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BS EN IEC 61340-4-4:2018

BS EN IEC 61340-4-4:2018

$198.66

Electrostatics – Standard test methods for specific applications. Electrostatic classification of flexible intermediate bulk containers (FIBC)

Published By Publication Date Number of Pages
BSI 2018 54
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This part of IEC 61340 specifies requirements for flexible intermediate bulk containers (FIBC) between 0,25 m 3 and 3 m 3 in volume, intended for use in hazardous explosive atmospheres. The explosive atmosphere can be created by the contents in the FIBC or can exist outside the FIBC.

The requirements include:

  • classification and labelling of FIBC;

  • classification of inner liners;

  • specification of test methods for each type of FIBC, inner liner, labels and document pockets;

  • design and performance requirements for FIBC, inner liners, labels and document pockets;

  • safe use of FIBC (including those with inner liners) within different zones defined for explosion endangered environments, described for areas where combustible dusts are, or can be, present ( IEC 60079ā€‘10ā€‘2 ), and for explosive gas atmospheres ( IEC 60079ā€‘10ā€‘1 );

  • procedures for type qualification and certification of FIBC, including the safe use of inner liners.

NOTE 1

Guidance on test methods that can be used for manufacturing quality control is given in Annex C.

The requirements of this document are applicable to all types of FIBC and inner liners, tested as manufactured, prior to use and intended for use in hazardous explosive atmospheres: Zones 1 and 2 (Groups IIA and IIB only) and Zones 21 and 22 (see Annex D for classification of hazardous areas and explosion groups). For some types of FIBC, the requirements of this document apply only to use in hazardous explosive atmospheres with minimum ignition energy of 0,14 mJ or greater and where charging currents do not exceed 3,0 ĀµA.

NOTE 2

0,14 mJ represents a realistic minimum ignition energy for a Group IIB gas or vapour atmosphere. Although more sensitive materials exist, 0,14 mJ is the lowest minimum ignition energy of any material that is likely to be present when FIBC are emptied. 3,0 ĀµA is the highest charging current likely to be found in common industrial processes. This combination of minimum ignition energy and charging current represents the most severe conditions that might be expected in practice.

FIBC are not normally used in Zone 0 or Zone 20. If FIBC are used in Zone 0 or Zone 20, the requirements of this document are applicable, together with additional requirements that are beyond the scope of this document to define.

The volume contained within FIBC can be designated as Zone 20, in which case the requirements of this document are applicable.

Solids containing residual solvent can result in a hazardous explosive atmosphere within FIBC, possibly resulting in the volume being designated as Zone 1 or Zone 2; in which case the requirements of this document are applicable.

Compliance with the requirements specified in this document does not necessarily ensure that hazardous electrostatic discharges, for example cone discharges, will not be generated by the contents in FIBC. Information on the risks associated with cone discharges is given in Annex E.

Compliance with the requirements of this document does not mitigate the need for full risk assessment. For example, metal and other conductive powders and toner powders can require additional precautions to prevent hazardous discharges from the powders.

NOTE 3

In the examples mentioned in the paragraph above, additional precautions can be necessary in the case of metal or other conductive powder because if the powder is isolated and becomes charged, incendiary sparks can occur, and in the case of toner powders, incendiary discharges can occur during rapid filling and emptying operations. IEC TS 60079ā€‘32ā€‘1 [1] 1 gives guidance on additional precautions that can be necessary.

Test methods included in this document can be used in association with other performance requirements, for example when a risk assessment has shown the minimum ignition energy of concern is less than 0,14 mJ, charging currents are greater than 3,0 ĀµA, or the ambient conditions are outside of the range specified in this document.

Compliance with the requirements specified in this document does not necessarily ensure that electric shocks to personnel will not occur from FIBC during normal use.

PDF Catalog

PDF Pages PDF Title
2 undefined
7 English
CONTENTS
10 FOREWORD
12 INTRODUCTION
13 1 Scope
14 2 Normative references
15 3 Terms and definitions
17 4 Classification
4.1 Classification for FIBC
4.1.1 Principles of classification
4.1.2 Type A
4.1.3 Type B
4.1.4 Type C
4.1.5 Type D
4.2 Principles of classification and requirements for inner liners
4.2.1 Components of inner liners
18 4.2.2 Surface resistivity measurements for inner liners
4.2.3 Breakdown voltage measurements for inner liners
Figures
Figure 1 ā€“ Examples of inner liners in FIBC
19 4.2.4 Type L1
Tables
Table 1 ā€“ Permissible configurations and requirements for Type L1 inner liners(without conductive internal layers)
20 4.2.5 Type L1C
4.2.6 Type L2
Table 2 ā€“ Permissible configurations and requirements for Type L1C inner liners (with conductive internal layersa)
21 4.2.7 Type L3
Table 3 ā€“ Permissible configurations and requirements for Type L2 inner liners
22 4.3 Combination of FIBC and inner liners
5 Safe use of FIBC
Table 4 ā€“ Permissible configurations and requirements for Type L3 inner liners
Table 5 ā€“ Use of different types of FIBC
23 Table 6 ā€“ Inner liners and FIBC: combinations that are permissible and not permissible in hazardous explosive atmospheres
24 6 Labelling
25 Figure 2 ā€“ Example of a label for Type B FIBC
Figure 3 ā€“ Example of a label for Type C FIBC
26 Figure 4 ā€“ Example of a label for Type D FIBC
Figure 5 ā€“ Example of labels for Type C FIBC designated earth bonding points
27 7 Requirements for FIBC
7.1 General remarks
7.2 Requirements for dust environments with ignition energies greater than 3 mJ (apply to Type B FIBC, Type C FIBC and Type D FIBC)
28 7.3 Requirements for vapour and gas atmospheres and for dust environments with ignition energies of 3 mJ or less
7.3.1 Type C FIBC
7.3.2 Type D FIBC
29 8 Atmosphere for conditioning, calibrating and testing
8.1 Conditioning time
8.2 Electrical breakdown voltage, surface resistivity and resistance to groundable point testing
8.3 Surface resistivity testing
8.4 Ignition testing
9 Test procedures
9.1 Sampling
9.2 Electrical breakdown voltage
30 9.3 Ignition testing
9.3.1 Apparatus
31 Figure 6 ā€“ Ignition probe
32 Figure 7 ā€“ Perforated metal plate for use in ignition probe
Table 7 ā€“ Volume concentrations of flammable gas mixture
33 Figure 8 ā€“ Gas control and mixing apparatus (schematic)
35 Figure 9 ā€“ FIBC filling rig (schematic)
36 Figure 10 ā€“ Corona charging unit (schematic)
37 9.3.2 Establishing correct charging current
9.3.3 Ignition tests
40 9.4 Resistance to groundable point
9.4.1 Apparatus
9.4.2 Test procedure
41 10 Test report
10.1 General
42 10.2 For all types of testing
10.3 For electrical breakdown voltage testing
10.4 For ignition testing
10.5 For resistance to groundable point testing
10.6 For surface resistivity testing of inner liners, labels and document pockets
10.7 For test reports issued by accredited testing authorities
43 Table 8 ā€“ Example of full sample descriptionto be included in the test report
44 Annexes
Annex A (informative) Electrical breakdown voltage ā€“ Typical voltage/time graphs
Figure A.1 ā€“ Example of voltage/time graph for materialshowing distinct breakdown
Figure A.2 ā€“ Example of voltage/time graph for material showing reduction in rate of voltage rise because of conduction within the test material
45 Annex B (normative) Polypropylene pellets for ignition testing
Table B.1 ā€“ Particle size distributionof polypropylene pellets
46 Annex C (informative) Guidance on test methods for manufacturing quality control
C.1 Introductory remarks
C.2 Test methods
C.2.1 Resistance measurements
47 C.2.2 Charge decay measurements
C.2.3 Charge transfer measurements
48 Annex D (normative) Classification of hazardous areas and zones
Table D.1 ā€“ Classification of hazardous areas in IEC 60079-10-1and IEC 60079-10-2
Table D.2 ā€“ Classification of zones in IEC 60079-10-1and IEC 60079-10-2
49 Annex E (informative) Risks associated with cone discharges
50 Annex F (informative) Explanation for resistance and resistivity limits, and thickness limits for insulating layers of inner liners
F.1 Resistance to groundable point limit for Type C FIBC
F.2 Resistivity of inner liners
F.3 Thickness of insulating layers of inner liners
52 Bibliography

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