 Other utilities
318 Annex A (normative)Thermal radiation threshold values
A.1 Heat radiation from LNG fires
319 A.2 Heat radiation from flare or ignited vent stack
321 Annex B (normative)Definitions of reference flow rates
B.1 General
B.2 VT (heat input)
B.3 VL (fluid input)
B.4 VO (over filling)
B.5 VF (flash at filling)
322 B.6 VR (LNG recirculation by a submersible pump)
323 B.7 VA (variation in atmospheric pressure)
B.8 VV (control valve failure)
B.9 VI (heat input in the course of a fire)
B.10 VD (fluid suction)
324 B.11 VC (compressors suction)
B.12 VB (roll-over)
325 Annex C (informative)Seismic classification
C.1 General
C.2 Some basic principles
C.3 Example of safety approach after SSE
326 C.4 Example of classification for SSE
327 Annex D (normative)Specific requirements for LNG pumps
D.1 General
D.2 Design
D.3 Inspection
D.3.1 General
D.3.2 Inspection of components submitted to pressure or rotation
D.3.3 Radiographic inspection
328 D.3.4 Ultrasonic inspection
D.3.5 Crack detection (dye penetrant inspection)
D.3.6 Visual inspection
D.3.7 Dimensional inspection
D.3.8 Electrical inspections
D.4 Testing
D.4.1 Test condition
D.4.2 Type tests and acceptance tests
329 D.4.3 Strength and tightness tests
D.4.4 Performance tests
330 D.4.5 NPSH tests
D.5 Declared values
D.6 Marking
331 D.7 Particular requirements for submerged pumps and related cables
D.7.1 Pot (can) mounted pumps
D.7.2 Column mounted (in tank) type
D.7.2.1 General
D.7.2.2 Dedicated cables
332 D.7.2.3 Stainless steel tubes
D.8 Vertical external motor pumps
333 Annex E (normative)Specific requirements for LNG vaporizers
E.1 Operating parameters
E.2 Water stream vaporizers: Open rack type (ORV)
E.2.1 Specific design requirements
E.2.2 Water distribution
334 E.2.3 LNG and NG lines
335 E.2.4 LNG distribution
E.2.5 Cleaning of the LNG/NG circuit
E.2.6 Control/safety
E.2.7 Shelters for vaporizers
E.2.8 Water circuits
E.2.9 Water quality
E.3 Water stream vaporizers: Closed type (STV)
336 E.4 Intermediate fluid vaporizers (IFV)
E.4.1 Atmospheric water bath type
E.4.2 Forced flow type
E.4.3 Condenser/vaporizer type
E.5 Submerged combustion type vaporizers (SCV)
E.5.1 Corrosion
337 E.5.2 Control and safety
338 E.5.3 Water bath
E.5.4 Vibration
E.5.5 Arrangements for cold periods
E.5.6 Legionella
E.6 Ambient air vaporizers (AAV)
339 Annex F (normative)Criteria for the design of pipes
340 Annex G (informative)Description of the different types of onshore LNG installations
G.1 LNG liquefaction plant
G.2 LNG receiving terminals
341 G.3 LNG peak shaving plants
G.4 LNG satellite plants
G.5 LNG bunkering stations
342 Annex H (informative)Trailer loading unit
H.1 Additional specific hazards of TLU
H.2 Recommended safety measures
343 H.3 Specific process safety requirements
H.4 LNG metering
344 Annex I (informative)Frequency ranges
345 Annex J (informative)Classes of consequence
346 Annex K (informative)Levels of risk
K.1 General
K.2 Acceptability criteria
348 Annex L (informative)Typical process steps of liquefaction
L.1 Introduction
L.2 Treatment of natural gas/extraction of acid gases
L.2.1 General
L.2.2 Absorption processes
L.2.2.1 Principle of operation
349 L.2.2.2 Operating parameters/performance data
L.2.2.3 Particular features
350 L.2.3 Molecular sieve adsorption process
L.2.4 Other sulphur processes than H2S
L.3 Natural gas treatment/dehydration
L.3.1 General
L.3.2 Principle of operation
351 L.3.3 Operating parameters/performance data
L.3.4 Particular features
352 L.4 Treatment of natural gas/removal of mercury
L.5 Natural gas liquefaction unit
L.5.1 General
L.5.2 Principle of operation
L.5.2.1 Natural gas circuit and fractionation
353 L.5.2.2 Refrigeration cycles
L.5.3 Operating parameters/performance data
354 L.5.4 Low temperatures
L.5.5 Specific equipment
L.5.5.1 General
L.5.5.2 Cryogenic exchangers
355 L.5.5.3 Compression systems
356 L.5.5.4 Cooling system
357 Annex M (informative)Odorant systems
M.1 Odorants in general
M.2 Odorant systems requirements
M.2.1 General
M.2.2 Storage
M.2.3 Odorant pumps and valves
358 M.3 Odorant handling
M.3.1 General
M.3.2 Delivery
M.3.3 Flushing and purging
M.4 Odorant injection
359 M.5 Odorant leakage
M.6 Safety of operating personnel

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BS EN 1473:2021 - TC
$280.87