BS EN 62209-1:2016 – TC:2020 Edition
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Tracked Changes. Measurement procedure for the assessment of specific absorption rate of human exposure to radio frequency fields from hand-held and body-mounted wireless communication devices – Devices used next to the ear (Frequency range of 300 MHz to 6 GHz)
| Published By | Publication Date | Number of Pages |
| BSI | 2020 | 509 |
IEC 62209-1:2016 specifies protocols and test procedures for measurement of the peak spatial-average SAR induced inside a simplified model of the head with defined reproducibility. It applies to certain electromagnetic field (EMF) transmitting devices that are positioned next to the ear, where the radiating structures of the device are in close proximity to the human head, such as mobile phones, cordless phones, certain headsets, etc. These protocols and test procedures provide a conservative estimate with limited uncertainty for the peak-spatial SAR that would occur in the head for a significant majority of people during normal use of these devices. The applicable frequency range is from 300 MHz to 6 GHz. This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition published in 2005. This edition constitutes a technical revision.
PDF Catalog
| PDF Pages | PDF Title |
|---|---|
| 283 | English CONTENTS |
| 292 | FOREWORD |
| 294 | INTRODUCTION |
| 295 | 1 Scope 2 Normative references 3 Terms and definitions |
| 300 | 4 Symbols and abbreviations 4.1 Physical quantities |
| 301 | 4.2 Constants 4.3 Abbreviations 5 Measurement system specifications 5.1 General requirements |
| 303 | 5.2 Phantom specifications (shell and liquid) |
| 304 | 5.3 Hand and device holder considerations 5.4 Scanning system requirements 5.5 Device holder specifications |
| 305 | 5.6 Characteristics of the readout electronics 6 Protocol for SAR assessment 6.1 General 6.2 Measurement preparation 6.2.1 Preparation of tissue-equivalent liquid and system check |
| 306 | 6.2.2 Preparation of the wireless device under test (DUT) |
| 307 | 6.2.3 Operating modes |
| 308 | 6.2.4 Positioning of the DUT in relation to the phantom |
| 310 | Figures Figure 1 – Vertical and horizontal reference lines and reference Points A, B on two example device types: a full touch screen smart phone (top) and a keyboard handset (bottom) |
| 313 | Figure 2 – Cheek position of the wireless device on the left side of SAM where the device shall be maintained for the phantom test set-up. Figure 3 – Tilt position of the wireless device on the left side of SAM |
| 314 | Figure 4 – An alternative form factor DUT and standard coordinateand reference points applied |
| 315 | 6.2.5 Test frequencies for DUT 6.3 Tests to be performed |
| 317 | 6.4 Measurement procedure 6.4.1 General Figure 5 – Block diagram of the tests to be performed |
| 318 | 6.4.2 General procedure |
| 319 | Tables Table 1 – Area scan parameters Table 2 – Zoom scan parameters |
| 320 | 6.4.3 SAR measurements of handsets with multiple antennas or multiple transmitters Figure 6 – Orientation of the probe with respect to the line normal to the phantom surface, shown at two different locations |
| 324 | Table 3 – Example method to determine the combined SAR value using Alternative 1 |
| 326 | 6.5 Post-processing of SAR measurement data 6.5.1 Interpolation Figure 7 – Measurement procedure for different types of correlated signals |
| 327 | 6.5.2 Extrapolation 6.5.3 Definition of the averaging volume 6.5.4 Searching for the maxima 6.6 Fast SAR testing 6.6.1 General |
| 328 | 6.6.2 Fast SAR measurement procedure A |
| 330 | 6.6.3 Fast SAR testing of required frequency bands |
| 331 | 6.6.4 Fast SAR measurement procedure B |
| 333 | 6.7 SAR test reduction 6.7.1 General requirements Figure 8 – The Fast SAR measurement procedure B. |
| 334 | 6.7.2 Test reduction for different operating modes in the same frequency band using the same wireless technology |
| 335 | 6.7.3 Test reduction based on characteristics of DUT design |
| 336 | 6.7.4 Test reduction based on SAR level analysis |
| 337 | Table 4 – Threshold values TH(f) used in this proposed test reduction protocol |
| 338 | 6.7.5 Test reduction based on simultaneous multi-band transmission considerations Figure 9 – Modified chart of 6.4.2 |
| 339 | 7 Uncertainty estimation 7.1 General considerations 7.1.1 Concept of uncertainty estimation |
| 340 | 7.1.2 Type A and Type B evaluation 7.1.3 Degrees of freedom and coverage factor |
| 341 | 7.2 Components contributing to uncertainty 7.2.1 General 7.2.2 Calibration of the SAR probes |
| 346 | 7.2.3 Contribution of mechanical constraints |
| 347 | 7.2.4 Phantom shell |
| 348 | 7.2.5 Device positioning and holder uncertainties |
| 350 | 7.2.6 Tissue-equivalent liquid parameter uncertainty |
| 352 | Table 5 – Example uncertainty template and example numerical values for dielectric constant () and conductivity (() measurement |
| 353 | 7.2.7 Uncertainty in SAR correction for deviations in permittivity and conductivity |
| 354 | Table 6 –Uncertainty of Formula (41) as a function of the maximum change in permittivity or conductivity |
| 355 | 7.2.8 Measured SAR drift |
| 356 | 7.2.9 RF ambient conditions |
| 357 | 7.2.10 Contribution of post-processing |
| 358 | Table 7 – Parameters for the reference function f1 in Formula (48) |
| 362 | 7.2.11 SAR scaling uncertainty Figure 10 – Orientation and surface of the averaging volume relative to the phantom surface |
| 363 | 7.2.12 Deviation of experimental sources 7.2.13 Other uncertainty contributions when using system validation sources Table 8 – Uncertainties relating to the deviations of theparameters of the standard waveguide source from theory |
| 364 | 7.3 Calculation of the uncertainty budget 7.3.1 Combined and expanded uncertainties 7.3.2 Maximum expanded uncertainty Table 9 – Other uncertainty contributions relating to the dipole sources described in Annex G. Table 10 – Other uncertainty contributions relating to the standard waveguide sources described in Annex G |
| 366 | Table 11 – Example of measurement uncertainty evaluation template for handset SAR test |
| 369 | Table 12 – Example of measurement uncertainty evaluation template for system validation |
| 371 | Table 13 – Example of measurement repeatability evaluation template for system check (applicable for one system). |
| 373 | 7.4 Uncertainty of fast SAR methods based on specific measurement procedures and post-processing techniques 7.4.1 General 7.4.2 Measurement uncertainty evaluation |
| 378 | Table 14 – Measurement uncertainty budget for relative fast SAR tests |
| 380 | Table 15 – Measurement uncertainty budget for system check using fast SAR methods |
| 382 | 8 Measurement report 8.1 General 8.2 Items to be recorded in the measurement report |
| 385 | Annexes Annex A (normative) Phantom specifications A.1 Rationale for the SAM phantom shape A.2 SAM phantom specifications |
| 386 | Figure A.1 – Illustration of dimensions in Table A.1 and Table A.2 |
| 387 | Table A.1 – Dimensions used in deriving SAM phantom from the ARMY 90th percentile male head data (Gordon et al. [56]) Table A.2 – Additional SAM dimensions compared with selected dimensions from the ARMY 90th-percentile male head data (Gordon et al. [56]) – specialist head measurement section |
| 388 | Figure A.2 – Close-up side view of phantom showing the ear region Figure A.3 – Side view of the phantom showing relevant markings |
| 390 | Figure A.4 – Sagittally bisected phantom with extended perimeter (shown placed on its side as used for device SAR tests) Figure A.5 – Picture of the phantom showing the central strip |
| 391 | A.3 Flat phantom specifications Figure A.6 – Cross-sectional view of SAM at the reference plane |
| 392 | A.4 Tissue-equivalent liquids Figure A.7 – Dimensions of the elliptical phantom |
| 393 | Table A.3 – Dielectric properties of the head tissue-equivalent liquid |
| 394 | Annex B (normative) Calibration and characterization of dosimetric probes B.1 Introductory remarks |
| 395 | B.2 Linearity B.3 Assessment of the sensitivity of the dipole sensors B.3.1 General B.3.2 Two-step calibration procedures |
| 397 | Table B.1 – Uncertainty analysis for transfer calibration using temperature probes |
| 399 | Figure B.1 – Experimental set-up for assessment of the sensitivity (conversion factor) using a vertically-oriented rectangular waveguide |
| 400 | Table B.2 – Guidelines for designing calibration waveguides |
| 401 | B.3.3 One step calibration procedures Table B.3 – Uncertainty analysis of the probe calibration in waveguide |
| 402 | Figure B.2 – Illustration of the antenna gain evaluation set-up |
| 403 | Table B.4 – Uncertainty template for evaluation of reference antenna gain |
| 404 | Table B.5 – Uncertainty template for calibration using reference antenna |
| 405 | B.3.4 Coaxial calorimeter method |
| 406 | Figure B.3 – Schematic of the coaxial calorimeter system |
| 407 | B.4 Isotropy B.4.1 Axial isotropy B.4.2 Hemispherical isotropy Table B.6 – Uncertainty components for probe calibration using thermal methods |
| 408 | Figure B.4 – Set-up to assess spherical isotropy deviation in tissue-equivalent liquid |
| 409 | Figure B.5 – Alternative set-up to assess spherical isotropy deviation in tissue-equivalent liquid |
| 410 | Figure B.6 – Experimental set-up for the hemispherical isotropy assessment Figure B.7 – Conventions for dipole position (ξ) and polarization (θ ) |
| 411 | Figure B.8 – Measurement of hemispherical isotropy with reference antenna |
| 412 | B.5 Lower detection limit B.6 Boundary effects B.7 Response time |
| 413 | Annex C (normative) Post-processing techniques C.1 Extrapolation and interpolation schemes C.1.1 Introductory remarks C.1.2 Interpolation schemes C.1.3 Extrapolation schemes C.2 Averaging scheme and maximum finding C.2.1 Volume average schemes C.2.2 Extrude method of averaging |
| 414 | C.2.3 Maximum peak SAR finding and uncertainty estimation C.3 Example implementation of parameters for scanning and data evaluation C.3.1 General C.3.2 Area scan measurement requirements C.3.3 Zoom scan Figure C.1 – Extrude method of averaging |
| 415 | C.3.4 Extrapolation C.3.5 Interpolation C.3.6 Integration Figure C.2 – Extrapolation of SAR data to the inner surface of the phantom based on a fourth-order least-square polynomial fit of the measured data (squares) |
| 416 | Annex D (normative) SAR measurement system verification D.1 Overview D.2 System check D.2.1 Purpose |
| 417 | D.2.2 Phantom set-up D.2.3 System check source |
| 418 | D.2.4 System check source input power measurement Figure D.1 – Test set-up for the system check |
| 419 | D.2.5 System check procedure |
| 420 | D.3 System validation D.3.1 Purpose D.3.2 Phantom set-up D.3.3 System validation sources |
| 421 | D.3.4 Reference dipole input power measurement D.3.5 System validation procedure |
| 422 | D.3.6 Numerical target SAR values |
| 423 | Table D.1 – Numerical target SAR values (W/kg) for standard dipole and flat phantom |
| 424 | Table D.2 – Numerical target SAR values for waveguides specified in Clause G.2 placed in contact with flat phantom [94] |
| 425 | D.4 Fast SAR method system validation and system check D.4.1 General D.4.2 Fast SAR method system validation |
| 426 | D.4.3 Fast SAR method system check |
| 427 | Annex E (normative) Interlaboratory comparisons E.1 Purpose E.2 Phantom set-up E.3 Reference wireless handsets E.4 Power set-up |
| 428 | E.5 Interlaboratory comparison – Procedure |
| 429 | Annex F (informative) Definition of a phantom coordinate system and a device under test coordinate system Figure F.1 – Example reference coordinate system for the left ERP of the SAM phantom |
| 430 | Figure F.2 – Example coordinate system on the device under test |
| 431 | Annex G (informative) SAR system validation sources G.1 Standard dipole source Table G.1 – Mechanical dimensions of the reference dipoles |
| 432 | G.2 Standard waveguide source Figure G.1 – Mechanical details of the standard dipole |
| 433 | Figure G.2 – Standard waveguide source (dimensions are according to Table G.2) Table G.2 – Mechanical dimensions of the standard waveguide |
| 434 | Annex H (informative) Flat phantom |
| 435 | Figure H.1 – Dimensions of the flat phantom set-up used for deriving the minimal phantom dimensions for W and L for a given phantom depth D Figure H.2 – FDTD predicted uncertainty in the 10 g peak spatial-average SAR as a function of the dimensions of the flat phantom compared with an infinite flat phantom, at 800 MHz |
| 436 | Table H.1 – Parameters used for calculation of reference SAR values in Table D.1 |
| 437 | Annex I (informative) Example recipes for phantom head tissue-equivalent liquids I.1 Overview I.2 Ingredients |
| 438 | I.3 Tissue-equivalent liquid formulas (permittivity/conductivity) Table I.1 – Suggested recipes for achieving target dielectric parameters: 300 MHz to 900 MHz |
| 439 | Table I.2 – Suggested recipes for achieving target dielectric parameters: 1 450 MHz to 2 000 MHz |
| 440 | Table I.3 – Suggested recipes for achieving target dielectric parameters: 2 100 MHz to 5 800 MHz |
| 441 | Annex J (informative) Measurement of the dielectric properties of liquidsand uncertainty estimation J.1 Introductory remarks J.2 Measurement techniques J.2.1 General J.2.2 Instrumentation J.2.3 General principles |
| 442 | J.3 Slotted coaxial transmission line J.3.1 General J.3.2 Equipment set-up J.3.3 Measurement procedure Figure J.1 – Slotted line set-up |
| 443 | J.4 Contact coaxial probe J.4.1 General J.4.2 Equipment set-up |
| 444 | Figure J.2 – An open-ended coaxial probe with innerand outer radii a and b, respectively |
| 445 | J.4.3 Measurement procedure J.5 TEM transmission line J.5.1 General J.5.2 Equipment set-up |
| 446 | J.5.3 Measurement procedure Figure J.3 – TEM line dielectric test set-up [143] |
| 447 | J.6 Dielectric properties of reference liquids |
| 448 | Table J.1 – Parameters for calculating the dielectric properties of various reference liquids Table J.2 – Dielectric properties of reference liquids at 20 °C |
| 450 | Annex K (informative) Measurement uncertainty of specific fast SAR methods and fast SAR examples K.1 General K.2 Measurement uncertainty evaluation K.2.1 General |
| 451 | K.2.2 Probe calibration and system calibration drift K.2.3 Isotropy |
| 452 | K.2.4 Sensor positioning uncertainty K.2.5 Sensor location sensitivity |
| 453 | K.2.6 Mutual sensor coupling K.2.7 Sensor coupling with the DUT K.2.8 Measurement system immunity / secondary reception K.2.9 Deviations in phantom shape |
| 454 | K.2.10 Spatial variation in dielectric parameters |
| 455 | Table K.1 – Measurement uncertainty budget for relative fast SAR tests complying with Annex K requirements, for tests performed within one frequency band and modulation |
| 457 | Table K.2 – Measurement uncertainty budget for system check using fast SAR methods complying with Annex K requirements |
| 459 | K.3 Fast SAR examples K.3.1 General Figure K.1 – SAR values for twelve hypothetical test configurations measured in the same frequency band and modulation (e.g. GSM 900 MHz) using a hypothetical full SAR (full SAR) and two fast SAR (fast SAR 1 and fast SAR 2) evaluations |
| 460 | K.3.2 Example 1: Tests for one frequency band and mode Table K.3 – Measurements conducted according to Step a) |
| 461 | Table K.4 – Measurements conducted according to Step b) Table K.5 – Measurements conducted according to Step c) |
| 462 | Table K.6 – Measurements conducted according to 6.4.2, Step 2) |
| 463 | Table K.7 – Measurements conducted according to 6.4.2, Step 3) Table K.8 – Measurements conducted according to 6.4.2, Step 4) |
| 464 | K.3.3 Example 2: Tests over multiple frequency bands and modes Table K.9 – Fast SAR measurements conducted according to Step a) |
| 465 | Table K.10 – Fast SAR measurements showing highest SAR value according to Step b) Table K.11 – Full SAR measurements conducted according to Step b) |
| 466 | Table K.12 – Fast SAR measurements showing values according-to requirements in Step c) Table K.13 – Full SAR measurements conducted according to Step c) |
| 467 | K.3.4 Example 3: Tests for one frequency band and mode (Procedure B) Table K.14 – Fast SAR measurements showing values accordingto requirements in Step e) Table K.15 – Full SAR measurements conducted according to Step e) |
| 468 | Table K.16 – Measurements conducted according to Step a) |
| 469 | Table K.17 – Measurements conducted according to Step b) Table K.18 – Measurements conducted according to Step c) |
| 470 | Table K.19 – Measurements conducted according to Step e) |
| 471 | K.3.5 Example 4: Tests over multiple frequency bands and modes (Procedure B) Table K.20 – Measurements conducted according to Step f) |
| 472 | Table K.21 – Fast SAR measurements conducted according to Step a) Table K.22 – Full SAR measurements conducted according to Step b) |
| 473 | Table K.23 – Full SAR measurements conducted according to Step e) |
| 474 | Table K.24 – Full SAR measurements conducted according to Step e) |
| 475 | Annex L (informative) SAR test reduction supporting information L.1 General L.2 Test reduction based on characteristics of DUT design L.2.1 General L.2.2 Statistical analysis overview |
| 476 | L.2.3 Analysis results Figure L.1 – Distribution of “Tilt/Cheek” Table L.1 – The number of handsets used for the statistical study |
| 477 | Table L.2 – Statistical analysis results of P(Tilt/Cheek > x) for various x values Table L.3 – Statistical analysis results of P(Tilt/Cheek > x)for 1 g and 10 g peak spatial-average SAR |
| 478 | Table L.4 – Statistical analysis results of P(Tilt/Cheek > x)for various antenna locations Table L.5 – Statistical analysis results of P(Tilt/Cheek > x) for various frequency bands |
| 479 | L.2.4 Conclusions L.2.5 Expansion to multi transmission antennas L.2.6 Test reduction based on analysis of SAR results on other signal modulations Table L.6 – Statistical analysis results of P(Tilt/Cheek > x) for various device types |
| 481 | L.3 Test reduction based on SAR level analysis L.3.1 General Figure L.2 – SAR relative to SAR in position with maximum SAR in GSM mode |
| 482 | L.3.2 Statistical analysis Figure L.3 – Two points identifying the minimum distance between the position of the interpolated maximum SAR and the points at 0,6 ( SARmax |
| 483 | Figure L.4 – Histogram for Dmin in the case of GSM 900 and iso-level at 0,6 × SARmax Table L.7 – Distance Dmin* for various iso-level values |
| 484 | Figure L.5 – Histogram for random variable Factor1g1800 Table L.8 – Experimental thresholds to have a 95 % probability that the maximum measured SAR value from the area scan will also have a peak spatial-average SAR |
| 485 | L.3.3 Test reduction applicability example Table L.9 – SAR values from the area scan (GSM 900 band) |
| 486 | L.4 Other statistical approaches to search for the high SAR test conditions L.4.1 General L.4.2 Test reductions based on a design of experiments (DOE) Table L.10 – SAR values from the area scan (GSM 900 band) |
| 487 | L.4.3 Analysis of unstructured data |
| 488 | Annex M (informative) Applying the head SAR test procedures Table M.1 – SAR results tables for example test results – GSM 850 |
| 489 | Table M.2 – SAR results table for example test results – GSM 900 Table M.3 – SAR results table for example test results – GSM 1800 |
| 490 | Table M.4 – SAR results table for example test results – GSM 1900 |
| 491 | Annex N (informative) Studies for potential hand effects on head SAR N.1 Overview N.2 Background N.2.1 General |
| 492 | N.2.2 Hand phantoms N.3 Summary of experimental studies N.3.1 General N.3.2 Experimental studies using fully compliant SAR measurement systems N.3.3 Experimental studies using other SAR measurement systems |
| 493 | N.4 Summary of computational studies N.5 Conclusions |
| 494 | Annex O (informative) Quick start guide |
| 495 | Figure O.1 – Quick guide flow-chart |
| 496 | Table O.1 – Quick start guide: SAR evaluation steps |
| 498 | Bibliography |
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IEC 62209-1:2016
Measurement procedure for the assessment of specific absorption rate of human exposure to radio frequency…
