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BS EN 280-1:2022 – TC

BS EN 280-1:2022 – TC

$280.87

Tracked Changes. Mobile elevating work platforms – Design calculations. Stability criteria. Construction. Safety. Examinations and tests

Published By Publication Date Number of Pages
BSI 2022 298
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1.1 This document specifies safety requirements and measures for all types and sizes of Mobile Elevating Work Platform (MEWP, see 3.1) intended to move persons to working positions where they are carrying out work from the work platform (WP) with the intention that persons are getting on and off the work platform only at access positions at ground level or on the chassis. NOTE Machines designed for the handling of goods which are equipped with work platforms as interchangeable equipment are regarded as MEWPs. 1.2 This document is applicable to the structural design calculations and stability criteria, construction, safety examinations and tests before MEWPs are first put into service. It identifies the hazards arising from the use of MEWPs and describes methods for the elimination or reduction of these hazards. It does not cover the hazards arising from: a) use in potentially explosive atmospheres; b) work from the platform on external live electric systems; c) use of compressed gases for load bearing components; d) getting on and off the work platform at changing levels; e) specific applications (e.g. railway, ships) covered by National or local regulations. 1.3 This document does not apply to: a) machinery serving fixed landings (see e.g. EN 81-20:2020 and EN 81-50:2020, EN 12159:2012); b) fire-fighting and fire rescue appliances (see e.g. EN 1777:2010); c) unguided work cages suspended from lifting appliances (see e.g. EN 1808:2015); d) elevating operator position on rail dependent storage and retrieval equipment (see EN 528:2021); e) tail lifts (see EN 1756-1:2021 and EN 1756-2:2004+A1:2009); f) mast climbing work platforms (see EN 1495:1997+A2:2009); g) fairground equipment; h) lifting tables (see EN 1570-1:2011+A1:2014 and EN 1570-2:2016); i) aircraft ground support equipment (see e.g. EN 1915-1:2013 and EN 1915-2:2001+A1:2009); j) elevating operator positions on industrial trucks (see EN ISO 3691-3:2016). 1.4 Classification: MEWPs are divided into two main groups: a) Group A: MEWPs where the vertical projection of the centre of the area of the platform in all platform configurations at the maximum chassis inclination specified by the manufacturer is always inside the tipping lines. b) Group B: All other MEWPs. Relating to travelling, MEWPs are divided into three types: 1) Type 1: Travelling is only allowed with the MEWP in its transport position; 2) Type 2: Travelling with lifted work platform is controlled from a point of control at the chassis; 3) Type 3: Travelling with lifted work platform is controlled from a point of control at the work platform. NOTE Type 2 and type 3 can be combined.

PDF Catalog

PDF Pages PDF Title
1 compares BS EN 280-1:2022
2 TRACKED CHANGES
Text example 1 — indicates added text (in green)
7 6.1 Instruction handbook 92
6.1.1 General 92
6.1.2 There shall be provisions in the instruction handbook to record 96
6.2 Marking 97
Annex A (informative) List of significant hazards 100
Annex B (informative) Use of MEWPs in wind speeds greater than 12,5 m/s (Beaufort-Scale)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………104
Annex C (informative) Dynamic factors in stability and structural calculations 105
C.1 Stability calculations 105
C.2 Structural calculations 106
Annex D (normative) Calculation of wire rope drive systems 107
D.1 General 107
D.2 Calculation of wire rope drive systems 107
D.3 Calculation of rope diameters (coefficient c) 108
D.4 Calculation of the diameters of rope drums, rope pulleys and compensating pulleys [coefficient (h1 h2)] 109
D.5 Efficiency of wire rope drive systems 114
Annex E (informative) Calculation example — Wire rope drive systems 116
E.1 Method used to determine the coefficients and ratios used for 4.5.2 (wire rope drive systems) using the load cycle figures in 4.2.5.3 and operating speeds in 4.4.5 116
E.1.1 General 116
E.1.2 Notes 116
E.1.3 Annex D (normative) method summarized 116
E.1.4 Calculation example 117
E.2 Calculation of the diameters of rope drums, pulleys and static pulleys 120
Annex F (informative) Calculation example – z factor, kerb obstacle collision 125
Annex G (normative) Additional requirements for wireless controls and control systems
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….128
G.1 General 128
G.2 Control limitation 128
G.3 Stop 128
G.4 Serial data communication 129
G.5 Use of more than one operator control station 129
G.6 Battery-powered operator control stations 129
G.7 Receiver 129
G.8 Warnings 129
G.9 Information for use 129
Annex H (normative) Dimensions of steps and ladders 130
8 Annex I (informative) Stress history parameters 133
I.1 Introduction 133
I.2 Guidance for selection of S class 133
I.3 Stress history parameters 134
I.3.1 General procedure 134
I.3.2 Direct calculation of stress history class 136
I.3.3 Simplified method to determine stress history class 137
Annex J (informative) Fatigue assessment: Relationship between S classes in EN 13001-3-1:2012+A2:2018 and B groups in DIN 15018 138
Annex K (normative) Requirements for Performance Level d safety functions 139
K.1 General 139
K.1.1 Introduction 139
K.1.2 Performance Level d safety functions utilizing category 2 architecture 139
K.1.3 Performance Level d safety functions implemented by SIL 2 functions with a hardware fault tolerance of zero 140
K.2 Requirements for unmonitored non-electrical parts of category 3 architectures. 140
Annex L (informative) Information on rescue procedure 141
Annex M (normative) Noise Test Code 142
M.1 General 142
M.2 Emission sound pressure level determination 144
M.2.1 General 144
M.2.2 Uncertainty 144
M.3 Sound power level determination 145
M.3.1 Measurement surface 145
M.3.2 Sound Power Level Calculation (LwA) [dB] 145
M.3.3 Uncertainty 145
M.4 Installation and mounting conditions 145
M.5 Operating conditions 145
Annex ZA (informative) Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential Requirements of Directive 2006/42/EC aimed to be covered 146
9 ForewordEuropean foreword
11 Introduction
24 Table 1 — List of significant hazards
37 b) EXAMPLE 1b — Enhanced stability and overload criteria
38 c) EXAMPLE 2a — Load sensing
39 d) EXAMPLE 2b — Enhanced stability and overload criteria
40 a) EXAMPLE 3a — Load sensing
41 b) EXAMPLE 3b — Enhanced stability and overload criteria
42 c) EXAMPLE 4a — Load sensing
43 d) EXAMPLE 4b — Enhanced stability and overload criteria
44 a) EXAMPLE 5
45 b) EXAMPLE 6
46 a) EXAMPLE 7
47 b) EXAMPLE 8
57 Table 3 — Partial load factors
82 5.7.9.3 Overriding of safety functions/devices
5.7.9.4 Overriding load sensing system and emergency stop
87 Figure 13 Figure 17 — Twin cylinders in compression; normal operation
103 6.1.4.4 Additional tests for MEWPS supported in the working position by pneumatic tyres or by suspensions
135 b) Potential energy necessary for tipping
Conclusion:
142 b)
168 undefined
178 1 Scope
179 2 Normative references
181 3 Terms and definitions
187 4 Safety requirements and/or measures
4.1 General
188 4.2 Structural and stability calculations
4.2.1 General
4.2.2 Loads and forces
4.2.3 Determination of loads and forces
4.2.3.1 Rated load
189 4.2.3.2 Dead weights
4.2.3.3 Wind loads
190 4.2.3.4 Manual force
4.2.3.5 Special loads and forces
191 4.2.4 Stability calculations
4.2.4.1 Forces created by structural masses and rated load
4.2.4.2 Wind forces
4.2.4.3 Manual forces
4.2.4.4 Calculation of overturning and stabilizing moments
203 4.2.5 Structural calculations
4.2.5.1 General
4.2.5.2 Calculation methods
204 4.2.5.3 Strength analysis
205 4.3 Chassis and stabilizers
4.3.1 Chassis
209 4.3.2 Stabilizers
4.3.2.1 General
210 4.3.2.2 Levelling stabilizers
4.3.2.3 Supporting stabilizers
211 4.4 Extending structure
4.4.1 Methods to avoid overturning and exceeding permissible stresses
4.4.1.1 General
4.4.1.2 Load sensing system
212 4.4.1.3 Position control
4.4.1.4 Moment sensing system
4.4.1.5 Enhanced stability criteria for limited size of work platforms
4.4.1.6 Enhanced overload criteria for limited size of work platforms
213 4.4.1.7 Selection of variable operating parameters
214 4.5 Extending structure drive systems
4.5.1 General
215 4.5.2 Wire rope drive systems
217 4.5.3 Chain drive systems
218 4.5.4 Lead screw drive systems
4.5.5 Rack and pinion drive systems
219 4.6 Work platform
222 4.7 Controls
223 4.7.9 Overriding
4.7.9.1 Overriding of safety functions/devices
224 4.7.9.2 Overriding of emergency stop function
4.8 Electrical equipment
225 4.9 Hydraulic systems
226 4.10 Hydraulic cylinders
4.10.1 Structural design
227 4.10.1.2 Normal operating conditions
231 4.10.1.3 Failure conditions
4.11 Safety devices and safety functions
234 4.12 Noise
4.12.1 General
4.12.2 Noise determination and declaration
235 5 Verification of the safety requirements and/or measures
5.1 Examinations and tests
5.1.1 General
5.1.2 Design check
5.1.3 Manufacturing check
236 5.1.4 Tests
5.1.4.1 General
5.1.4.2 Stability tests
240 5.1.4.3 Overload test
241 5.1.4.4 Functional tests
5.2 Type tests of MEWPs
5.3 Tests before placing on the market
6 Information for use
6.1 Instruction handbook
6.1.1 General
243 6.1.1.3 Transport handling and storage information, e.g.:
6.1.1.4 Commissioning, e.g.:
6.1.1.5 Periodical examinations and tests, e.g.:
244 6.1.1.6 Examinations and tests after major alterations or major repair to a MEWP already in use which shall consist of:
6.1.1.7 Maintenance information for use by trained personnel (see Introduction), e.g.:
245 6.1.1.8 Modification to the intended use:
6.1.2 There shall be provisions in the instruction handbook to record
6.2 Marking
248 Annex A (informative)List of significant hazards
252 Annex B (informative)Use of MEWPs in wind speeds greater than 12,5 m/s (Beaufort-Scale)
253 Annex C (informative)Dynamic factors in stability and structural calculations
C.1 Stability calculations
254 C.2 Structural calculations
255 Annex D (normative)Calculation of wire rope drive systems
D.1 General
D.2 Calculation of wire rope drive systems
256 D.3 Calculation of rope diameters (coefficient c)
257 D.4 Calculation of the diameters of rope drums, rope pulleys and compensating pulleys [coefficient (h1 · h2)]
261 D.5 Efficiency of wire rope drive systems
263 Annex E (informative)Calculation example — Wire rope drive systems
E.1 Method used to determine the coefficients and ratios used for 4.5.2 (wire rope drive systems) using the load cycle figures in 4.2.5.3 and operating speeds in 4.4.5
E.1.1 General
E.1.2 Notes
E.1.3 Annex D (normative) method summarized
264 E.1.4 Calculation example
E.1.4.1 General
E.1.4.2 Mode of operation (drive group) (see E.2 and Table E.1)
266 E.1.4.3 Calculation of minimum rope diameter (see D.3)
E.1.4.4 Working coefficients
E.2 Calculation of the diameters of rope drums, pulleys and static pulleys
269 Annex F (informative)Calculation example – z factor, kerb obstacle collision
272 Annex G (normative)Additional requirements for wireless controls and control systems
G.1 General
G.2 Control limitation
G.3 Stop
273 G.4 Serial data communication
G.5 Use of more than one operator control station
G.6 Battery-powered operator control stations
G.7 Receiver
G.8 Warnings
G.9 Information for use
274 Annex H (normative)Dimensions of steps and ladders
276 Annex I (informative)Stress history parameters
I.1 Introduction
I.2 Guidance for selection of S class
277 I.3 Stress history parameters
I.3.1 General procedure
279 I.3.2 Direct calculation of stress history class
280 I.3.3 Simplified method to determine stress history class
281 Annex J (informative)Fatigue assessment: Relationship between S classes in EN 1300131:2012+A2:2018 and B groups in DIN 15018
282 Annex K (normative)Requirements for Performance Level d safety functions
K.1 General
K.1.1 Introduction
K.1.2 Performance Level d safety functions utilizing category 2 architecture
283 K.1.3 Performance Level d safety functions implemented by SIL 2 functions with a hardware fault tolerance of zero
K.2 Requirements for unmonitored non-electrical parts of category 3 architectures
284 Annex L (informative)Information on rescue procedure
285 Annex M (normative)Noise Test Code
M.0 General
M.1 Emission sound pressure level determination
M.1.1 General
287 M.1.2 Uncertainty
M.2 Sound power level determination
M.2.1 Measurement surface
M.2.2 Sound Power Level Calculation (LwA) [dB]
288 M.2.3 Uncertainty
M.3 Installation and mounting conditions
M.4 Operating conditions
289 Annex ZA (informative)Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential Requirements of Directive 2006/42/EC aimed to be covered

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BS EN 280-1:2022 - TC
$280.87