IEC 60076-19-1:2023 defines the procedures that are applied to evaluate the uncertainty affecting the measurements of no-load and load losses during the routine tests on power transformers. This document centres on measuring systems utilizing digital instruments, although the procedures can be adapted to evaluation of systems with analogue instruments where further uncertainty sources have to be taken into account. This document specifies how to determine measurement uncertainty and how to apply corrections for known errors in the measurement chain. Information vis-à-vis judgement and traceability are given in IEC 60076-8:1997, 10.1 and 10.2.

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74	undefined
77	Annex ZA (normative)Normative references to international publicationswith their corresponding European publications
79	English CONTENTS
82	FOREWORD
84	INTRODUCTION
86	1 Scope 2 Normative references 3 Terms and definitions
88	4 Symbols 4.1 General symbols
89	4.2 Symbols for uncertainty 4.2.1 General designations 4.2.2 Specific designations 5 Power measurement, systematic deviation and uncertainty 5.1 General
90	5.2 Traceability 5.3 Model function 5.4 Measuring systems 6 Procedures for no-load loss measurement 6.1 General
91	6.2 Model function for no-load losses at reference conditions
92	6.3 Uncertainty budget for no-load loss
93	7 Procedures for load loss measurement 7.1 General 7.2 Model function for load loss measurement at rated current Tables Table 1 – Measured no-load loss uncertainties
94	7.3 Model function for load loss at rated current and reference temperature
95	7.4 Uncertainty budget for the measured power P2 recalculated to rated current 7.4.1 General 7.4.2 Uncertainties of measured load loss power P2 at ambient temperature θ2 7.5 Uncertainty budget for reported load loss at reference temperature Table 2 – Measured load loss uncertainties at ambient temperature
96	8 Three-phase power calculations Table 3 – Absolute uncertainty of load losses PLLreported at reference temperature θr
97	9 Reporting 10 Estimate of corrections and uncertainty contributions 10.1 Instrument transformers 10.1.1 General
98	10.1.2 Ratio error of instrument transformers
99	10.1.3 Phase displacement of instrument transformers
101	10.2 Voltage and current measurements
102	10.3 Power meter 10.4 Advanced system with specified system uncertainty Table 4 – Measured no-load loss uncertainties, advanced system
103	10.5 Correction to sinusoidal waveform 10.6 Winding resistance measurement Table 5 – Measured load loss uncertainties at ambient temperature, advanced system
104	10.7 Winding temperature at load loss measurement 10.7.1 General 10.7.2 R2 and θ2 determined from temperature measurement
105	10.7.3 R2 and θ2 determined by resistance measurement
107	Annex A (informative)Example of no-load loss uncertainty evaluation –Advanced measuring system A.1 General (intent of example) A.2 Transformer specification A.3 Measuring system Table A.1 – Three-phase transformer oil immersed transformer Table A.2 – Uncertainty specification of the power measuring system
108	A.4 Measurements A.5 Correction of measured values A.6 Calculation of uncertainty Table A.3 – Measured data Table A.4 – Corrected values
109	A.7 Reported loss and uncertainty estimate Table A.5 – Uncertainty of no-load loss (according to Table 1)
110	Annex B (informative)Example of no-load loss uncertainty evaluation –Calibration based procedure B.1 General B.2 Transformer specification B.3 Measuring system Table B.1 – Three-phase transformer oil immersed transformer
111	B.4 Measurements Table B.2 – Uncertainties of measuring system current and voltage transducers Table B.3 – Uncertainties of power meter Table B.4 – Measured data
112	B.5 Correction of measured values B.6 Uncertainty calculation Table B.5 – Corrected values Table B.6 – Uncertainty of no-load loss (according to Table 1)
113	B.7 Reported loss and uncertainty estimate
114	Annex C (informative)Example of load loss uncertainty evaluationclass index procedure C.1 General C.2 Transformer specification C.3 Measuring system Table C.1 – Three-phase transformer dry type transformer
115	C.4 Measurements Table C.2 – Uncertainties of measuring system current and voltage transducers Table C.3 – Measured data
116	C.5 Calculation in accordance with IEC 60076-1 C.6 Uncertainty calculation Table C.4 – Results based on measured data Table C.5 – Derivation of standard uncertainty contributions
117	Table C.6 – Uncertainty budget for measured load lossat ambient temperature (Table 2) Table C.7 – Uncertainty budget for absolute uncertaintyof load loss reported at reference temperature (Table 3)
118	C.7 Reported loss and uncertainty estimate
119	Annex D (informative)Determination of exponent n in expression for no-load loss Table D.1 – Example of measured no-load loss versus applied voltage
120	Figure D.1 – Evaluation of exponent n from data in Table D.1
121	Annex E (informative)Measurement uncertainty and test results E.1 General E.2 Test results, guarantees, tolerances, uncertainty limits E.3 Traceability as tool for quality assurance
122	E.4 Means and methods to prove uncertainty claims and traceability E.4.1 Calibration
123	E.4.2 Calibration certificate
124	E.4.3 Guidance on scope of a calibration
125	Annex F (normative)Calculation of uncertainty of losses with differentreference temperatures and/or winding material
126	Bibliography

Status	Definitive
Pages	128
Publication Date	2023-07-26
ISBN	978 0 539 27888 0
Standard Number	BS EN IEC 60076-19-1:2023 – TC
Title	Tracked Changes. Power transformers – Rules for the determination of uncertainties in the measurement of the losses on power transformers
Descriptors	Electrical impedance, Impedance measurement, Windings, Electric connectors, Dry-type transformers, Short-circuit currents, Transformers, Tappings (electrical), Type testing, Safety measures, Name plates, Tolerances (measurement), Autotransformers, Electrical equipment, Environmental engineering, Power transformers, Temperature rise, Oil-immersed transformers, Rated power, Designations, Impedance voltage
Publisher	BSI
Committee	PEL/14
ICS Codes	29.180 - Transformers. Reactors


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