BS EN 16481:2014
$198.66
Timber stairs. Structural design. Calculation methods
| Published By | Publication Date | Number of Pages |
| BSI | 2014 | 62 |
This European Standard constitutes a frame standard for the design of timber stairs as well as wood and wood-based components used in stairs by calculation methods. Some calculation methods can be derived from testing results, for example CEN/TS 15680. This document specifies the design and the requirements for materials and components to be used in these calculation methods. It may be complemented by national application documents based on this European Standard.
This European Standard applies to coated and uncoated components. This document covers load-bearing components such as strings, treads, risers, posts and guardrails. Requirements for a timber stair are defined in the product standard, EN 15644. This document does not cover stairs that contribute to the overall stability of the works or the strength of the structure.
This European Standard is valid for the verification of mechanical performance characteristics, usability and load-bearing capacity and their related durability. Other requirements, e.g. requirements for acoustic properties, are not covered by this European Standard.
For the design, calculation and determination of not solely resting actions, additional requirements need to be taken into account (to be checked).
For the dimensioning with special reference to resistance to fire and earthquake/seismic action, additional requirements may be taken into account.
Without further verification, the methods in this European Standard are valid for different types of stair structures and their components, as illustrated in Figure 1:
PDF Catalog
| PDF Pages | PDF Title |
|---|---|
| 5 | Foreword |
| 6 | 1 Scope |
| 8 | Figure 1 — Types of stair structures and their components 2 Normative references |
| 9 | 3 Terms and definitions, formula symbols and SI-units 3.1 Terms and definitions 3.2 Notation of formula symbols |
| 13 | 3.3 SI-units |
| 14 | 4 Principles for verification of mechanical performance characteristics 4.1 Performance characteristics to be verified 4.2 Typical actions 4.3 Significant action combinations 4.3.1 General |
| 15 | 4.3.2 Action combinations relevant for verification of usability/serviceability 4.3.3 Action combination for verification of the load-bearing capacity 4.4 Bearing resistance within the verification of the load-bearing capacity |
| 16 | 5 Determination of mechanical stress (stress resultants and deformations) 5.1 General Figure 2 — Ground plan of straight stairs |
| 17 | Figure 3 — Ground plan of turning stairs all corners supported Figure 4 — Ground plan of turning stairs not all corners supported |
| 18 | 5.2 Static systems and cross-section properties for tread of stairs 5.2.1 Parallel treads without riser |
| 19 | Figure 5 — Cross-section area of tread with closed strings and static system |
| 20 | Figure 6 — Cross-section area of tread with cut strings and static system 5.2.2 Parallel steps with riser |
| 21 | 5.2.3 Tapered treads Figure 7 — Ground plan and idealized ground plan of tapered treads with closed strings |
| 22 | Figure 8 — Idealized ground plan of tapered treads with closed strings and static system |
| 23 | Figure 9 — Idealized ground plan in case of cut strings and static system |
| 24 | 5.2.4 Kite winders Figure 10 — Ground plan showing idealized support line in case of kite winders with closed strings |
| 25 | Figure 11 — Ground plan showing idealized support line in case of kite winders with cut strings |
| 26 | Figure 12 — Idealized ground plan in case of kite winders with closed strings and cut strings 5.3 Static systems for stair strings and their cross-sectional characteristics 5.3.1 Closed strings |
| 27 | Figure 13 — Example of static system with cross-bracing |
| 29 | Figure 14 — Cross-sectional dimensions for closed strings |
| 30 | 5.3.2 Cut string |
| 31 | Figure 15 — Static system of cut string for straight stair |
| 32 | Figure 16 — Elevational dimensions of the cut string |
| 33 | Figure 17 — Cross-sectional dimensions for cut strings |
| 34 | 5.4 Calculation models for joints 5.4.1 General |
| 35 | 5.4.2 Modelling of tread-string connections 5.4.2.1 Connection type 1: treads for stairs with closed strings – cross-bracing without riser Figure 18 — Connection type 1: treads for stairs with closed strings – cross-bracing without riser |
| 36 | 5.4.2.2 Connection type 2: treads for stairs with closed strings – cross-bracing with riser Figure 19 — Connection type 2: treads for stairs with closed strings – cross-bracing with riser |
| 37 | 5.4.2.3 Connection type 3: treads for stairs with closed strings – no cross-bracing, no riser Figure 20 — Connection type 3: treads for stairs with closed strings – no cross-bracing, no riser |
| 39 | 5.4.2.4 Connection type 4: treads for stairs with closed strings – no cross-bracing – with riser Figure 21 — Connection type 4: treads for stairs with closed strings – no cross-bracing – with riser |
| 40 | 5.4.2.5 Connection type 5: treads for stairs with cut strings–with cross-bracing Figure 22 — Connection type 5: treads for stairs with cut strings – with cross-bracing |
| 42 | 5.4.2.6 Connection type 6: treads for stairs with cut strings – no cross-bracing – no riser Figure 23 — Connection type 6: treads for stairs with cut strings – no cross-bracing – no riser |
| 43 | 5.4.2.7 Connection type 7: treads for stairs with cut strings – no cross-bracing – with riser |
| 44 | Figure 24 — Connection type 7: treads for stairs with cut strings – no cross-bracing – with riser |
| 45 | 5.4.2.8 Connection type 8: kite winder for stairs with closed strings Figure 25 — Connection type 8: kite winder for stairs with closed strings |
| 46 | 5.4.3 Modelling of string-corner connections 5.4.3.1 Connections of wall string corner joints Figure 26 — Connections of wall string corner joints |
| 47 | 5.4.3.2 Connection of outer string corner Figure 27 — Connection of outer string corner |
| 48 | 5.4.4 Modelling of connections to the construction 5.4.4.1 Fastening at the bottom step Figure 28 — Fastening at the bottom step |
| 49 | 5.4.4.2 Fastening at the top step Figure 29 — Fastening at the top step |
| 50 | 5.4.4.3 Corner fastening in direction of wall Figure 30 — Corner fastening in direction of wall |
| 51 | 5.5 Modelling of loads 5.5.1 Modelling of permanent loads 5.5.2 Modelling of the variable, equally distributed vertical load qk,1 |
| 52 | Figure 31 — Idealized ground plan of tapered tread and static system 5.5.3 Modelling of the variable and equally distributed horizontal load qk,2 |
| 53 | Figure 32 — Modelling of horizontal loading on guardrail and static system |
| 54 | 6 Verification within the limit state of serviceability 6.1 General 6.2 Limit values of deformations |
| 55 | 6.3 Verification of oscillation 7 Verification within the limit state of load bearing capacity 7.1 General 7.2 Verification of the load-bearing capacity of cross-sections |
| 56 | 7.3 Verification of load-bearing capacity of the connections 7.3.1 Verification of load-bearing capacity of tread-string connections |
| 57 | 7.3.2 Verification of the load-bearing capacity of string-corner connections |
| 58 | Figure 33 — Definitions for string corner connections |
| 59 | 7.4 Verification of the load-bearing capacity of connections to the building |
| 60 | Bibliography |
