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BS EN IEC 61400-50-3:2022:2023 Edition

BS EN IEC 61400-50-3:2022:2023 Edition

$215.11

Wind energy generation systems – Use of nacelle-mounted lidars for wind measurements

Published By Publication Date Number of Pages
BSI 2023 84
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PDF Pages PDF Title
2 undefined
5 Annex ZA (normative)Normative references to international publicationswith their corresponding European publications
7 English
CONTENTS
11 FOREWORD
13 1 Scope
2 Normative references
14 3 Terms and definitions
19 Symbols and abbreviated terms
23 5 Overview
5.1 General
24 5.2 Measurement methodology overview
25 5.3 Document overview
6 Lidar requirements
6.1 Functional requirements
26 6.2 Documentary requirements
6.2.1 Technical documentation
27 6.2.2 Installation and operation documentation
7 Calibration and uncertainty of nacelle lidar intermediate values
7.1 Calibration method overview
28 7.2 Verification of beam trajectory/geometry
7.2.1 Static position uncertainty
Figures
Figure 1 – Example of opening angle β between two beams
29 7.2.2 Dynamic position uncertainty
7.3 Inclinometer calibration
7.4 Verification of the measurement range
30 7.5 LOS speed calibration
7.5.1 Method overview
31 7.5.2 Calibration site requirements
Figure 2 – Side elevation sketch of calibration setup
32 Figure 3 – Plan view sketch of sensing and inflow areas
33 7.5.3 Setup requirements
35 7.5.4 Calibration range
7.5.5 Calibration data requirements and filtering
Figure 4 – Sketch of a calibration setup
36 7.5.6 Determination of LOS
37 Figure 5 – Example of lidar response to the wind direction and cosine fit
38 7.5.7 Binning of data and database requirements
7.6 Uncertainty of the LOS speed measurement
7.6.1 General
Figure 6 – Example of LOS evaluation using the RSS process: RSS vs θproj
39 7.6.2 Uncertainty of Vref
42 7.6.3 Flow inclination uncertainty
7.6.4 Uncertainty of the LOS speed measurement
43 Tables
Table 1 – Summary of calibration uncertainty components
44 7.7 Calibration results
Table 2 – Calibration table example
Table 3 – Calibration table example(n=1…N; N is the total number of lines of sight calibrated)
45 7.8 Calibration reporting requirements
7.8.1 Report content
7.8.2 General lidar information
7.8.3 Verification of beam geometry/trajectory (according to 7.2)
7.8.4 Inclinometer calibration (according to 7.3)
7.8.5 Verification of the sensing range (according to 7.4)
7.8.6 LOS speed calibration (for each LOS)
46 8 Uncertainty due to changes in environmental conditions
8.1 General
8.2 Intermediate value uncertainty due to changes in environmental conditions
8.2.1 Documentation
8.2.2 Method
47 8.2.3 List of environmental variables to be considered
8.2.4 Significance of uncertainty contribution
8.3 Evidence-base supporting the adequacy of the WFR
48 8.4 Requirements for reporting
49 9 Uncertainty of reconstructed wind parameters
9.1 Horizontal wind speed uncertainty
50 9.2 Uncertainty propagation through WFR algorithm
9.2.1 Propagation of intermediate value uncertainties u⟨V⟩,WFR
Figure 7 – High level process for horizontal wind speed uncertainty propagation
51 9.2.2 Uncertainties of other WFR parameters uWFR,par
9.3 Uncertainty associated with the WFR algorithm uope,lidar
9.4 Uncertainty due to varying measurement height u⟨ΔV⟩,measHeight
9.5 Uncertainty due to lidar measurement inconsistency
52 9.6 Combining uncertainties
10 Preparation for specific measurement campaign
10.1 Overview of procedure
10.2 Pre-campaign check list
Figure 8 – Procedure flow chart
53 10.3 Measurement set up
10.3.1 Lidar installation
10.3.2 Other sensors
54 10.3.3 Nacelle position calibration
10.4 Measurement sector
10.4.1 General
10.4.2 Assessment of influence from surrounding WTGs and obstacles
Figure 9 – Plan view sketch of NML beams upstream of WTG being assessed and neighbouring turbine wake
56 Figure 10 – Sectors to exclude due to wakes of neighbouring and operating WTGs and significant obstacles
57 10.4.3 Terrain assessment
Figure 11 – Example of sectors to exclude due to wakes of a neighbouring turbine and a significant obstacle
58 11 Measurement procedure
11.1 General
11.2 WTG operation
Figure 12 – Example of full directional sector discretization
59 11.3 Consistency check of valid measurement sector
Figure 13 – Lidar relative wind direction vs turbine yawfor a two-beam nacelle lidar [Wagner R, 2013]
60 11.4 Data collection
Figure 14 – Example of LOS turbulence intensity vs turbine yaw,for a two-beam nacelle lidar
61 11.5 Data rejection
11.6 Database
11.7 Application of WFR algorithm
62 11.8 Measurement height variations
11.9 Lidar measurement monitoring
12 Reporting format – relevant tables and figures specific to nacelle-mounted lidars
12.1 General
12.2 Specific measurement campaign site description
63 12.3 Nacelle lidar information
12.4 WTG information
12.5 Database
64 12.6 Plots
12.7 Uncertainties
65 Annex A (informative) Example calculation of uncertainty of reconstructed parameters for WFR with two lines of sight
A.1 Introduction to example case
66 A.2 Uncertainty propagation through WFR algorithm
67 Table A.1 – Uncertainty components and their correlationsbetween different LOSs for this example
68 A.3 Operational uncertainty of the lidar and WFR algorithm
A.4 Uncertainty contributions from variation of measurement height
69 A.5 Wind speed consistency check
A.6 Combined uncertainty
70 Annex B (informative) Suggested method for the measurement of tilt and roll angles
Figure B.1 – Pair of tilted and rolled lidar beams (red) shown in relation to the reference position (grey)
72 Figure B.2 – Opening angle between two beams symmetric with respect to the horizontal plane(γ ) and its projection onto the vertical plane of symmetry of the lidar (γV)
73 Annex C (informative) Recommendation for installation of lidars on the nacelle
C.1 Positioning of lidar optical head on the nacelle
Figure C.1 – Example of a good (left) and bad (right) position for a 2-beam lidar
Figure C.2 – Example of a good (left) and bad (right) position for a 4-beam lidar
74 C.2 Lidar optical head pre-tilt for fixed beam lidars
75 C.3 Attachment points for the lidar
Figure C.3 – Sketch of lidar optical head pre-tilted downwards to measure at hub height (example for a two beam lidar)
76 Annex D (informative) Assessing the Influence of nacelle-mounted lidar on turbine behaviour
D.1 General
D.2 Recommended consistency checks methods
D.2.1 General
D.2.2 Documentation-based approach
77 D.2.3 Data-based approach using neighbouring WTG
78 Figure D.1 – Example of reporting the side-by-side comparison
79 D.2.4 Data-based approach using only the WTG being assessed
Figure D.2 – Example of the power ratio between two neighbouring turbines
Figure D.3 – General process outline
82 Figure D.4 – Example of binned ΔDirNac function for a setting where the lidar has not significantly influenced the two nacelle wind direction sensors’ reported signals
83 Bibliography

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