BS EN IEC 55016-1-1:2019
$215.11
Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus and methods – Radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus. Measuring apparatus
| Published By | Publication Date | Number of Pages |
| BSI | 2019 | 102 |
CISPR 16-1-1: 2019 specifies the characteristics and performance of equipment for the measurement of radio disturbance in the frequency range 9 kHz to 18 GHz. In addition, requirements are provided for specialized equipment for discontinuous disturbance measurements. NOTE In accordance with IEC Guide 107, CISPR 16-1-1 is a basic electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) standard for use by product committees of the IEC. As stated in Guide 107, product committees are responsible for determining the applicability of a basic EMC standard. CISPR and its subcommittee are prepared to co-operate with product committees in the evaluation of the value of particular EMC tests for specific products. The specifications in this document apply to electromagnetic interference (EMI) receivers and spectrum analyzers. The term “measuring receiver” used in this document refers to both EMI receivers and spectrum analyzers (see also 3.7). The calibration requirements for measuring receivers are detailed in Annex J. Further guidance on the use of spectrum analyzers can be found in Annex B of any one of the following documents: CISPR 16-2-1:2014, CISPR 16-2-2:2010, or CISPR 16-2-3: 2016.This fifth edition cancels and replaces the fourth edition published in 2015. This edition constitutes a technical revision. Refer to the Foreword of the document for a complete listing of the technical changes from the previous edition. Keywords: measurement of radio disturbance in the frequency range 9 kHz to 18 GHz
PDF Catalog
| PDF Pages | PDF Title |
|---|---|
| 2 | National foreword |
| 5 | Annex ZA(normative)Normative references to international publicationswith their corresponding European publications |
| 7 | English CONTENTS |
| 12 | FOREWORD |
| 15 | INTRODUCTION |
| 16 | 1 Scope 2 Normative references |
| 17 | 3 Terms and definitions |
| 21 | 4 Fundamental characteristics of a measuring receiver 4.1 General |
| 22 | 4.2 Input impedance 4.3 Sine-wave voltage tolerance 4.4 Overall pass-band selectivity Tables Table 1 – VSWR requirements for receiver input impedance Table 2 – Combined selectivity of CISPR measuring receiverand high-pass filter |
| 23 | Figures Figure 1 – Limits of overall selectivity – Pass-band (Band A) Figure 2 – Limits of overall selectivity – Pass-band (Band B) |
| 24 | 4.5 Bandwidth Figure 3 – Limits of overall selectivity – Pass-band (Bands C and D) Figure 4 – Limits for the overall selectivity – Pass-band (Band E) |
| 25 | 4.6 Frequency tuning tolerance 4.7 Intermediate frequency rejection ratio 4.8 Image frequency rejection ratio 4.9 Other spurious responses Table 3 – Bandwidth requirements for measuring receivers |
| 26 | 4.10 Limitation of intermodulation effects Table 4 – Bandwidth characteristics for intermodulation testof quasi-peak measuring receivers |
| 27 | 4.11 Limitations of receiver noise and internally-generated spurious signals 4.11.1 Random noise 4.11.2 Continuous wave 4.12 Limitation of radio-frequency emissions from the measuring receiver 4.12.1 Conducted emissions 4.12.2 Radiated emissions Figure 5 – Arrangement for testing intermodulation effects |
| 28 | 4.13 Facilities for connection to a discontinuous disturbance analyzer 5 Quasi-peak measuring receivers for the frequency range 9 kHz to 1 000 MHz 5.1 General 5.2 Response to pulses 5.2.1 Amplitude relationship (absolute calibration) 5.2.2 Variation with repetition frequency (relative calibration) Table 5 – Test pulse characteristics for quasi-peakmeasuring receivers |
| 29 | Figure 6 – Pulse response curve (Band A) |
| 30 | Figure 7 – Pulse response curve (Band B) Figure 8 – Pulse response curve (Bands C and D) |
| 31 | Figure 9 – Theoretical pulse response curve of quasi-peak detector receivers and average detector receiver |
| 32 | 6 Measuring receivers with peak detector for the frequency range 9 kHz to 18 GHz 6.1 General 6.2 Charge and discharge time constants ratio Table 6 – Pulse response of quasi-peak measuring receivers |
| 33 | 6.3 Overload factor 6.4 Response to pulses 7 Measuring receivers with average detector for the frequency range 9 kHz to 18 GHz 7.1 General Table 7 – Relative pulse response of peak and quasi-peak measuring receivers for the same bandwidth (frequency range 9 kHz to 1 000 MHz) |
| 34 | 7.2 Overload factor 7.3 Response to pulses 7.3.1 Amplitude relationship |
| 35 | 7.3.2 Variation with repetition frequency 7.3.3 Response to intermittent, unsteady and drifting narrowband disturbances Table 8 – Specification of pulse-modulated carrier (e.m.f.) |
| 36 | Figure 10 – Block diagram of an average detector Figure 11 – Screenshot showing the response of the meter-simulating network to an intermittent narrowband signal Table 9 – Maximum reading of average measuring receivers for a pulse-modulated sine-wave input in comparison with the response to a continuous sine-wave having the same amplitude |
| 37 | 8 Measuring receivers with RMS-average detector for the frequency range 9 kHz to 18 GHz 8.1 General 8.2 Overload factor 8.3 Response to pulses 8.3.1 Construction details Table 10 – Minimum pulse repetition rate without overload |
| 38 | 8.3.2 Amplitude relationship 8.3.3 Variation with repetition frequency Table 11 – Specification of pulse-modulated carrier (e.m.f.) fortesting RMS-average detectors |
| 39 | 8.3.4 Response to intermittent, unsteady and drifting narrowband disturbances 9 Measuring receivers for the frequency range 1 GHz to 18 GHz with amplitude probability distribution (APD) measuring function Table 12 – Pulse response of the RMS-average measuring receiver Table 13 – Maximum reading of RMS-average measuring receivers for apulse-modulated sine-wave input in comparison with the response toa continuous sine-wave having the same amplitude |
| 40 | 10 Discontinuous disturbance analyzers 10.1 General |
| 41 | 10.2 Fundamental characteristics |
| 43 | Figure 12 – Example of a disturbance analyzer |
| 44 | Figure 13 – Graphical presentation of test signals used in the test of the analyzer for the performance checks against the definition of a click according to Table 14 |
| 45 | Table 14 – Disturbance analyzer performance test – Test signals used for the check against the definition of a click (1 of 4) |
| 48 | 10.3 Test method for the validation of the performance check for the click analyzer 10.3.1 Basic requirements |
| 49 | 10.3.2 Additional requirements |
| 50 | Annexes Annex A (normative) Determination of response to repeated pulses of quasi-peak and RMS-average measuring receivers(see 3.6, 5.2.2, 8.2 and 8.3) A.1 General A.2 Response of the pre-detector stages |
| 52 | A.3 Response of the quasi-peak detector to the output of preceding stages A.3.1 General |
| 53 | A.3.2 Response of the indicating instrument to the signal from the detector |
| 54 | A.4 Response of the RMS detector to the output voltage of preceding stages A.4.1 Output voltage and amplitude relationship |
| 55 | A.4.2 Calculation of overload factor A.5 Relationship between the indication of the RMS meter and the quasi-peak meter |
| 57 | Annex B (normative) Determination of pulse generator spectrum (See 5.2, 6.4, 7.2, 8.3) B.1 Pulse generator B.1.1 General B.1.2 The spectrum of the generated pulses B.2 General method of measurement |
| 59 | Annex C (normative) Accurate measurements of the output of nanosecond pulse generators (see 5.2, 6.4, 7.2, 8.3) C.1 Measurement of impulse area (Aimp) C.1.1 General C.1.2 Area method C.1.3 Standard transmission line method |
| 60 | C.1.4 Harmonic measurement C.1.5 Energy method C.2 Pulse generator spectrum |
| 61 | Annex D (normative) Influence of the quasi-peak measuring receiver characteristics on its pulse response(see 5.2.2) |
| 62 | Annex E (normative) Response of average and peak measuring receivers(see 4.5) E.1 Response of pre-detector stages E.2 Overload factor |
| 63 | E.3 Relationship between the indication of an average and a quasi-peakmeasuring receiver Figure E.1 – Correction factor for estimating the ratio Bimp/B6 for other tuned circuits |
| 64 | E.4 Peak measuring receivers E.5 Relationship between indication of a peak and a quasi-peakmeasuring receiver |
| 65 | E.6 Test of measuring receiver response above 1 GHz to pulses Figure E.2 – Pulse rectification coefficient P Table E.1 – Bimp and Aimp values for a peak measuring receiver |
| 66 | Figure E.3 – Example (spectrum screenshot) of apulse-modulated signal with a pulse width of 200 ns Table E.2 – Carrier level for pulse-modulated signal of 1,4 nVs |
| 67 | E.7 Measurement of the impulse bandwidth of a measuring receiver E.7.1 General E.7.2 Method 1: Measurement by comparison of the responses of Bimp to two pulses with identical amplitude and width with low and high pulse repetition frequencies (PRF) |
| 68 | Figure E.4 – Pulse-modulated RF signal applied to a measuring receiver Figure E.5 – Filtering with a Bimp much smaller than the PRF Figure E.6 – Filtering with a Bimp much wider than the PRF |
| 69 | E.7.3 Method 2: Measurement by comparison of the response of Bimp to an impulsive signal with the response of a narrow bandwidth to the same signal E.7.4 Method 3: Integration of the normalized linear selectivity function Figure E.7 – Calculation of the impulse bandwidth |
| 70 | Figure E.8 – Example of a normalized linear selectivity function |
| 71 | Annex F (normative) Performance check of the exceptions from the definitions of a click according to 5.4.3 of CISPR 14–1:2016 |
| 72 | Table F.1 – Disturbance analyzer test signals a (1 of 5) |
| 77 | Figure F.1 – Graphical presentation of the test signals used for the performance checks of the analyzer with the additional requirements according to Table F.1 |
| 78 | Annex G (informative) Rationale for the specifications of the APD measuring function |
| 79 | Figure G.1 – Block diagram of APD measurement circuit without A/D converter Figure G.2 – Block diagram of APD measurement circuit with A/D converter |
| 80 | Figure G.3 – Example of display of APD measurement results versus equipment-under-test (EUT) state |
| 81 | Annex H (informative) Characteristics of a quasi-peak measuring receiver Table H.1 – Characteristics of quasi-peak measuring receivers |
| 82 | Annex I (informative) Example of EMI receiver and swept spectrum analyzer architecture Figure I.1 – Example of block diagram of an EMI receiver consisting of a swept spectrum analyzer with added preselector, preamplifier and quasi-peak/average detector |
| 84 | Annex J (normative) Requirements when using an external preamplifier with a measuring receiver J.1 General J.2 Considerations for optimum emission measurement system design |
| 86 | Figure J.1 – Receiver with preamplifier |
| 87 | J.3 Linearity specifications and precautions in measurement Table J.1 – Examples of preamplifier and measuringreceiver data and resulting system noise figures |
| 88 | Figure J.2 – Example of the transfer function of an amplifier Figure J.3 – Response of the amplifier of Figure J.2 for a sinusoidal signal Figure J.4 – Response of the amplifier of Figure J.2 for an impulse |
| 89 | Figure J.5 – Deviation from linear gain for an unmodulated sine-wave (example) |
| 90 | Figure J.6 – Deviation from linear gain for a broadband impulsive signal as measured with the quasi-peak detector (example) |
| 91 | Figure J.7 – Screenshot of a band-stop filter test for a preamplifier at around 818 MHz Figure J.8 – Band-stop filter test result with the measuring receiver at 818 MHz |
| 92 | Figure J.9 – Band-stop filter test results for the same 10 dB preamplifier but a different receiver with preselection (black) and without preselection (blue) Figure J.10 – Band-stop filter test results for the same 10 dB preamplifier but with the receiver of Figure J.9 with preselection (black) and without preselection (green) |
| 93 | Figure J.11 – Weighting functions of the various CISPR detectors with a noise curve to illustrate the remaining operating ranges for broadband impulsive signals (example) |
| 94 | J.4 Detecting the overload of an external preamplifier in a wideband FFT-based measuring system |
| 95 | Annex K (normative) Calibration requirements for measuring receivers K.1 General K.2 Calibration and verification K.3 Calibration and verification specifics |
| 96 | K.4 Measuring receiver specifics K.4.1 General |
| 97 | K.4.2 Demonstration of compliance with CISPR 16-1-1 K.5 Partial calibration of measuring receivers Table K.1 – Verification parameter summary |
| 98 | K.6 Determination of compliance of a measuring receiver with applicable specifications Figure K.1 – Compliance determination process with application of measurement uncertainty |
| 99 | Annex L (normative) Verification of the RF pulse amplitude (See 7.3.1, 8.3.2) |
| 100 | Bibliography |
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