🔥🔥 Don’t Miss Out on Our End of Autumn Sale. If you have any questions, feel free to click the bottom right corner to contact our customer service..

Concat us[email protected]
Shopping Cart

No products in the cart.

🔍
BS EN 62817:2015+A1:2017:2018 Edition

BS EN 62817:2015+A1:2017:2018 Edition

$198.66

Photovoltaic systems. Design qualification of solar trackers

Published By Publication Date Number of Pages
BSI 2018 70
PDF Format Searchable Printable Preview Now
Guaranteed Safe Checkout
Category:

If you have any questions, feel free to reach out to our online customer service team by clicking on the bottom right corner. We’re here to assist you 24/7.
Email:[email protected]

This International Standard is a design qualification standard applicable to solar trackers for photovoltaic systems, but may be used for trackers in other solar applications. The standard defines test procedures for both key components and for the complete tracker system. In some cases, test procedures describe methods to measure and/or calculate parameters to be reported in the defined tracker specification sheet. In other cases, the test procedure results in a pass/fail criterion.

The objective of this design qualification standard is twofold.

First, this standard ensures the user of the said tracker that parameters reported in the specification sheet were measured by consistent and accepted industry procedures. This provides customers with a sound basis for comparing and selecting a tracker appropriate to their specific needs. This standard provides industry-wide definitions and parameters for solar trackers. Each vendor can design, build, and specify the functionality and accuracy with uniform definition. This allows consistency in specifying the requirements for purchasing, comparing the products from different vendors, and verifying the quality of the products.

Second, the tests with pass/fail criteria are engineered with the purpose of separating tracker designs that are likely to have early failures from those designs that are sound and suitable for use as specified by the manufacturer. Mechanical and environmental testing in this standard is designed to gauge the tracker’s ability to perform under varying operating conditions, as well as to survive extreme conditions. Mechanical testing is not intended to certify structural and foundational designs, because this type of certification is specific to local jurisdictions, soil types, and other local requirements.

PDF Catalog

PDF Pages PDF Title
2 undefined
11 CONTENTS
15 FOREWORD
17 1 Scope and object
2 Normative references
18 3 Terms and definitions
4 Specifications for solar trackers for PV applications
19 Table 1 – Tracker specification template
21 5 Report
22 6 Tracker definitions and taxonomy
6.1 General
6.2 Payload types
6.2.1 Standard photovoltaic (PV) module trackers
6.2.2 Concentrator photovoltaic (CPV) module trackers
23 6.3 Rotational axes
6.3.1 General
6.3.2 Single-axis trackers
24 6.3.3 Dual-axis trackers
25 Figures

Figure 1 – Convention for elevation angle
26 6.4 Actuation and control
6.4.1 Architecture
6.4.2 Drive train
6.4.3 Drive types
27 6.5 Types of tracker control
6.5.1 Passive control
6.5.2 Active control
28 6.5.3 Backtracking
6.6 Structural characteristics
6.6.1 Vertical supports
29 6.6.2 Foundation types
6.6.3 Tracker positions
30 6.6.4 Stow time
6.7 Energy consumption
6.7.1 Daily energy consumption
6.7.2 Stow energy consumption
6.8 External elements and interfaces
6.8.1 Foundation
6.8.2 Foundation interface
6.8.3 Payload
31 6.8.4 Payload interface
6.8.5 Payload mechanical interface
6.8.6 Payload electrical interface
6.8.7 Grounding interface
6.8.8 Installation effort
6.8.9 Control interface
32 6.9 Internal tolerances
6.9.1 Primary-axis tolerance
6.9.2 Secondary axis tolerance
6.9.3 Backlash
6.9.4 Stiffness
Figure 2 – Illustration of primary-axis tolerance for VPDAT
33 6.10 Tracker system elements
6.10.1 Mechanical structure
6.10.2 Tracker controller
6.10.3 Sensors
6.11 Reliability terminology
6.11.1 General
6.11.2 Mean time between failures (MTBF)
34 6.11.3 Mean time between critical failures (MTBCF)
6.11.4 Mean time to repair (MTTR)
6.12 Environmental conditions
6.12.1 Operating temperature range
6.12.2 Survival temperature range
6.12.3 Wind speed
35 6.12.4 Maximum wind during operation
6.12.5 Maximum wind during stow
6.12.6 Snow load
7 Tracker accuracy characterization
7.1 Overview
7.2 Pointing error (instantaneous)
36 7.3 Measurement
7.3.1 Overview
7.3.2 Example of experimental method to measure pointing error
Figure 3 – General illustration of pointing error
Figure 4 – Example of experimental method to measure pointing error
37 7.3.3 Calibration of pointing error measurement tool
7.4 Calculation of tracker accuracy
7.4.1 Overview
7.4.2 Data collection
38 7.4.3 Data binning by wind speed
39 7.4.4 Data filtering
7.4.5 Data quantity
7.4.6 Accuracy calculations
40 8 Tracker test procedures
8.1 Visual inspection
8.1.1 Purpose
8.1.2 Procedure
8.1.3 Requirements
Table 2 – Alternate tracking-accuracy reporting template
41 8.2 Functional validation tests
8.2.1 Purpose
8.2.2 Tracking limits verification
8.2.3 Hard limit switch operation
8.2.4 Automatic sun tracking after power outage and feedback sensor shadowing
42 8.2.5 Manual operation
8.2.6 Emergency stop
8.2.7 Maintenance mode
8.2.8 Operational temperature range
8.2.9 Wind stow
8.3 Performance tests
8.3.1 Purpose
8.3.2 Daily energy and peak power consumption
43 8.3.3 Stow time and stow energy and power consumption
8.4 Mechanical testing
8.4.1 Purpose
44 8.4.2 Control/drive train pointing repeatability test
45 8.4.3 Deflection under static load test
46 Figure 5 – Example measurement locations for structural deflection
Figure 6 – Load configurations while the payload is in the horizontal position
Figure 7 – Load configuration when the payload is in the vertical position
47 8.4.4 Torsional stiffness, mechanical drift, drive torque, and backlash testing
48 Figure 8 – Moment load applied to an elevation axis
Figure 9 – Angular displacement versus applied torque to axis of rotation
50 8.4.5 Moment testing under extreme wind loading
Figure 10 – Examples of characteristic length for (a) elevation torque, (b) azimuth torque
51 Figure 11 – Two configurations for extreme wind moment loading
52 8.5 Environmental testing
8.5.1 Purpose
8.5.2 Procedure
54 8.5.3 Requirements
55 8.6 Accelerated mechanical cycling
8.6.1 Purpose
8.6.2 Procedure
Figure 12 – Representation of a tracker’s discrete-movement profile
56 Figure 13 – Representation of an accelerated discrete-movement profile for testing
57 8.6.3 Requirements
9 Design qualification testing specific to tracker electronic equipment
9.1 General purpose
9.2 Sequential testing for electronic components
9.2.1 General
58 9.2.2 Visual inspection of electronic components
Figure 14 – Test sequence for electronic components
59 9.2.3 Functioning test
60 9.2.4 Protection against dust, water, and foreign bodies (IP code)
9.2.5 Protection against mechanical impacts (IK code)
61 9.2.6 Robustness of terminals test
62 9.2.7 Surge immunity test
9.2.8 Shipping vibration test
63 9.2.9 Shock test
9.2.10 UV test
64 9.2.11 Thermal cycling test
Figure 15 – Electronic component thermal cycling test
65 9.2.12 Humidity-freeze test
Figure 16 – Electronic component humidity-freeze test
66 9.2.13 Damp heat
10 Additional optional accuracy calculations
10.1 Typical tracking accuracy range
10.2 Tracking error histogram
67 10.3 Percent of available irradiance as a function of pointing error
Figure 17 – Pointing-error frequency distribution for the entire test period
Figure 18 – Available irradiance as a function of pointing error
68 Figure 19 – Available irradiance as a function of pointing error with binning by wind speed

Related products

BS EN 62817:2015+A1:2017
$198.66