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BS ISO 32000-1:2008

BS ISO 32000-1:2008

$215.11

Document management. Portable document format – PDF 1.7

Published By Publication Date Number of Pages
BSI 2008 758
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PDF Catalog

PDF Pages PDF Title
5 Contents Page
8 Foreword
9 Introduction
11 1 Scope
2 Conformance
2.1 General
2.2 Conforming readers
2.3 Conforming writers
12 2.4 Conforming products
3 Normative references
16 4 Terms and definitions
20 5 Notation
6 Version Designations
21 7 Syntax
7.1 General
7.2 Lexical Conventions
7.2.1 General
22 7.2.2 Character Set
23 7.2.3 Comments
7.3 Objects
7.3.1 General
24 7.3.2 Boolean Objects
7.3.3 Numeric Objects
7.3.4 String Objects
7.3.4.1 General
25 7.3.4.2 Literal Strings
26 7.3.4.3 Hexadecimal Strings
7.3.5 Name Objects
28 7.3.6 Array Objects
7.3.7 Dictionary Objects
29 7.3.8 Stream Objects
7.3.8.1 General
30 7.3.8.2 Stream Extent
31 7.3.9 Null Object
7.3.10 Indirect Objects
32 7.4 Filters
7.4.1 General
34 7.4.2 ASCIIHexDecode Filter
35 7.4.3 ASCII85Decode Filter
7.4.4 LZWDecode and FlateDecode Filters
7.4.4.1 General
36 7.4.4.2 Details of LZW Encoding
37 7.4.4.3 LZWDecode and FlateDecode Parameters
38 7.4.4.4 LZW and Flate Predictor Functions
39 7.4.5 RunLengthDecode Filter
40 7.4.6 CCITTFaxDecode Filter
41 7.4.7 JBIG2Decode Filter
44 7.4.8 DCTDecode Filter
45 7.4.9 JPXDecode Filter
48 7.4.10 Crypt Filter
7.5 File Structure
7.5.1 General
49 7.5.2 File Header
50 7.5.3 File Body
7.5.4 Cross-Reference Table
52 7.5.5 File Trailer
54 7.5.6 Incremental Updates
55 7.5.7 Object Streams
59 7.5.8 Cross-Reference Streams
7.5.8.1 General
7.5.8.2 Cross-Reference Stream Dictionary
60 7.5.8.3 Cross-Reference Stream Data
61 7.5.8.4 Compatibility with Applications That Do Not Support Compressed Reference Streams
65 7.6 Encryption
7.6.1 General
67 7.6.2 General Encryption Algorithm
68 7.6.3 Standard Security Handler
7.6.3.1 General
70 7.6.3.2 Standard Encryption Dictionary
71 7.6.3.3 Encryption Key Algorithm
72 7.6.3.4 Password Algorithms
74 7.6.4 Public-Key Security Handlers
7.6.4.1 General
7.6.4.2 Public-Key Encryption Dictionary
76 7.6.4.3 Public-Key Encryption Algorithms
77 7.6.5 Crypt Filters
80 7.7 Document Structure
7.7.1 General
81 7.7.2 Document Catalog
85 7.7.3 Page Tree
7.7.3.1 General
86 7.7.3.2 Page Tree Nodes
87 7.7.3.3 Page Objects
90 7.7.3.4 Inheritance of Page Attributes
7.7.4 Name Dictionary
91 7.8 Content Streams and Resources
7.8.1 General
7.8.2 Content Streams
92 7.8.3 Resource Dictionaries
94 7.9 Common Data Structures
7.9.1 General
95 7.9.2 String Object Types
7.9.2.1 General
96 7.9.2.2 Text String Type
97 7.9.2.3 PDFDocEncoded String Type
7.9.2.4 Byte String Type
7.9.3 Text Streams
7.9.4 Dates
98 7.9.5 Rectangles
7.9.6 Name Trees
101 7.9.7 Number Trees
102 7.10 Functions
7.10.1 General
103 7.10.2 Type 0 (Sampled) Functions
106 7.10.3 Type 2 (Exponential Interpolation) Functions
7.10.4 Type 3 (Stitching) Functions
107 7.10.5 Type 4 (PostScript Calculator) Functions
7.10.5.1 General
109 7.10.5.2 Errors in Type 4 Functions
7.11 File Specifications
7.11.1 General
110 7.11.2 File Specification Strings
7.11.2.1 General
7.11.2.2 Absolute and Relative File Specifications
111 7.11.2.3 Conversion to Platform-Dependent File Names
112 7.11.2.4 Multiple-Byte Strings in File Specifications
7.11.3 File Specification Dictionaries
113 7.11.4 Embedded File Streams
7.11.4.1 General
115 7.11.4.2 Related Files Arrays
116 7.11.5 URL Specifications
7.11.6 Collection Items
117 7.11.7 Maintenance of File Specifications
118 7.12 Extensions Dictionary
7.12.1 General
7.12.2 Developer Extensions Dictionary
119 7.12.3 BaseVersion
7.12.4 ExtensionLevel
120 8 Graphics
8.1 General
8.2 Graphics Objects
124 8.3 Coordinate Systems
8.3.1 General
8.3.2 Coordinate Spaces
8.3.2.1 General
8.3.2.2 Device Space
125 8.3.2.3 User Space
126 8.3.2.4 Other Coordinate Spaces
127 8.3.2.5 Relationships among Coordinate Spaces
8.3.3 Common Transformations
129 8.3.4 Transformation Matrices
131 8.4 Graphics State
8.4.1 General
134 8.4.2 Graphics State Stack
135 8.4.3 Details of Graphics State Parameters
8.4.3.1 General
8.4.3.2 Line Width
8.4.3.3 Line Cap Style
8.4.3.4 Line Join Style
136 8.4.3.5 Miter Limit
8.4.3.6 Line Dash Pattern
137 8.4.4 Graphics State Operators
138 8.4.5 Graphics State Parameter Dictionaries
141 8.5 Path Construction and Painting
8.5.1 General
142 8.5.2 Path Construction Operators
8.5.2.1 General
143 8.5.2.2 Cubic Bézier Curves
144 8.5.3 Path-Painting Operators
8.5.3.1 General
145 8.5.3.2 Stroking
146 8.5.3.3 Filling
8.5.3.3.1 General
8.5.3.3.2 Nonzero Winding Number Rule
147 8.5.3.3.3 Even-Odd Rule
8.5.4 Clipping Path Operators
148 8.6 Colour Spaces
8.6.1 General
149 8.6.2 Colour Values
8.6.3 Colour Space Families
152 8.6.4 Device Colour Spaces
8.6.4.1 General
153 8.6.4.2 DeviceGray Colour Space
8.6.4.3 DeviceRGB Colour Space
8.6.4.4 DeviceCMYK Colour Space
154 8.6.5 CIE-Based Colour Spaces
8.6.5.1 General
155 8.6.5.2 CalGray Colour Spaces
156 8.6.5.3 CalRGB Colour Spaces
158 8.6.5.4 Lab Colour Spaces
159 8.6.5.5 ICCBased Colour Spaces
162 8.6.5.6 Default Colour Spaces
163 8.6.5.7 Implicit Conversion of CIE-Based Colour Spaces
164 8.6.5.8 Rendering Intents
165 8.6.6 Special Colour Spaces
8.6.6.1 General
166 8.6.6.2 Pattern Colour Spaces
8.6.6.3 Indexed Colour Spaces
167 8.6.6.4 Separation Colour Spaces
169 8.6.6.5 DeviceN Colour Spaces
176 8.6.6.6 Multitone Examples
179 8.6.7 Overprint Control
181 8.6.8 Colour Operators
183 8.7 Patterns
8.7.1 General
184 8.7.2 General Properties of Patterns
8.7.3 Tiling Patterns
8.7.3.1 General
186 8.7.3.2 Coloured Tiling Patterns
188 8.7.3.3 Uncoloured Tiling Patterns
191 8.7.4 Shading Patterns
8.7.4.1 General
8.7.4.2 Shading Operator
192 8.7.4.3 Shading Dictionaries
194 8.7.4.4 Colour Space: Special Considerations
8.7.4.4.1 General
195 8.7.4.5 Shading Types
8.7.4.5.1 General
8.7.4.5.2 Type 1 (Function-Based) Shadings
8.7.4.5.3 Type 2 (Axial) Shadings
197 8.7.4.5.4 Type 3 (Radial) Shadings
199 8.7.4.5.5 Type 4 Shadings (Free-Form Gouraud-Shaded Triangle Meshes)
202 8.7.4.5.6 Type 5 Shadings (Lattice-Form Gouraud-Shaded Triangle Meshes)
204 8.7.4.5.7 Type 6 Shadings (Coons Patch Meshes)
208 8.7.4.5.8 Type 7 Shadings (Tensor-Product Patch Meshes)
211 8.8 External Objects
8.8.1 General
212 8.8.2 PostScript XObjects
213 8.9 Images
8.9.1 General
8.9.2 Image Parameters
214 8.9.3 Sample Representation
8.9.4 Image Coordinate System
216 8.9.5 Image Dictionaries
8.9.5.1 General
219 8.9.5.2 Decode Arrays
221 8.9.5.3 Image Interpolation
8.9.5.4 Alternate Images
223 8.9.6 Masked Images
8.9.6.1 General
8.9.6.2 Stencil Masking
224 8.9.6.3 Explicit Masking
8.9.6.4 Colour Key Masking
8.9.7 Inline Images
227 8.10 Form XObjects
8.10.1 General
228 8.10.2 Form Dictionaries
230 8.10.3 Group XObjects
8.10.4 Reference XObjects
8.10.4.1 General
231 8.10.4.2 Printing Reference XObjects
8.10.4.3 Special Considerations
232 8.11 Optional Content
8.11.1 General
8.11.2 Optional Content Groups
8.11.2.1 General
233 8.11.2.2 Optional Content Membership Dictionaries
235 8.11.2.3 Intent
8.11.3 Making Graphical Content Optional
8.11.3.1 General
236 8.11.3.2 Optional Content in Content Streams
238 8.11.3.3 Optional Content in XObjects and Annotations
8.11.4 Configuring Optional Content
8.11.4.1 General
8.11.4.2 Optional Content Properties Dictionary
239 8.11.4.3 Optional Content Configuration Dictionaries
242 8.11.4.4 Usage and Usage Application Dictionaries
245 8.11.4.5 Determining the State of Optional Content Groups
247 9 Text
9.1 General
9.2 Organization and Use of Fonts
9.2.1 General
248 9.2.2 Basics of Showing Text
249 9.2.3 Achieving Special Graphical Effects
251 9.2.4 Glyph Positioning and Metrics
253 9.3 Text State Parameters and Operators
9.3.1 General
254 9.3.2 Character Spacing
9.3.3 Word Spacing
255 9.3.4 Horizontal Scaling
9.3.5 Leading
256 9.3.6 Text Rendering Mode
257 9.3.7 Text Rise
9.3.8 Text Knockout
258 9.4 Text Objects
9.4.1 General
259 9.4.2 Text-Positioning Operators
260 9.4.3 Text-Showing Operators
262 9.4.4 Text Space Details
263 9.5 Introduction to Font Data Structures
264 9.6 Simple Fonts
9.6.1 General
9.6.2 Type 1 Fonts
9.6.2.1 General
266 9.6.2.2 Standard Type 1 Fonts (Standard 14 Fonts)
9.6.2.3 Multiple Master Fonts
267 9.6.3 TrueType Fonts
268 9.6.4 Font Subsets
9.6.5 Type 3 Fonts
272 9.6.6 Character Encoding
9.6.6.1 General
274 9.6.6.2 Encodings for Type 1 Fonts
275 9.6.6.3 Encodings for Type 3 Fonts
9.6.6.4 Encodings for TrueType Fonts
277 9.7 Composite Fonts
9.7.1 General
9.7.2 CID-Keyed Fonts Overview
278 9.7.3 CIDSystemInfo Dictionaries
279 9.7.4 CIDFonts
9.7.4.1 General
280 9.7.4.2 Glyph Selection in CIDFonts
281 9.7.4.3 Glyph Metrics in CIDFonts
282 9.7.5 CMaps
9.7.5.1 General
283 9.7.5.2 Predefined CMaps
287 9.7.5.3 Embedded CMap Files
9.7.5.4 CMap Example and Operator Summary
289 9.7.6 Type 0 Font Dictionaries
9.7.6.1 General
290 9.7.6.2 CMap Mapping
9.7.6.3 Handling Undefined Characters
291 9.8 Font Descriptors
9.8.1 General
293 9.8.2 Font Descriptor Flags
295 9.8.3 Font Descriptors for CIDFonts
9.8.3.1 General
9.8.3.2 Style
296 9.8.3.3 FD
298 9.9 Embedded Font Programs
302 9.10 Extraction of Text Content
9.10.1 General
9.10.2 Mapping Character Codes to Unicode Values
303 9.10.3 ToUnicode CMaps
306 10 Rendering
10.1 General
307 10.2 CIE-Based Colour to Device Colour
10.3 Conversions among Device Colour Spaces
10.3.1 General
308 10.3.2 Conversion between DeviceGray and DeviceRGB
10.3.3 Conversion between DeviceGray and DeviceCMYK
309 10.3.4 Conversion from DeviceRGB to DeviceCMYK
310 10.3.5 Conversion from DeviceCMYK to DeviceRGB
10.4 Transfer Functions
311 10.5 Halftones
10.5.1 General
312 10.5.2 Halftone Screens
10.5.3 Spot Functions
317 10.5.4 Threshold Arrays
318 10.5.5 Halftone Dictionaries
10.5.5.1 General
319 10.5.5.2 Type 1 Halftones
320 10.5.5.3 Type 6 Halftones
321 10.5.5.4 Type 10 Halftones
323 10.5.5.5 Type 16 Halftones
324 10.5.5.6 Type 5 Halftones
326 10.6 Scan Conversion Details
10.6.1 General
10.6.2 Flatness Tolerance
327 10.6.3 Smoothness Tolerance
10.6.4 Scan Conversion Rules
328 10.6.5 Automatic Stroke Adjustment
330 11 Transparency
11.1 General
11.2 Overview of Transparency
332 11.3 Basic Compositing Computations
11.3.1 General
11.3.2 Basic Notation for Compositing Computations
11.3.3 Basic Compositing Formula
333 11.3.4 Blending Colour Space
334 11.3.5 Blend Mode
338 11.3.6 Interpretation of Alpha
339 11.3.7 Shape and Opacity Computations
11.3.7.1 General
11.3.7.2 Source Shape and Opacity
340 11.3.7.3 Result Shape and Opacity
341 11.3.8 Summary of Basic Compositing Computations
342 11.4 Transparency Groups
11.4.1 General
11.4.2 Notation for Group Compositing Computations
344 11.4.3 Group Structure and Nomenclature
345 11.4.4 Group Compositing Computations
348 11.4.5 Isolated Groups
11.4.6 Knockout Groups
350 11.4.7 Page Group
351 11.4.8 Summary of Group Compositing Computations
352 11.5 Soft Masks
11.5.1 General
11.5.2 Deriving a Soft Mask from Group Alpha
353 11.5.3 Deriving a Soft Mask from Group Luminosity
354 11.6 Specifying Transparency in PDF
11.6.1 General
11.6.2 Specifying Source and Backdrop Colours
11.6.3 Specifying Blending Colour Space and Blend Mode
11.6.4 Specifying Shape and Opacity
11.6.4.1 General
355 11.6.4.2 Object Shape and Opacity
11.6.4.3 Mask Shape and Opacity
356 11.6.4.4 Constant Shape and Opacity
11.6.5 Specifying Soft Masks
11.6.5.1 General
11.6.5.2 Soft-Mask Dictionaries
357 11.6.5.3 Soft-Mask Images
359 11.6.6 Transparency Group XObjects
362 11.6.7 Patterns and Transparency
363 11.7 Colour Space and Rendering Issues
11.7.1 General
11.7.2 Colour Spaces for Transparency Groups
364 11.7.3 Spot Colours and Transparency
365 11.7.4 Overprinting and Transparency
11.7.4.1 General
11.7.4.2 Blend Modes and Overprinting
366 11.7.4.3 Compatibility with Opaque Overprinting
367 11.7.4.4 Special Path-Painting Considerations
368 11.7.4.5 Summary of Overprinting Behaviour
370 11.7.5 Rendering Parameters and Transparency
11.7.5.1 General
11.7.5.2 Halftone and Transfer Function
371 11.7.5.3 Rendering Intent and Colour Conversions
372 12 Interactive Features
12.1 General
12.2 Viewer Preferences
375 12.3 Document-Level Navigation
12.3.1 General
12.3.2 Destinations
12.3.2.1 General
376 12.3.2.2 Explicit Destinations
377 12.3.2.3 Named Destinations
12.3.3 Document Outline
380 12.3.4 Thumbnail Images
12.3.5 Collections
384 12.4 Page-Level Navigation
12.4.1 General
12.4.2 Page Labels
385 12.4.3 Articles
387 12.4.4 Presentations
12.4.4.1 General
390 12.4.4.2 Sub-page Navigation
391 12.5 Annotations
12.5.1 General
392 12.5.2 Annotation Dictionaries
394 12.5.3 Annotation Flags
396 12.5.4 Border Styles
397 12.5.5 Appearance Streams
399 12.5.6 Annotation Types
12.5.6.1 General
401 12.5.6.2 Markup Annotations
403 12.5.6.3 Annotation States
404 12.5.6.4 Text Annotations
12.5.6.5 Link Annotations
405 12.5.6.6 Free Text Annotations
407 12.5.6.7 Line Annotations
411 12.5.6.8 Square and Circle Annotations
412 12.5.6.9 Polygon and Polyline Annotations
413 12.5.6.10 Text Markup Annotations
414 12.5.6.11 Caret Annotations
12.5.6.12 Rubber Stamp Annotations
415 12.5.6.13 Ink Annotations
12.5.6.14 Pop-up Annotations
416 12.5.6.15 File Attachment Annotations
12.5.6.16 Sound Annotations
417 12.5.6.17 Movie Annotations
12.5.6.18 Screen Annotations
418 12.5.6.19 Widget Annotations
420 12.5.6.20 Printer’s Mark Annotations
12.5.6.21 Trap Network Annotations
12.5.6.22 Watermark Annotations
422 12.5.6.23 Redaction Annotations
424 12.6 Actions
12.6.1 General
12.6.2 Action Dictionaries
425 12.6.3 Trigger Events
427 12.6.4 Action Types
12.6.4.1 General
428 12.6.4.2 Go-To Actions
429 12.6.4.3 Remote Go-To Actions
12.6.4.4 Embedded Go-To Actions
432 12.6.4.5 Launch Actions
433 12.6.4.6 Thread Actions
12.6.4.7 URI Actions
435 12.6.4.8 Sound Actions
12.6.4.9 Movie Actions
436 12.6.4.10 Hide Actions
12.6.4.11 Named Actions
437 12.6.4.12 Set-OCG-State Actions
438 12.6.4.13 Rendition Actions
439 12.6.4.14 Transition Actions
12.6.4.15 Go-To-3D-View Actions
440 12.6.4.16 JavaScript Actions
12.7 Interactive Forms
12.7.1 General
441 12.7.2 Interactive Form Dictionary
442 12.7.3 Field Dictionaries
12.7.3.1 General
444 12.7.3.2 Field Names
12.7.3.3 Variable Text
446 12.7.3.4 Rich Text Strings
449 12.7.4 Field Types
12.7.4.1 General
12.7.4.2 Button Fields
12.7.4.2.1 General
450 12.7.4.2.2 Pushbuttons
12.7.4.2.3 Check Boxes
451 12.7.4.2.4 Radio Buttons
452 12.7.4.3 Text Fields
454 12.7.4.4 Choice Fields
456 12.7.4.5 Signature Fields
461 12.7.5 Form Actions
12.7.5.1 General
12.7.5.2 Submit-Form Action
465 12.7.5.3 Reset-Form Action
466 12.7.5.4 Import-Data Action
12.7.6 Named Pages
12.7.7 Forms Data Format
12.7.7.1 General
467 12.7.7.2 FDF File Structure
12.7.7.2.1 General
12.7.7.2.2 FDF Header
12.7.7.2.3 FDF Body
468 12.7.7.2.4 FDF Trailer
12.7.7.3 FDF Catalog
12.7.7.3.1 General
471 12.7.7.3.2 FDF Fields
473 12.7.7.3.3 FDF Pages
474 12.7.7.3.4 FDF Annotation Dictionaries
12.7.8 XFA Forms
476 12.8 Digital Signatures
12.8.1 General
480 12.8.2 Transform Methods
12.8.2.1 General
12.8.2.2 DocMDP
12.8.2.2.1 General
12.8.2.2.2 Validating Signatures That Use the DocMDP Transform Method
481 12.8.2.3 UR
483 12.8.2.4 FieldMDP
484 12.8.3 Signature Interoperability
12.8.3.1 General
12.8.3.2 PKCS#1 Signatures
485 12.8.3.3 PKCS#7 Signatures as used in ISO 32000
12.8.3.3.1 General
12.8.3.3.2 Revocation Information
486 12.8.4 Permissions
487 12.8.5 Legal Content Attestations
489 12.9 Measurement Properties
494 12.10 Document Requirements
12.10.1 General
495 12.10.2 Requirement Handlers
496 13 Multimedia Features
13.1 General
13.2 Multimedia
13.2.1 General
497 13.2.2 Viability
498 13.2.3 Renditions
13.2.3.1 General
501 13.2.3.2 Media Renditions
13.2.3.3 Selector Renditions
502 13.2.4 Media Clip Objects
13.2.4.1 General
13.2.4.2 Media Clip Data
504 13.2.4.3 Media Clip Section
506 13.2.5 Media Play Parameters
508 13.2.6 Media Screen Parameters
13.2.6.1 General
511 13.2.6.2 Media Offset Dictionary
512 13.2.6.3 Timespan Dictionary
13.2.7 Other Multimedia Objects
13.2.7.1 General
13.2.7.2 Media Players Dictionary
513 13.2.7.3 Media Player Info Dictionary
514 13.2.7.4 Software Identifier Dictionary
13.2.7.4.1 General
515 13.2.7.4.2 Software URIs
13.2.7.4.3 Version arrays
13.2.7.5 Monitor Specifier
516 13.3 Sounds
517 13.4 Movies
519 13.5 Alternate Presentations
521 13.6 3D Artwork
13.6.1 General
522 13.6.2 3D Annotations
526 13.6.3 3D Streams
13.6.3.1 General
527 13.6.3.2 3D Animation Style Dictionaries
528 13.6.3.3 3D Reference Dictionaries
531 13.6.4 3D Views
13.6.4.1 General
533 13.6.4.2 Projection Dictionaries
536 13.6.4.3 3D Background Dictionaries
537 13.6.4.4 3D Render Mode Dictionaries
540 13.6.4.5 3D Lighting Scheme Dictionaries
541 13.6.4.6 3D Cross Section Dictionaries
547 13.6.4.7 3D Node Dictionaries
551 13.6.5 Coordinate Systems for 3D
552 13.6.6 3D Markup
557 14 Document Interchange
14.1 General
14.2 Procedure Sets
558 14.3 Metadata
14.3.1 General
14.3.2 Metadata Streams
559 14.3.3 Document Information Dictionary
561 14.4 File Identifiers
14.5 Page-Piece Dictionaries
562 14.6 Marked Content
14.6.1 General
564 14.6.2 Property Lists
14.6.3 Marked Content and Clipping
566 14.7 Logical Structure
14.7.1 General
567 14.7.2 Structure Hierarchy
569 14.7.3 Structure Types
570 14.7.4 Structure Content
14.7.4.1 General
14.7.4.2 Marked-Content Sequences as Content Items
574 14.7.4.3 PDF Objects as Content Items
14.7.4.4 Finding Structure Elements from Content Items
577 14.7.5 Structure Attributes
14.7.5.1 General
14.7.5.2 Attribute Classes
578 14.7.5.3 Attribute Revision Numbers
14.7.5.4 User Properties
580 14.7.6 Example of Logical Structure
583 14.8 Tagged PDF
14.8.1 General
584 14.8.2 Tagged PDF and Page Content
14.8.2.1 General
585 14.8.2.2 Real Content and Artifacts
14.8.2.2.1 General
14.8.2.2.2 Specification of Artifacts
587 14.8.2.2.3 Incidental Artifacts
14.8.2.3 Page Content Order
14.8.2.3.1 General
588 14.8.2.3.2 Sequencing of Annotations
14.8.2.3.3 Reverse-Order Show Strings
589 14.8.2.4 Extraction of Character Properties
14.8.2.4.1 General
14.8.2.4.2 Unicode Mapping in Tagged PDF
14.8.2.4.3 Font Characteristics
591 14.8.2.5 Identifying Word Breaks
14.8.3 Basic Layout Model
593 14.8.4 Standard Structure Types
14.8.4.1 General
14.8.4.2 Grouping Elements
594 14.8.4.3 Block-Level Structure Elements
14.8.4.3.1 General
595 14.8.4.3.2 Paragraphlike Elements
14.8.4.3.3 List Elements
596 14.8.4.3.4 Table Elements
14.8.4.3.5 Usage Guidelines for Block-Level Structure
597 14.8.4.4 Inline-Level Structure Elements
14.8.4.4.1 General
599 14.8.4.4.2 Link Elements
601 14.8.4.4.3 Annotation Elements
14.8.4.4.4 Ruby and Warichu Elements
602 14.8.4.5 Illustration Elements
603 14.8.5 Standard Structure Attributes
14.8.5.1 General
14.8.5.2 Standard Attribute Owners
604 14.8.5.3 Attribute Values and Inheritance
605 14.8.5.4 Layout Attributes
14.8.5.4.1 General
606 14.8.5.4.2 General Layout Attributes
610 14.8.5.4.3 Layout Attributes for BLSEs
613 14.8.5.4.4 Layout Attributes for ILSEs
616 14.8.5.4.5 Content and Allocation Rectangles
617 14.8.5.4.6 Illustration Attributes
14.8.5.4.7 Column Attributes
618 14.8.5.5 List Attribute
619 14.8.5.6 PrintField Attributes
14.8.5.7 Table Attributes
620 14.9 Accessibility Support
14.9.1 General
621 14.9.2 Natural Language Specification
14.9.2.1 General
14.9.2.2 Language Identifiers
622 14.9.2.3 Language Specification Hierarchy
624 14.9.2.4 Multi-language Text Arrays
14.9.3 Alternate Descriptions
625 14.9.4 Replacement Text
626 14.9.5 Expansion of Abbreviations and Acronyms
14.10 Web Capture
14.10.1 General
627 14.10.2 Web Capture Information Dictionary
14.10.3 Content Database
14.10.3.1 General
629 14.10.3.2 URL Strings
630 14.10.3.3 Digital Identifiers
14.10.3.4 Unique Name Generation
631 14.10.4 Content Sets
14.10.4.1 General
14.10.4.2 Page Sets
632 14.10.4.3 Image Sets
633 14.10.5 Source Information
14.10.5.1 General
634 14.10.5.2 URL Alias Dictionaries
14.10.5.3 Command Dictionaries
636 14.10.5.4 Command Settings
637 14.10.6 Object Attributes Related to Web Capture
14.11 Prepress Support
14.11.1 General
14.11.2 Page Boundaries
14.11.2.1 General
640 14.11.2.2 Display of Page Boundaries
14.11.3 Printer’s Marks
642 14.11.4 Separation Dictionaries
643 14.11.5 Output Intents
645 14.11.6 Trapping Support
14.11.6.1 General
646 14.11.6.2 Trap Network Annotations
648 14.11.6.3 Trap Network Appearances
14.11.7 Open Prepress Interface (OPI)
653 Annex A (informative) Operator Summary
A.1 General
A.2 PDF Content Stream Operators
657 Annex B (normative) Operators in Type 4 Functions
B.1 General
B.2 Arithmetic Operators
B.3 Relational, Boolean, and Bitwise Operators
658 B.4 Conditional Operators
B.5 Stack Operators
659 Annex C (normative) Implementation Limits
C.1 General
C.2 Architectural limits
660 C.3 Memory limits
661 Annex D (normative) Character Sets and Encodings
D.1 General
663 D.2 Latin Character Set and Encodings
666 D.3 PDFDocEncoding Character Set
675 D.4 Expert Set and MacExpertEncoding
678 D.5 Symbol Set and Encoding
681 D.6 ZapfDingbats Set and Encoding
683 Annex E (normative) PDF Name Registry
E.1 General
E.2 Name Registry
685 Annex F (normative) Linearized PDF
F.1 General
686 F.2 Background and Assumptions
687 F.3 Linearized PDF Document Structure
F.3.1 General
689 F.3.2 Header (Part 1)
F.3.3 Linearization Parameter Dictionary (Part 2)
690 F.3.4 First-Page Cross-Reference Table and Trailer (Part 3)
691 F.3.5 Document Catalogue and Document-Level Objects (Part 4)
F.3.6 Hint Streams (Parts 5 and 10)
693 F.3.7 First-Page Section (Part 6)
694 F.3.8 Remaining Pages (Part 7)
F.3.9 Shared Objects (Part 8)
F.3.10 Other Objects (Part 9)
695 F.3.11 Main Cross-Reference and Trailer (Part 11)
696 F.4 Hint Tables
F.4.1 Page Offset Hint Table
699 F.4.2 Shared Object Hint Table
701 F.4.3 Thumbnail Hint Table
702 F.4.4 Generic Hint Tables
703 F.4.5 Extended Generic Hint Tables
F.4.6 Embedded File Stream Hint Tables
705 Annex G (informative) Linearized PDF Access Strategies
G.1 General
G.2 Opening at the First Page
G.3 Opening at an Arbitrary Page
706 G.4 Going to Another Page of an Open Document
707 G.5 Drawing a Page Incrementally
G.6 Following an Article Thread
G.7 Accessing an Updated File
709 Annex H (informative) Example PDF Files
H.1 General
H.2 Minimal PDF File
710 H.3 Simple Text String Example
712 H.4 Simple Graphics Example
714 H.5 Page Tree Example
718 H.6 Outline Hierarchy Example
720 H.7 Updating Example
721 H.7.1 Stage 1: Add Four Text Annotations
722 H.7.2 Stage 2: Modify Text of One Annotation
723 H.7.3 Stage 3: Delete Two Annotations
724 H.7.4 Stage 4: Add Three Annotations
725 H.8 Structured Elements That Describe Hierarchical Lists
726 H.8.1 Table of Contents
732 H.8.2 Nested Lists
737 Annex I (normative) PDF Versions and Compatibility
I.1 General
I.2 PDF Version Numbers
738 I.3 Feature Compatibility
739 Annex J (informative) FDF Rename Flag Implementation Example
J.1 General
J.2 Implementation Example
741 Annex K (informative) PostScript Compatibility – Transparent Imaging Model
K.1 General
K.2 Conversion
743 Annex L (informative) Colour Plates
L.1 Colour Plates
755 Bibliography
[1] ISO 15930-1:2001, Graphic technology – Prepress digital data exchange – Use of PDF – Part 1: Complete exchange using CMYK data (PDF/X-1 and PDF/X-1a).
[2] ISO 15930-3:2002, Graphic technology – Prepress digital data exchange – Use of PDF – Part 3: Complete exchange suitable for colour-managed workflows (PDF/X-3).
[3] ISO 15930-4:2003, Graphic technology – Prepress digital data exchange using PDF – Part 4: Complete exchange of CMYK and spot colour printing data using PDF 1.4 (PDF/X-1a).
[4] ISO 15930-5:2003, Graphic technology – Prepress digital data exchange using PDF – Part 5: Partial exchange of printing data using PDF 1.4 (PDF/X-2).
[5] ISO 15930-6:2003, Graphic technology – Prepress digital data exchange using PDF – Part 6: Complete exchange of printing data suitable for colour-managed workflows using PDF 1.4 (PDF/X-3).
[6] ISO 19005-1:2005, Document management – Electronic document file format for long-term preservation — Part 1: Use of PDF 1.4 (PDF/A-1) .
[7] ISO 24517-1:2007, Document management – Engineering document format using PDF – Part 1: Use of PDF 1.6 (PDF/E-1).
[8] PDF Reference, First Edition, version 1.0 (June 1993), Addison-Wesley, 0-201-62628-4.
[9] PDF Reference, First Edition Revised, version 1.1 (March 1996), Adobe Systems Incorporated.
[10] PDF Reference, First Edition Revised, version 1.2 (November 1996), Adobe Systems Incorporated.
[11] PDF Reference, Second Edition, version 1.3 (July 2000), Addison-Wesley, ISBN 0-201-61588-6.
[12] PDF Reference, Third Edition, version 1.4 (November 2001), Addison-Wesley, ISBN 0-201-75839-3.
[13] PDF Reference, Fourth Edition, version 1.5 (August 2003), Adobe Systems Incorporated (website only).
[14] PDF Reference, Fifth Edition, version 1.6 (December 2004), Adobe Press, ISBN 0-321-30474-8.
[15] PostScript Language Reference, Third Edition, Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA, 1999.
[16] Technical Note #5001, PostScript Language Document Structuring Conventions Specification, Version 3.0, Adobe Systems Incorporated.
[17] Technical Note #5044, Color Separation Conventions for PostScript Language Programs, Adobe Systems Incorporated.
[18] Aho, A. V., Hopcroft, J. E., and Ullman, J. D., Data Structures and Algorithms, Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA, 1983. Includes a discussion of balanced trees.
[19] Apple Computer, Inc., TrueType Reference Manual. Available on Apple’s Web site at .
756 [20] Arvo, J. (ed.), Graphics Gems II, Academic Press, 1994. The section “Geometrically Continuous Cubic Bézier Curves” by Hans-Peter Seidel describes the mathematics used to smoothly join two cubic Bézier curves.
[21] Cascading Style Sheets, level 2 (CSS2) Specification, .
[22] CIP4. See International Cooperation for the Integration of Processes in Prepress, Press and Postpress.
[23] Ecma International, Standard ECMA-363, Universal 3D File Format, 1st Edition. This document is available at .
[24] Extensible Stylesheet Language (XSL) 1.0, .
[25] Fairchild, M. D., Color Appearance Models, Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA, 1997. Covers color vision, basic colorimetry, color…
[26] Foley, J. D. et al., Computer Graphics: Principles and Practice, Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA, 1996. (First edition was Fole…
[27] Glassner, A. S. (ed.), Graphics Gems, Academic Press, 1993. The section “An Algorithm for Automatically Fitting Digitized C…
[28] Hewlett-Packard Corporation, PANOSE Classification Metrics Guide. Available on the Agfa Monotype Web site at .
[29] HTML 4.01 Specification, .
[30] Hunt, R. W. G., The Reproduction of Colour, 5th ed., Fisher Books, England, 1996. A comprehensive general reference on color reproduction; includes an introduction to the CIE system.
[31] Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, IEEE Standard for Binary Floating-Point Arithmetic (IEEE 754-1985).
[32] International Cooperation for the Integration of Processes in Prepress, Press and Postpress (CIP4), JDF Specification, Version 1.2. Available through the CIP4 Web site at .
[33] Kirk, D. (ed.), Graphics Gems III, Academic Press, 1994. The section “Interpolation Using Bézier Curves” by Gershon Elber c…
[34] Lunde, K., CJKV Information Processing, O’Reilly & Associates, Sebastopol, CA, 1999. Excellent background material on CMaps, character sets, encodings, and the like.
[35] Microsoft Corporation, TrueType 1.0 Font Files Technical Specification. Available at .
757 [36] Porter, T. and Duff, T., “Compositing Digital Images,” Computer Graphics, Vol. 18 No. 3, July 1984. Computer Graphics is the newsletter of the ACM’s special interest group SIGGRAPH; for more information, see .
[37] RSA Security, Inc. This document, among others related to encryption and digital signatures, is available at : PKCS #1 – RSA Cryptography Standard .
[38] Scalable Vector Graphics (SVG) 1.0 Specification, .
[39] Synchronized Multimedia Integration Language (SMIL 2.0), .
[40] Web Content Accessibility Guidelines 1.0, .
[41] XHTML 1.0: The Extensible HyperText Markup Language, .

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