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BS EN IEC 60071-12:2022:2023 Edition

BS EN IEC 60071-12:2022:2023 Edition

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Insulation co-ordination – Application guidelines for LCC HVDC converter stations

Published By Publication Date Number of Pages
BSI 2023 72
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IEC 60071-12:2022 applies guidelines on the procedures for insulation co-ordination of line commutated converter (LCC) stations for high-voltage direct current (HVDC) project, whose aim is evaluating the overvoltage stresses on the converter station equipment subjected to combined DC, AC power frequency, harmonic and impulse voltages, and determining the specified withstand voltages for equipment. This document deals only with metal-oxide surge arresters, without gaps, which are used in modern HVDC converter stations. The criteria for determining the protective levels of series and/or parallel combinations of surge arresters used to ensure optimal protection are also presented. Typical arrester protection schemes and stresses of arresters are presented. Annex A contains examples of insulation co-ordination for LCC HVDC converters which support the concepts described in the main text, and the basic analytical techniques used.

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PDF Pages PDF Title
2 undefined
5 Annex ZA (normative)Normative references to international publicationswith their corresponding European publications
6 Blank Page
7 English
CONTENTS
10 FOREWORD
12 1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Terms, definitions, symbols and abbreviated terms
3.1 Terms and definition
13 3.2 Symbols and abbreviated terms
3.2.1 General
3.2.2 Subscripts
3.2.3 Letter symbols
14 3.2.4 Abbreviated terms
4 Typical LCC HVDC converter station schemes
16 Figures
Figure 1 – Possible arrester locations ina pole with two 12-pulse converters in series
17 5 Voltages and overvoltages in service
5.1 Continuous operating voltages at various locations in the converter station
Figure 2 – Possible arrester locations for a back-to-back converter station
Tables
Table 1 – Symbol description
18 Figure 3 – LCC HVDC converter station in a pole with one 12-pulse converter
20 Figure 4 – Continuous operating voltages at various locations(location identification according to Figure 3)
21 5.2 Peak continuous operating voltage (PCOV) and crest continuous operating voltage (CCOV)
22 Figure 5 – Operating voltage of a valve arrester (V), rectifier operationand definition of PCOV and CCOV
Figure 6 – Operating voltage of a mid-point arrester (M), rectifier operation
Figure 7 – Operating voltage of a converter bus arrester (CB), rectifier operation
23 5.3 Sources and types of overvoItages
5.4 Temporary overvoltage
5.4.1 General
5.4.2 Temporary overvoltage on the AC side
24 5.4.3 Temporary overvoltages on the DC side
5.5 Slow-front overvoltages
5.5.1 General
5.5.2 Slow-front overvoltages on the AC side
25 5.5.3 Slow-front overvoltages on the DC side
5.6 Fast-front, very-fast-front and steep-front overvoltages
26 6 Arrester characteristics and stresses
6.1 Arrester characteristics
27 6.2 Arrester specification
28 6.3 Arrester stresses
6.3.1 General
29 6.3.2 AC bus arrester (A)
6.3.3 AC filter arrester (FA)
30 6.3.4 Transformer valve winding arresters (T)
6.3.5 Valve arrester (V)
33 6.3.6 Bridge arrester (B)
6.3.7 Converter unit arrester (C)
34 6.3.8 Mid-point DC bus arrester (M)
6.3.9 Converter unit DC bus arrester (CB)
35 6.3.10 DC bus and DC line/cable arrester (DB and DL/DC)
6.3.11 Neutral bus arrester (E, EL, EM in Figure 3, EB, E1, EL, EM in Figure 1)
36 6.3.12 DC reactor arrester (DR)
37 6.3.13 DC filter arrester (FD)
6.3.14 Earth electrode station arrester
6.4 Protection strategy
6.4.1 General
6.4.2 Insulation directly protected by a single arrester
6.4.3 Insulation protected by more than one arrester in series
38 6.4.4 Valve side neutral point of transformers
6.4.5 Insulation between phase conductors of the converter transformer
6.4.6 Summary of protection strategy
39 Table 2 – Arrester protection on the DC side: one 12-pulse converter (Figure 3)
40 Table 3 – Arrester protection on the DC side: two 12-pulseconverters in series (Figure 1)
41 6.5 Summary of events and stresses
Table 4 – Events stressing arresters: one 12-pulse converter (Figure 3)
42 7 Design procedure of insulation co-ordination
7.1 General
Table 5 – Types of arrester stresses for different events:one 12-pulse converter (Figure 3)
43 7.2 Arrester requirements
7.3 Representative overvoltages (Urp)
Table 6 – Arrester requirements
44 Table 7 – Representative overvoltages and required withstand voltages
45 7.4 Determination of the co-ordination withstand voltages (Ucw)
7.5 Determination of the required withstand voltages (Urw)
7.6 Determination of the specified withstand voltage (Uw)
8 Study tools and system modelling
8.1 General
8.2 Study approach and tooIs
46 8.3 System details
8.3.1 Modelling and system representation
47 Table 8 – Origin of overvoltages and associated frequency ranges
48 8.3.2 AC network and AC side of the LCC HVDC converter station
Figure 8 – One pole of an LCC HVDC converter station
49 8.3.3 DC overhead line/cable and earth electrode line details
8.3.4 DC side of an LCC HVDC converter station details
50 Annex A (informative)Example of insulation co-ordination forLCC HVDC converter stations
A.1 General
A.2 Example for LCC HVDC converter station in a pole with one 12-pulse converter
A.2.1 Arrester protective scheme
A.2.2 Arrester stresses, protection and insulation levels
A.2.2.1 General
51 A.2.2.2 Slow-front overvoltages transferred from the AC side
A.2.2.3 Earth fault between valve and upper bridge transformer bushing
55 A.2.3 Transformer valve side withstand voltages
A.2.3.1 Phase-to-phase
A.2.3.2 Upper bridge transformer phase-to-earth (star)
A.2.3.3 Lower bridge transformer phase-to-earth (delta)
A.2.4 Air-insulated smoothing reactors withstand voltages
A.2.4.1 Terminal-to-terminal slow-front overvoltages
56 A.2.4.2 Terminal-to-earth
57 A.2.5 Results
Figure A.1 – AC and DC arresters (LCC HVDC converterstation in a pole with one 12-pulse converter)
58 Figure A.2 – Valve arrester stresses for slow-front overvoltages from AC side
Figure A.3 – Arrester V2 stress for slow-front overvoltage from AC side
59 A.3 Example for LCC HVDC converter station in a pole with two 12-pulse converters in series
A.3.1 Arrester protective scheme
Figure A.4 – Valve arrester stresses for earth fault between valve and upper bridge transformer bushing
Figure A.5 – Arrester V1 stress for earth fault between valve and upper bridge transformer bushing
60 A.3.2 Arrester stresses, protection and insulation levels
A.3.2.1 General
61 A.3.2.2 Slow-front overvoltages transferred from the AC side
A.3.2.3 Upper bridge transformer bushing to earth fault while lower 400 kV converter unit operating alone
A.3.2.4 Earth fault between valve and upper bridge transformer bushing
64 A.3.3 Transformer valve side withstand voltages
A.3.3.1 Phase-to-phase
65 A.3.3.2 HV bridge transformer phase-to-earth (star)
A.3.3.3 HV bridge transformer neutral point (star)
A.3.3.4 HV bridge transformer phase-to-earth (delta)
A.3.3.5 LV bridge transformer phase-to-earth (star)
A.3.3.6 LV bridge transformer phase-to-earth (delta)
66 A.3.4 Smoothing reactor withstand voltages
A.3.4.1 Pole line smoothing reactors
A.3.4.2 Neutral bus smoothing reactors
67 A.3.5 Results
68 Figure A.6 – AC and DC arresters (LCC HVDC converter stationin a pole with two 12-pulse converters in series)
69 Bibliography

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