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BS EN IEC 61400-50-3:2022

BS EN IEC 61400-50-3:2022

$215.11

Wind energy generation systems – Use of nacelle-mounted lidars for wind measurements

Published By Publication Date Number of Pages
BSI 2022 84
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PDF Pages PDF Title
2 undefined
7 Annex ZA (normative)Normative references to international publicationswith their corresponding European publications
12 English
CONTENTS
16 FOREWORD
18 1 Scope
2 Normative references
19 3 Terms and definitions
24 4 Symbols and abbreviated terms
28 5 Overview
5.1 General
29 5.2 Measurement methodology overview
30 5.3 Document overview
6 Lidar requirements
6.1 Functional requirements
31 6.2 Documentary requirements
6.2.1 Technical documentation
32 6.2.2 Installation and operation documentation
7 Calibration and uncertainty of nacelle lidar intermediate values
7.1 Calibration method overview
33 7.2 Verification of beam trajectory/geometry
7.2.1 Static position uncertainty
Figures
Figure 1 – Example of opening angle β between two beams
34 7.2.2 Dynamic position uncertainty
7.3 Inclinometer calibration
7.4 Verification of the measurement range
35 7.5 LOS speed calibration
7.5.1 Method overview
36 7.5.2 Calibration site requirements
Figure 2 – Side elevation sketch of calibration setup
37 Figure 3 – Plan view sketch of sensing and inflow areas
38 7.5.3 Setup requirements
40 7.5.4 Calibration range
7.5.5 Calibration data requirements and filtering
Figure 4 – Sketch of a calibration setup
41 7.5.6 Determination of LOS
42 Figure 5 – Example of lidar response to the wind direction and cosine fit
43 7.5.7 Binning of data and database requirements
7.6 Uncertainty of the LOS speed measurement
7.6.1 General
Figure 6 – Example of LOS evaluation using the RSS process: RSS vs θproj
44 7.6.2 Uncertainty of Vref
47 7.6.3 Flow inclination uncertainty
7.6.4 Uncertainty of the LOS speed measurement
48 7.7 Calibration results
Tables
Table 1 – Summary of calibration uncertainty components
49 7.8 Calibration reporting requirements
7.8.1 Report content
Table 2 – Calibration table example
Table 3 – Calibration table example(n=1…N; N is the total number of lines of sight calibrated)
50 7.8.2 General lidar information
7.8.3 Verification of beam geometry/trajectory (according to 7.2)
7.8.4 Inclinometer calibration (according to 7.3)
7.8.5 Verification of the sensing range (according to 7.4)
7.8.6 LOS speed calibration (for each LOS)
51 8 Uncertainty due to changes in environmental conditions
8.1 General
8.2 Intermediate value uncertainty due to changes in environmental conditions
8.2.1 Documentation
8.2.2 Method
52 8.2.3 List of environmental variables to be considered
8.2.4 Significance of uncertainty contribution
8.3 Evidence-base supporting the adequacy of the WFR
53 8.4 Requirements for reporting
54 9 Uncertainty of reconstructed wind parameters
9.1 Horizontal wind speed uncertainty
55 9.2 Uncertainty propagation through WFR algorithm
9.2.1 Propagation of intermediate value uncertainties u⟨V⟩,WFR
Figure 7 – High level process for horizontal wind speed uncertainty propagation
56 9.2.2 Uncertainties of other WFR parameters uWFR,par
9.3 Uncertainty associated with the WFR algorithm uope,lidar
9.4 Uncertainty due to varying measurement height u⟨ΔV⟩,measHeight
9.5 Uncertainty due to lidar measurement inconsistency
57 9.6 Combining uncertainties
10 Preparation for specific measurement campaign
10.1 Overview of procedure
10.2 Pre-campaign check list
Figure 8 – Procedure flow chart
58 10.3 Measurement set up
10.3.1 Lidar installation
10.3.2 Other sensors
59 10.3.3 Nacelle position calibration
10.4 Measurement sector
10.4.1 General
10.4.2 Assessment of influence from surrounding WTGs and obstacles
Figure 9 – Plan view sketch of NML beams upstream of WTGbeing assessed and neighbouring turbine wake
61 Figure 10 – Sectors to exclude due to wakes of neighbouringand operating WTGs and significant obstacles
62 10.4.3 Terrain assessment
Figure 11 – Example of sectors to exclude due to wakes ofa neighbouring turbine and a significant obstacle
63 11 Measurement procedure
11.1 General
11.2 WTG operation
Figure 12 – Example of full directional sector discretization
64 11.3 Consistency check of valid measurement sector
Figure 13 – Lidar relative wind direction vs turbine yawfor a two-beam nacelle lidar [Wagner R, 2013]
65 11.4 Data collection
Figure 14 – Example of LOS turbulence intensity vs turbine yaw,for a two-beam nacelle lidar
66 11.5 Data rejection
11.6 Database
11.7 Application of WFR algorithm
67 11.8 Measurement height variations
11.9 Lidar measurement monitoring
12 Reporting format – relevant tables and figures specific to nacelle-mounted lidars
12.1 General
12.2 Specific measurement campaign site description
68 12.3 Nacelle lidar information
12.4 WTG information
12.5 Database
69 12.6 Plots
12.7 Uncertainties
70 Annex A (informative)Example calculation of uncertainty of reconstructedparameters for WFR with two lines of sight
A.1 Introduction to example case
71 A.2 Uncertainty propagation through WFR algorithm
72 Table A.1 – Uncertainty components and their correlationsbetween different LOSs for this example
73 A.3 Operational uncertainty of the lidar and WFR algorithm
A.4 Uncertainty contributions from variation of measurement height
74 A.5 Wind speed consistency check
A.6 Combined uncertainty
75 Annex B (informative)Suggested method for the measurement of tilt and roll angles
Figure B.1 – Pair of tilted and rolled lidar beams (red)shown in relation to the reference position (grey)
77 Figure B.2 – Opening angle between two beams symmetric with respectto the horizontal plane (γ ) and its projection onto the vertical planeof symmetry of the lidar (γV)
78 Annex C (informative)Recommendation for installation of lidars on the nacelle
C.1 Positioning of lidar optical head on the nacelle
Figure C.1 – Example of a good (left) and bad (right) position for a 2-beam lidar
Figure C.2 – Example of a good (left) and bad (right) position for a 4-beam lidar
79 C.2 Lidar optical head pre-tilt for fixed beam lidars
80 C.3 Attachment points for the lidar
Figure C.3 – Sketch of lidar optical head pre-tilted downwardsto measure at hub height (example for a two beam lidar)
81 Annex D (informative)Assessing the Influence of nacelle-mounted lidar on turbine behaviour
D.1 General
D.2 Recommended consistency checks methods
D.2.1 General
D.2.2 Documentation-based approach
82 D.2.3 Data-based approach using neighbouring WTG
83 Figure D.1 – Example of reporting the side-by-side comparison
84 D.2.4 Data-based approach using only the WTG being assessed
Figure D.2 – Example of the power ratio between two neighbouring turbines
Figure D.3 – General process outline
87 Figure D.4 – Example of binned ΔDirNac function for a setting where the lidar has not significantly influenced the two nacelle wind direction sensors’ reported signals
88 Bibliography

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BS EN IEC 61400-50-3:2022
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