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BS EN ISO 18589-5:2021

BS EN ISO 18589-5:2021

$167.15

Measurement of radioactivity in the environment. Soil – Strontium 90. Test method using proportional counting or liquid scintillation counting

Published By Publication Date Number of Pages
BSI 2021 42
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This document describes the principles for the measurement of the activity of90Sr in equilibrium with90Y and89Sr, pure beta emitting radionuclides, in soil samples. Different chemical separation methods are presented to produce strontium and yttrium sources, the activity of which is determined using proportional counters (PC) or liquid scintillation counters (LSC).90Sr can be obtained from the test samples when the equilibrium between90Sr and90Y is reached or through direct90Y measurement. The selection of the measuring method depends on the origin of the contamination, the characteristics of the soil to be analysed, the required accuracy of measurement and the resources of the available laboratories.

These methods are used for soil monitoring following discharges, whether past or present, accidental or routine, liquid or gaseous. It also covers the monitoring of contamination caused by global nuclear fallout.

In case of recent fallout immediately following a nuclear accident, the contribution of89Sr to the total amount of strontium activity will not be negligible. This standard provides the measurement method to determine the activity of90Sr in presence of89Sr.

The test methods described in this document can also be used to measure the radionuclides in sludge, sediment, construction material and products by following proper sampling procedure.

Using samples sizes of 20 g and counting times of 1 000 min, detection limits of (0,1 to 0,5) Bq·kg-1 can be achievable for90Sr using conventional and commercially available proportional counter or liquid scintillation counter when the presence of89Sr can be neglected. If89Sr is present in the test sample, detection limits of (1 to 2) Bq·kg-1 can be obtained for both90Sr and89Sr using the same sample size, counting time and proportional counter or liquid scintillation counter as in the previous situation.

PDF Catalog

PDF Pages PDF Title
2 National foreword
4 European foreword
7 Foreword
8 Introduction
11 1 Scope
2 Normative references
12 3 Terms and definitions
3.1 Terms and definitions
3.2 Symbols
13 4 Principle
4.1 General
4.2 Chemical separation
14 4.3 Detection
4.3.1 General
4.3.2 Source preparation for liquid scintillation counter
4.3.3 Source preparation for proportional counter
4.3.4 Background determination
15 5 Chemical reagents and equipment
6 Procedure of strontium desorption
6.1 Principles
16 6.2 Technical resources
6.2.1 Equipment
6.2.2 Chemical reagents
6.3 Procedure
17 7 Chemical separation procedure by precipitation
7.1 Principles
7.2 Technical resources
7.2.1 Equipment
18 7.2.2 Chemical reagents
7.3 Procedure
7.3.1 Separation of alkaline metals and calcium
19 7.3.2 Separation of barium, radium and lead
7.3.3 Separation of fission products and yttrium
7.3.4 Strontium purification
20 7.3.5 Yttrium extraction
21 7.3.6 Determination of the chemical yields
8 Chemical separation procedure by liquid-liquid extraction
8.1 Principle
22 8.2 Technical resources
8.2.1 Equipment
8.2.2 Chemical reagents
23 8.3 Procedure
8.3.1 General
8.3.2 Chemical separation of yttrium
24 8.3.3 Source preparation to be measured by PC
8.3.4 Source preparation to be measured by LSC
8.3.5 Determination of the chemical yields
25 9 Chemical separation procedure by chromatography (crown ether resin)
9.1 Principles
9.2 Technical resources
9.2.1 Equipment
9.2.2 Chemical reagents
26 9.3 Procedure
9.3.1 General
9.3.2 Chemical separation of the strontium
27 9.3.3 Determination of chemical yield
10 Measurement
10.1 General
10.2 Liquid scintillation counter
10.3 Gas flow proportional counter
28 10.4 Calculation of counting efficiency
11 Expression of results
11.1 General
11.2 Determination of 90Sr in equilibrium with 90Y
11.2.1 Calculation of the activity per unit of mass
29 11.2.2 Standard uncertainty
11.2.3 Decision threshold
11.2.4 Detection limit
11.3 Determination of 90Sr by the 90Y
11.3.1 Calculation of the activity per unit of mass
30 11.3.2 Standard uncertainty
11.3.3 Decision threshold
11.3.4 Detection limit
31 11.4 Determination of 90Sr in presence of 89Sr when 90Sr is in equilibrium with 90Y
11.4.1 Calculation of the activity per unit of mass
11.4.2 Standard uncertainty
32 11.4.3 Decision threshold
11.4.4 Detection limit
33 11.5 Confidence limits
12 Test report
34 Annex A (informative) Examples of evaluation models
41 Bibliography

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BS EN ISO 18589-5:2021
$167.15