BS EN 55016-1-5:2015
$215.11
Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus and methods – Radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus. Antenna calibration sites and reference test sites for 5 MHz to 18 GHz
| Published By | Publication Date | Number of Pages |
| BSI | 2015 | 98 |
CISPR 16-1-5:2014 specifies the requirements for calibration sites in the frequency range 5 MHz to 18 GHz used to perform antenna calibrations according to CISPR 16-1-6. It also specifies the requirements for reference test sites that are used for the validation of compliance test sites in the frequency range 30 MHz to 1 000 MHz according to CISPR 16-1-4. It has the status of a basic EMC standard in accordance with IEC Guide 107. Measurement instrumentation specifications are given in CISPR 16-1-1 and CISPR 16-1-4. Further information and background on uncertainties in general is given in CISPR 16-4, which can also be helpful in establishing uncertainty estimates for the calibration processes of antennas and site validation measurements. This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition published in 2003, and its Amendment 1 (2012). It constitutes a technical revision which includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition: – site validation methods for other sites covered in CISPR 16-1-6 are added; – smaller step sizes are specified for swept frequency measurements; – the minimum ground plane size is increased; – and other miscellaneous technical and editorial refinements are included. Keywords: electromagnetic compatibility
PDF Catalog
| PDF Pages | PDF Title |
|---|---|
| 6 | English CONTENTS |
| 10 | INTRODUCTION |
| 11 | Tables Table 1 – Summary of site validation methods by subclause number |
| 12 | 1 Scope 2 Normative references 3 Terms, definitions and abbreviations 3.1 Terms and definitions |
| 13 | 3.1.1 Antenna terms |
| 15 | 3.1.2 Measurement site terms |
| 16 | 3.1.3 Other terms |
| 17 | 3.2 Abbreviations |
| 18 | 4 Specifications and validation procedures for CALTS and REFTS from 5 MHz to 1 000 MHz 4.1 General 4.2 Antenna calibration test site (CALTS) specification 4.2.1 General |
| 19 | 4.2.2 Normative specification 4.3 Test antenna specification 4.3.1 General |
| 20 | 4.3.2 Details of the required characteristics of the test antenna Figures Figure 1 – Schematic diagram of the test antenna Table 2 – Maximum tolerances for d = 10 m |
| 21 | Figure 2 – Adjustment of a telescopic wire element to the length Lwe |
| 22 | 4.4 Antenna calibration test site validation procedure 4.4.1 General 4.4.2 Test set-up |
| 24 | 4.4.3 Test frequencies and receive antenna heights 4.4.4 SIL measurements Table 3 – Frequency and fixed receive antenna height data for SIL measurementsat 24 frequencies, with ht = 2 m and d = 10 m (specified in 4.4.2.3 and 4.4.2.4) |
| 25 | Figure 3 – Determination of Vr1(f) or Vr2(f) Figure 4 – Determination of Vs(f) with the wire antennas in their specified positions |
| 27 | 4.4.5 Swept frequency SIL measurements Table 4 – RSM frequency steps |
| 28 | Figure 5 – Example NSIL: horizontal polarization, antenna height 2 m, separation 10 m Table 5 (informative) – Antenna heights for SIL measurements |
| 29 | Figure 6 – NSIL of the four pairs of calculable dipoles at 10 m separation and using the alternative heights for the 600 MHz to 1 000 MHzpair according to Table 5 |
| 30 | 4.4.6 Identifying and reducing reflections from antenna supports 4.5 Antenna calibration test site acceptance criteria 4.5.1 General 4.5.2 Measurement uncertainties |
| 31 | 4.5.3 Acceptance criteria Figure 7 – Relation between the quantities used in the SIL acceptance criterion |
| 32 | 4.6 Calibration site with a metal ground plane for biconical antennas and tuned dipole antennas over the frequency range 30 MHz to 300 MHz |
| 33 | 4.7 Validation of a REFTS 4.7.1 General 4.7.2 Validation for horizontal polarization 4.7.3 Validation for vertical polarization Table 6 – Antenna set-up for the SIL measurement of the calibration site using horizontally polarized resonant dipole antennas(see also 4.4.4 for SIL at 250 MHz and 300 MHz) |
| 34 | Table 7 – Antenna heights |
| 35 | 4.8 Validation report for CALTS and REFTS 4.8.1 General 4.8.2 Validation report requirements |
| 36 | 4.9 Site validation for the calibration of biconical and dipole antennas, and the biconical part of hybrid antennas in vertical polarization |
| 37 | 4.10 Validation of a CALTS using vertical polarization from 5 MHz to 30 MHz for the calibration of monopole antennas 4.10.1 General |
| 38 | 4.10.2 Uncertainty evaluation 5 Validation methods for a FAR from 30 MHz to 18 GHz 5.1 General Table 8 – Example measurement uncertainty budget for SIL between two monopole antennas |
| 39 | 5.2 Validation procedure from 1 GHz to 18 GHz 5.2.1 Power transfer between two antennas 5.2.2 Measurement procedure for validation from 1 GHz to 18 GHz |
| 40 | Figure 8 – Set-up of site validation for EMC antenna calibrations above 1 GHz in a FAR, also showing distance between antenna phase centres |
| 41 | 5.2.3 Analysis of results |
| 42 | 5.2.4 Acceptance criterion Figure 9 – Example plots of [Ai m(d) ( Ai m(d3 m)] in dB against distance in m at 1 GHz to 18 GHz in 1 GHz steps, corrected for LPDA and horn phase centres |
| 43 | 5.2.5 Chamber performance versus polarization 5.2.6 Uncertainty Table 9 – Example measurement uncertainty budget for FAR validation method at and above 1 GHz |
| 44 | 5.3 Validation of a FAR for the calibration of antennas by alternative methods 5.3.1 General 5.3.2 Validation of a FAR from 30 MHz to 1 GHz 5.3.3 Alternative validation of a FAR for the calibration of LPDA antennas above 1 GHz |
| 45 | 5.3.4 Alternative validation of a FAR applying time-domain measurements above 500 MHz 6 Validation methods for sites used for the calibration of directive antennas 6.1 Validation of the calibration site minimizing ground reflection by a height ≥ 4 m 6.1.1 Measurement procedure |
| 46 | Figure 10 – Example of antenna set-up for an LPDA antenna calibration in the frequency range above 200 MHz |
| 47 | 6.1.2 Uncertainties Figure 11 – Example of SIL versus antenna height measured at 200 MHz withtwo LPDA antennas in vertical polarization at 2,5 m distance between their midpoints above the reflecting ground plane of an OATS Figure 12 – Illustration of distances of transmit horn to omni-directional receive antenna and reflective building, and transmitted signal paths A and B |
| 48 | 6.2 Validation of the calibration site minimizing ground reflection by use of absorber Table 10 – Example measurement uncertainty budget forthe site validation method in 6.1.1 |
| 49 | 7 Site validation by comparison of antenna factors, and application of RSM to evaluate the uncertainty contribution of a SAC site 7.1 Use of SAM for site validation by comparison of antenna factors |
| 50 | 7.2 Application of RSM to evaluate the measurement uncertainty contribution of a calibration site comprising a SAC |
| 51 | Table 11 – Maximum tolerances for validation set-up at d = 10 m |
| 52 | Annex A (informative) CALTS characteristics and validation A.1 General A.2 The reflecting plane A.2.1 Reflecting plane construction |
| 53 | A.2.2 Plane-edge effects and plane surroundings A.3 Ancillary equipment Table A.1 – Example of fixed-length calculable dipole antennasand their subdivision of the frequency range 30 MHz to 1 000 MHz |
| 54 | A.4 Additional stringent CALTS validation testing A.4.1 General A.4.2 Antenna-height scan measurements |
| 55 | A.4.3 Frequency scan measurements |
| 56 | Table A.2 – Receive antenna heights and centre frequencies |
| 58 | Annex B (informative) Test antenna considerations B.1 General B.2 Example and verification of a test antenna |
| 60 | B.3 Determination of balun properties B.3.1 The ideal lossless balun Figure B.1 – Example of a test antenna |
| 61 | B.3.2 Relations between balun properties and Sparameters Figure B.2 – Diagram of the measurement of S11 and S12, and of S22 and S21, when generator and load are interchanged |
| 62 | B.3.3 Insertion loss measurements |
| 63 | Figure B.3 – Schematic diagram for determination of the insertion loss A1(f) Figure B.4 – Schematic diagram for determination of the insertion loss A2(f) |
| 65 | Annex C (informative) Antenna and SIL theory C.1 Analytical relations C.1.1 General |
| 66 | C.1.2 Total length of the test antenna |
| 67 | C.1.3 Theoretical SIL |
| 68 | Figure C.1 – Network model for Ai c calculations Figure C.2 – Equivalent circuit to the network in Figure C.1 |
| 69 | Figure C.3 – Definition of the mutual couplings, feed-terminal voltages and antenna currents of the antennas above the reflecting plane and their images |
| 71 | C.1.4 Calculation example Table C.1 – Example numerical (analytical) calculation of La, Ai c (see C.1.4.2) |
| 73 | Table C.2 – Example numerical (analytical) calculation of ∆At (see C.1.4.3) |
| 74 | C.2 Computations by the MoM C.2.1 General Table C.3 – Example numerical (analytical) calculation of hrc and Δft Table C.4 – Example numerical (analytical) calculation of fc and Δft |
| 75 | C.2.2 Antenna input impedance C.2.3 Total length of the test antenna C.2.4 SIL computations |
| 76 | Figure C.4 – Cascade combination of the baluns and the site twoport network |
| 77 | Figure C.5 – Flow chart showing how SIL is obtained by combining the measured balun Sparameters and the NEC calculated Sparameters of the site two-port network |
| 80 | Table C.5 – MoM example calculation of Ai c for vertical polarization,ht = 2 m, except ht = 2,75 m at 30 MHz, 35 MHz and 40 MHz |
| 82 | C.2.5 Antenna factor (AF) computations |
| 86 | Annex D (informative) Pascal Program used in C.1.4 |
| 90 | Annex E (informative) Validation procedure checklist |
| 92 | Annex F (informative) Evidence that field taper of VP site validation methodh as negligible effect on measured antenna factor F.1 Investigation of vertical field taper F.2 Calibration of biconical antennas using vertical polarization Figure F.1 – Field uniformity with height step 1 m to 2,6 m, normalized to field at 1,8 m height; monocone at 15 m range |
| 93 | Figure F.2 – Averaging of height steps, SAM, B.4.2 in CISPR 16-1-6:2014 |
| 94 | Bibliography |
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