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BS EN IEC 61400-50-1:2022:2023 Edition

BS EN IEC 61400-50-1:2022:2023 Edition

$215.11

Wind energy generation systems – Wind measurement. Application of meteorological mast, nacelle and spinner mounted instruments

Published By Publication Date Number of Pages
BSI 2023 88
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IEC 61400-50-1:2022 specifies methods and requirements for the application of instruments to measure wind speed (and related parameters, e.g. wind direction, turbulence intensity). Such measurements are required as an input to some of the evaluation and testing procedures for wind energy and wind turbine technology (e.g. resource evaluation and turbine performance testing) described by other standards in the IEC 61400 series. This document is applicable specifically to the use of wind measurement instruments mounted on meteorological masts, turbine nacelles or turbine spinners which measure the wind at the location at which the instruments are mounted. This document excludes remote sensing devices which measure the wind at some location distant from the location at which the instrument is mounted (e.g. vertical profile or forward facing lidars).

PDF Catalog

PDF Pages PDF Title
2 undefined
6 European foreword
Endorsement notice
7 Annex ZA (normative) Normative references to international publications with their corresponding European publications
9 English
CONTENTS
13 FOREWORD
15 INTRODUCTION
16 1 Scope
2 Normative references
17 3 Terms and definitions
18 4 Symbols, units and abbreviated terms
23 5 General
6 Classification of cup and sonic anemometry
6.1 General
24 6.2 Classification classes
6.3 Influence parameter ranges
6.4 Classification of cup and sonic anemometers
25 Tables
Table 1 – Influence parameter ranges (10 min averages) of classes A, B, C, D and S
26 6.5 Reporting format
7 Assessment of cup and sonic anemometry
7.1 General
7.2 Measurements of anemometer characteristics
7.2.1 Measurements in a wind tunnel for tilt angular response characteristics of cup anemometers
28 7.2.2 Wind tunnel measurements of directional characteristics of cup anemometers
7.2.3 Wind tunnel measurements of cup anemometer rotor torque characteristics
Figures
Figure 1 – Tilt angular response Vα/Vα=0 of a cup anemometer as a function of flow angle α compared to cosine response
29 7.2.4 Wind tunnel measurements of step responses of cup anemometers
Figure 2 – Wind tunnel torque measurements QA − QF asa function of angular speed ω of a cup anemometer rotor at 8 m/s
30 7.2.5 Measurement of temperature induced effects on anemometer performance
31 7.2.6 Wind tunnel measurements of directional characteristics of sonic anemometers
Figure 3 – Example of bearing friction torque QF asfunction of temperature for a range of angular speeds ω
32 7.3 A cup anemometer classification method based on wind tunnel and laboratory tests and cup anemometer modelling
7.3.1 Method
7.3.2 Example of a cup anemometer model
34 Figure 4 – Example of rotor torque coefficient CQA as a function of speed ratio λ derived from step responses with κlow equal to −5,5 and κhigh equal to −6,5
35 Table 2 – Tilt angle response of example cup anemometer
36 Table 3 – Friction coefficients of example cup anemometer
Table 4 – Miscellaneous data related to classification of example cup anemometer
37 Figure 5 – Classification deviations of example cup anemometer showinga class 1,69A (upper) and a class 6,56B (lower)
38 Figure 6 – Classification deviations of example cup anemometer showinga class 8,01C (upper) and a class 9,94D (lower)
39 7.4 A sonic anemometer classification method based on wind tunnel tests and sonic anemometer modelling
7.5 Free field comparison measurements
8 Wind tunnel calibration procedure for anemometers
8.1 General requirements
40 8.2 Requirements for the wind tunnel
41 Figure 7 – Definition of volume for flow uniformity test
42 8.3 Instrumentation and calibration setup requirements
8.4 Calibration procedure
8.4.1 General procedure for cup and sonic anemometers
43 8.4.2 Procedure for the calibration of sonic anemometers
8.4.3 Determination of the wind speed at the anemometer position
44 8.5 Data analysis
8.6 Uncertainty analysis
45 8.7 Reporting format
46 8.8 Example uncertainty calculation
Table 5 – Example of evaluation of anemometer calibration uncertainty
49 9 In-situ comparison of anemometers
9.1 General
9.2 Prerequisite
9.3 Analysis method
50 9.4 Evaluation criteria
51 Figure 8 – Example valid control anemometer direction sector for a single top-mounted anemometer on a triangular lattice meteorological mast
52 10 Mounting of instruments on the meteorological mast
10.1 General
Figure 9 – Example valid control anemometer direction sector for a single top-mounted anemometer on a tubular meteorological mast
53 10.2 Single top-mounted anemometer
54 10.3 Side-by-side top-mounted anemometers
Figure 10 – Example of a top-mounted anemometer and requirements for mounting
55 Figure 11 – Example of alternative top-mounted primary and control anemometers positioned side-by-side and wind vane and other instruments on the boom
56 10.4 Side-mounted instruments
10.4.1 General
10.4.2 Tubular meteorological masts
57 Figure 12 – Iso-speed plot of local flow speed arounda cylindrical meteorological mast
58 10.4.3 Lattice meteorological masts
Figure 13 – Centreline relative wind speed as a function of distance Rd from the centre of a tubular meteorological mast and meteorological mast diameter d
Figure 14 – Representation of a three-legged lattice meteorological mast
59 Figure 15 – Iso-speed plot of local flow speed around a triangular lattice meteorological mast with a CT of 0,5
60 Figure 16 – Centreline relative wind speed as a function of distance Rd from the centre of a triangular lattice meteorological mast of leg distance Lm for various CT values
61 Table 6 – Estimation method for CT for various types of lattice mast
62 Figure 17 – 3D CFD derived flow distortion for two different wind directions around a triangular lattice meteorological mast (CT = 0,27)
63 10.4.4 Flow distortion correction of side-mounted anemometers
10.5 Lightning protection
10.6 Mounting of other meteorological instruments
64 10.7 Data acquisition system
11 Uncertainty of wind speed measurement
11.1 Category B uncertainties: Wind speed – Introduction
11.2 Category B uncertainties: Wind speed – Hardware
11.3 Category B uncertainties: Wind speed – Meteorological mast mounted sensors
11.3.1 General
65 11.3.2 Pre-calibration
11.3.3 Post-calibration
11.3.4 Classification
66 11.3.5 Mounting
67 11.3.6 Lightning finial
11.3.7 Data acquisition
11.4 Category B uncertainties: Method – Cold climate
11.5 Combining uncertainties
11.5.1 General
68 11.5.2 Combining uncertainties in the wind speed measurement (uV,i)
11.5.3 Combining uncertainties in the wind speed measurement from cup or sonic anemometer (uVS,i )
12 Reporting
70 Annex A (informative)Wind tunnel calibration procedure for wind direction sensors
A.1 General requirements
A.2 Requirements of the wind tunnel
71 A.3 Instrumentation and calibration setup requirements
72 A.4 Calibration procedure
Figure A.1 – Example of calibration setup of a wind direction sensor in a wind tunnel
73 A.5 Data analysis
A.6 Uncertainty analysis
74 A.7 Reporting format
75 A.8 Example of uncertainty calculation
A.8.1 General
A.8.2 Measurement uncertainties generated by determination of the flow direction in the wind tunnel
A.8.3 Uncertainty contribution by uncertainties in the determination of the geometrical centreline αCL (wind tunnel centreline)
A.8.4 Contribution by uncertainties in the determination of flow direction αdir
78 Table A.1 – Uncertainty contributions in wind directions sensor calibration
79 Table A.2 – Uncertainty contributions and total standard uncertaintyin wind direction sensor calibration
80 Annex B (informative)Mast flow distortion correction for lattice masts
Figure B.1 – Example of mast flow distortion
82 Figure B.2 – Flow distortion residuals versus wind direction
83 Annex C (informative)Nacelle instrument mounting
C.1 General
C.2 Preferred method of anemometer’s mounting
C.3 Preferred position of anemometer
84 Figure C.1 – Mounting of anemometer on top of nacelle
85 Annex D (informative)Spinner anemometers
86 Bibliography

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