BS EN 62109-1:2010:2011 Edition

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Safety of power converters for use in photovoltaic power systems – General requirements

Published By	Publication Date	Number of Pages
BSI	2011	160

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Description

1.1 Scope

This part of IEC 62109 applies to the power conversion equipment (PCE) for use in Photovoltaic (PV) systems where a uniform technical level with respect to safety is necessary. This standard defines the minimum requirements for the design and manufacture of PCE for protection against electric shock, energy, fire, mechanical and other hazards.

This standard provides general requirements applicable to all types of PV PCE. There are additional parts of this standard that provide specific requirements for the different types of power converters, such as Part 2-inverters. Additional parts may be published as new products and technologies are commercialised.

1.1.1 Equipment included in scope

This standard covers PCE connected to systems not exceeding maximum PV source circuit voltage of 1 500 V d.c. The equipment may also be connected to systems not exceeding 1 000 V a.c. at the a.c. mains circuits, non-mains a.c. load circuits, and to other DC source or load circuits such as batteries. This standard may be used for accessories for use with PCE, except where more appropriate standards exist.

Evaluation of PCE to this standard includes evaluation of all features and functions incorporated in or available for the PCE, or referred to in the documentation provided with the PCE, if such features or functions can affect compliance with the requirements of this standard.

1.1.2 Equipment for which other requirements may apply

This standard has not been written to address characteristics of power sources other than photovoltaic systems, such as wind turbines, fuel cells, rotating machine sources, etc.

NOTE 1 Requirements for other sources may be incorporated in the IEC 62109 series in the future.

Additional or other requirements are necessary for equipment intended for use in explosive atmospheres (see IEC 60079), aircraft, marine installations, electromedical applications (see IEC 60601) or at elevations above 2 000 m.

NOTE 2 Requirements are included for adjustment of clearance distances for higher elevations, but not for other factors related to elevation, such as thermal considerations

1.2 Object

1.2.1 Aspects included in scope

The purpose of the requirements of this part of IEC 62109 is to ensure that the design and methods of construction used provide adequate protection for the operator and the surrounding area against:

electric shock and energy hazards;
mechanical hazards;
excessive temperature hazards;
spread of fire from the equipment;
chemical hazards;
sonic pressure hazards;
liberated fluids, gases and explosion hazards.

NOTE Servicing personnel are expected to have the necessary knowledge and skill to use reasonable care in dealing with hazards associated with the operation, repair and maintenance of this equipment. Based upon this premise, this standard provides only limited requirements (for example markings or guarding) intended to protect service personnel from hazards that may not be apparent even to trained personnel.

1.2.2 Aspects excluded from scope

Aspects not covered by this standard include, but are not limited to, the following:

functional reliability, performance or other properties of the equipment not related to safety;
effectiveness of transport packaging;
EMC requirements;
installation requirements, which are covered by local and national installation codes.

NOTE This standard does provide requirements for PCE intended to ensure that the PCE can be installed in a safe manner, including requirements for installation instructions provided with the product.

PDF Catalog

PDF Pages	PDF Title
9	CONTENTS CONTENTS
15	FOREWORD FOREWORD
17	INTRODUCTION INTRODUCTION
18	1 Scope and object 1.1 Scope 1.2 Object 1 Scope and object 1.1 Scope 1.2 Object
19	2 Normative references 2 Normative references
22	3 Terms and definitions 3 Terms and definitions
32	4 General testing requirements 4.1 General 4.2 General conditions for testing 4 General testing requirements 4.1 General 4.2 General conditions for testing
35	4.3 Thermal testing 4.3 Thermal testing
37	Tables Table 1 – Total temperature limits for transformers, inductors, and other coils and their insulation systems Table 2 – Total temperature limits for materials and components where manufacturer’s ratings and component standards do not exist (see ‎4.3.2.1) Tables Table 1 – Total temperature limits for transformers, inductors, and other coils and their insulation systems Table 2 – Total temperature limits for materials and components where manufacturer’s ratings and component standards do not exist (see ‎4.3.2.1)
38	4.4 Testing in single fault condition Table 3 – Total touch temperature limits for accessible surfaces 4.4 Testing in single fault condition Table 3 – Total touch temperature limits for accessible surfaces
43	4.5 Humidity preconditioning 4.6 Backfeed voltage protection 4.5 Humidity preconditioning 4.6 Backfeed voltage protection
44	4.7 Electrical ratings tests 5 Marking and documentation 5.1 Marking 4.7 Electrical ratings tests 5 Marking and documentation 5.1 Marking
47	5.2 Warning markings 5.2 Warning markings
49	5.3 Documentation 5.3 Documentation
51	6 Environmental requirements and conditions 6 Environmental requirements and conditions
52	6.1 Environmental categories and minimum environmental conditions Table 4 – Environmental categories, environmental conditions, and test requirements 6.1 Environmental categories and minimum environmental conditions Table 4 – Environmental categories, environmental conditions, and test requirements
53	6.2 Pollution degree Table 5 – Reduction of the pollution degree of internal environment through the use of additional protection 6.2 Pollution degree Table 5 – Reduction of the pollution degree of internal environment through the use of additional protection
54	6.3 Ingress protection 6.4 UV exposure 6.5 Temperature and humidity 7 Protection against electric shock and energy hazards 7.1 General 7.2 Fault conditions 6.3 Ingress protection 6.4 UV exposure 6.5 Temperature and humidity 7 Protection against electric shock and energy hazards 7.1 General 7.2 Fault conditions
55	7.3 Protection against electric shock Figures Figure 1 – Functional summary of protective measures against electric shock 7.3 Protection against electric shock Figures Figure 1 – Functional summary of protective measures against electric shock
56	Table 6 – Summary of the limits of the decisive voltage classes Table 6 – Summary of the limits of the decisive voltage classes
57	Table 7 – Examples of application of insulation and separation Table 7 – Examples of application of insulation and separation
58	Figure 2 – Typical waveform for a.c. working voltage Figure 3 – Typical waveform for d.c. working voltage Figure 2 – Typical waveform for a.c. working voltage Figure 3 – Typical waveform for d.c. working voltage
59	Figure 4 – Typical waveform for pulsating working voltage Figure 4 – Typical waveform for pulsating working voltage
62	Table 8 – Insulation between accessible unearthed parts and DVC-A or -B circuits adjacent to DVC-B or -C circuits Table 8 – Insulation between accessible unearthed parts and DVC-A or -B circuits adjacent to DVC-B or -C circuits
63	Figure 5 – Examples for protection against direct contact for DVC-C circuits Figure 5 – Examples for protection against direct contact for DVC-C circuits
64	Figure 6 – Protection by DCV A with protective separation Figure 6 – Protection by DCV A with protective separation
65	Figure 7 – Protection by means of protective impedance Figure 7 – Protection by means of protective impedance
66	Figure 8 – Protection by limitation of discharge energy Table 9 – Values of accessible capacitance and charging voltage (threshold of pain) Figure 8 – Protection by limitation of discharge energy Table 9 – Values of accessible capacitance and charging voltage (threshold of pain)
67	Figure 9 – Protection by means of voltage limitation Figure 9 – Protection by means of voltage limitation
68	Figure 10 – Examples of protective bonding and earthing Figure 10 – Examples of protective bonding and earthing
70	Figure 11 – Protective bonding impedance test for separate unit with power fed from the PCE with overcurrent protection for the power cable Figure 11 – Protective bonding impedance test for separate unit with power fed from the PCE with overcurrent protection for the power cable
71	Figure 12 – Protective bonding impedance test for separate unit with accessible parts and with power fed from the PCE without overcurrent protection Figure 12 – Protective bonding impedance test for separate unit with accessible parts and with power fed from the PCE without overcurrent protection
72	Table 10 – Test duration for protective bonding test Table 10 – Test duration for protective bonding test
73	Table 11 – External protective earthing conductor cross-section Table 11 – External protective earthing conductor cross-section
78	Table 12 – Insulation voltage for low voltage circuits Table 12 – Insulation voltage for low voltage circuits
80	Table 13 – Clearance distances Table 13 – Clearance distances
82	Table 14 – Creepage distances (mm) Table 14 – Creepage distances (mm)
87	7.4 Protection against energy hazards 7.4 Protection against energy hazards
88	7.5 Electrical tests related to shock hazard 7.5 Electrical tests related to shock hazard
89	Table 15 – Impulse voltage test Table 15 – Impulse voltage test
90	Table 16 – Impulse test voltage Table 16 – Impulse test voltage
91	Table 17 – AC or DC test voltage for circuits connected directly to the mains Table 18 – a.c. or d.c. test voltage for circuits not connected directly to the mains Table 17 – AC or DC test voltage for circuits connected directly to the mains Table 18 – a.c. or d.c. test voltage for circuits not connected directly to the mains
92	Figure 13 – Voltage test procedures Figure 13 – Voltage test procedures
95	Table 19 – Partial discharge test Table 19 – Partial discharge test
96	8 Protection against mechanical hazards 8.1 General 8 Protection against mechanical hazards 8.1 General
97	8.2 Moving parts 8.3 Stability 8.2 Moving parts 8.3 Stability
98	8.4 Provisions for lifting and carrying 8.5 Wall mounting 8.4 Provisions for lifting and carrying 8.5 Wall mounting
99	8.6 Expelled parts 9 Protection against fire hazards 9.1 Resistance to fire 8.6 Expelled parts 9 Protection against fire hazards 9.1 Resistance to fire
103	Table 20 – Summary of material flammability requirements Table 20 – Summary of material flammability requirements
104	Figure 14 – Fire enclosure bottom openings below an unenclosed or partially enclosed component Figure 14 – Fire enclosure bottom openings below an unenclosed or partially enclosed component
105	Figure 15 – Fire enclosure baffle construction Table 21 – Allowable openings in fire enclosure bottoms Figure 15 – Fire enclosure baffle construction Table 21 – Allowable openings in fire enclosure bottoms
107	9.2 Limited power sources 9.2 Limited power sources
108	9.3 Short-circuit and overcurrent protection Table 22 – Limits for inherently limited power sources Table 23 – Limits for power sources not inherently limited 9.3 Short-circuit and overcurrent protection Table 22 – Limits for inherently limited power sources Table 23 – Limits for power sources not inherently limited
109	10 Protection against sonic pressure hazards 10.1 General 10.2 Sonic pressure and sound level 10 Protection against sonic pressure hazards 10.1 General 10.2 Sonic pressure and sound level
110	11 Protection against liquid hazards 11.1 Liquid containment, pressure and leakage 11.2 Fluid pressure and leakage 11 Protection against liquid hazards 11.1 Liquid containment, pressure and leakage 11.2 Fluid pressure and leakage
111	11.3 Oil and grease 12 Chemical hazards 12.1 General 11.3 Oil and grease 12 Chemical hazards 12.1 General
112	13 Physical requirements 13.1 Handles and manual controls 13.2 Securing of parts 13.3 Provisions for external connections 13 Physical requirements 13.1 Handles and manual controls 13.2 Securing of parts 13.3 Provisions for external connections
115	Table 24 – Sizes of conductors Table 24 – Sizes of conductors
116	Table 25 – Physical tests on power supply cords Table 25 – Physical tests on power supply cords
119	Table 26 – Wire bending space from terminals to obstructions Table 26 – Wire bending space from terminals to obstructions
120	13.4 Internal wiring and connections 13.4 Internal wiring and connections
121	13.5 Openings in enclosures 13.5 Openings in enclosures
122	Figure 16 – Examples of cross-sections of designs of openings preventing vertical access Figure 17 – Examples of louver design Figure 16 – Examples of cross-sections of designs of openings preventing vertical access Figure 17 – Examples of louver design
123	13.6 Polymeric materials Figure 18 – Enclosure openings 13.6 Polymeric materials Figure 18 – Enclosure openings
125	13.7 Mechanical resistance to deflection, impact, or drop Table 27 – Minimum property retention limits after UV exposure 13.7 Mechanical resistance to deflection, impact, or drop Table 27 – Minimum property retention limits after UV exposure
127	13.8 Thickness requirements for metal enclosures 13.8 Thickness requirements for metal enclosures
128	Table 28 – Thickness of sheet metal for enclosures: Carbon steel or stainless steel Table 28 – Thickness of sheet metal for enclosures: Carbon steel or stainless steel
129	14 Components 14.1 General Table 29 – Thickness of sheet metal for enclosures: aluminium, copper or brass 14 Components 14.1 General Table 29 – Thickness of sheet metal for enclosures: aluminium, copper or brass
130	Figure 19 – Methods of compliance verification Figure 19 – Methods of compliance verification
131	14.2 Motor overtemperature protection 14.3 Overtemperature protection devices 14.4 Fuse holders 14.5 Mains voltage selecting devices 14.6 Printed circuit boards 14.2 Motor overtemperature protection 14.3 Overtemperature protection devices 14.4 Fuse holders 14.5 Mains voltage selecting devices 14.6 Printed circuit boards
132	14.7 Circuits or components used as transient overvoltage limiting devices 14.8 Batteries 14.7 Circuits or components used as transient overvoltage limiting devices 14.8 Batteries
134	15 Software and firmware performing safety functions 15 Software and firmware performing safety functions
135	Annex A (normative) Measurement of clearances and creepage distances Figure A.1 – Narrow groove Table A.1 – Value of X Annex A (normative) Measurement of clearances and creepage distances Figure A.1 – Narrow groove Table A.1 – Value of X
136	Figure A.2 – Wide groove Figure A.3 – V-shaped groove Figure A.4 – Rib Figure A.5 – Uncemented joint with narrow groove Figure A.2 – Wide groove Figure A.3 – V-shaped groove Figure A.4 – Rib Figure A.5 – Uncemented joint with narrow groove
137	Figure A.6 – Uncemented joint with wide groove Figure A.7 – Uncemented joint with narrow and wide grooves Figure A.8 – Narrow recess Figure A.6 – Uncemented joint with wide groove Figure A.7 – Uncemented joint with narrow and wide grooves Figure A.8 – Narrow recess
138	Figure A.9 – Wide recess Figure A.10 – Intervening, unconnected conductive part Figure A.9 – Wide recess Figure A.10 – Intervening, unconnected conductive part
139	Figure A.11 – Distance for multilayer PWBs Figure A.11 – Distance for multilayer PWBs
140	Annex B (normative) Programmable equipment Annex B (normative) Programmable equipment
141	Annex C (normative) Symbols to be used in equipment markings Table C.1 – Symbols Annex C (normative) Symbols to be used in equipment markings Table C.1 – Symbols
143	Annex D (informative) Test probes for determining access Figure D.1 – Test finger Annex D (informative) Test probes for determining access Figure D.1 – Test finger
144	Figure D.2 – Test pin Figure D.3 – Straight unjointed test finger Figure D.2 – Test pin Figure D.3 – Straight unjointed test finger
145	Annex E (informative) RCDs Figure E.1 – Flow chart leading to selection of the RCD/RCM type upstream of a PCE Annex E (informative) RCDs Figure E.1 – Flow chart leading to selection of the RCD/RCM type upstream of a PCE
147	Annex F (informative) Altitude correction for clearances Table F.1 – Correction factor for clearances at altitudes above 2 000 m (see ‎7.3.7.4.1) Table F.2 – Test voltages for verifying clearances at different altitudes Annex F (informative) Altitude correction for clearances Table F.1 – Correction factor for clearances at altitudes above 2 000 m (see ‎7.3.7.4.1) Table F.2 – Test voltages for verifying clearances at different altitudes
148	Annex G (informative) Clearance and creepage distance determination for frequencies greater than 30 kHz Figure G.1 – Clearance distance determination for frequencies greater than 30 kHz Annex G (informative) Clearance and creepage distance determination for frequencies greater than 30 kHz Figure G.1 – Clearance distance determination for frequencies greater than 30 kHz
149	Figure G.2 – Creepage distance determination for frequencies greater than 30 kHz Table G.1 – Minimum values of clearances in air at atmospheric pressure for inhomogeneous field conditions (Table 1 of IEC 60664 4) Figure G.2 – Creepage distance determination for frequencies greater than 30 kHz Table G.1 – Minimum values of clearances in air at atmospheric pressure for inhomogeneous field conditions (Table 1 of IEC 60664 4)
150	Table G.2 – Minimum values of creepage distances for different frequency ranges (Table 2 of IEC 60664 4) Table G.2 – Minimum values of creepage distances for different frequency ranges (Table 2 of IEC 60664 4)
151	Annex H (informative) Measuring instrument for touch current measurements (see ‎7.5.4) Figure H.1 – Measuring instrument Annex H (informative) Measuring instrument for touch current measurements (see ‎7.5.4) Figure H.1 – Measuring instrument
152	Figure H.2 – Alternative measuring instrument Figure H.2 – Alternative measuring instrument
153	Annex I (informative) Examples of protection, insulation, and overvoltage category requirements for PCE Annex I (informative) Examples of protection, insulation, and overvoltage category requirements for PCE
154	Figure I.1 – Transformer (basic) isolated PV inverter Figure I.2 – Transformer (basic) isolated PV inverter with SPD to reduce impulse voltage for functional insulation Figure I.1 – Transformer (basic) isolated PV inverter Figure I.2 – Transformer (basic) isolated PV inverter with SPD to reduce impulse voltage for functional insulation
155	Figure I.3 – Isolated PV inverter with SPD to reduce impulse voltage for basic insulation Figure I.4 – Transformer isolated auxiliary circuit with reinforced insulation Figure I.3 – Isolated PV inverter with SPD to reduce impulse voltage for basic insulation Figure I.4 – Transformer isolated auxiliary circuit with reinforced insulation
156	Figure I.5 – Transformerless PV inverter Figure I.5 – Transformerless PV inverter

Additional information

Status	Revision Underway
Pages	160
Publication Date	2011-07-31
ISBN	978 0 580 76282 6
Standard Number	BS EN 62109-1:2010
Title	Safety of power converters for use in photovoltaic power systems – General requirements
Identical National Standard Of	IEC 62109-1:2010, EN 62109-1:2010
Corrects	BS EN 62109-1:2010
Descriptors	Electrical equipment, Photoelectric cells, Environment (working), Solar power, Thermal protection, Electrical safety, Electric shocks, Fire safety, Photovoltaic cells, Hazards, Electrical testing, Electric enclosures, Safety devices, Electric convertors, Solar energy electric power stations, Solar cells
Publisher	BSI
Committee	GEL/82
ICS Codes	27.160 - Solar energy engineering

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