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BSI PD 6694-1:2011+A1:2020:2022 Edition

BSI PD 6694-1:2011+A1:2020:2022 Edition

$198.66

Recommendations for the design of structures subject to traffic loading to BS EN 1997-1:2004+A1:2013

Published By Publication Date Number of Pages
BSI 2022 70
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PDF Catalog

PDF Pages PDF Title
6 Foreword
9 0 Introduction
1 Scope
2 Normative references
10 3 Terms, definitions, symbols and abbreviations
11 Table 1 — Latin letters
12 Table 2 — Greek letters
Table 3 — Abbreviations
4 Basis of design
4.1 Geotechnical category
4.2 Design methods
13 4.3 Actions
4.4 Dispersion of vertical loads through the fill
4.5 The serviceability limit state
4.6 Treatment of permanent actions arising from a single source
14 4.7 Model factors on earth pressure coefficients
15 4.8 Constant volume (critical state) angles of shearing resistance
5 Spread foundations
5.1 Horizontal earth pressures to be used for the design of spread foundations
16 5.2 Bearing resistance
5.3 Drained and undrained bearing resistance
17 5.4 Sliding
6 Piled foundations
6.1 Piles subject to horizontal loading
6.2 Design of pile groups
18 7 Gravity bridge abutments and retaining structures
7.1 Backfill parameters
7.2 Earth pressures
19 Table 4 — Values of Ka for a vertical face when δ = β
20 Figure 1 — Earth pressure on retaining structures
21 7.3 Earth pressures for structural analysis
22 7.4 Ductile structures and brittle failure modes
7.5 Movement required to generate passive pressure
23 7.6 Horizontal earth pressure due to traffic loading on earth retaining structures
24 Table 5 — Simplified traffic surcharge model for walls and other retaining structures adjacent to the carriageway, where the traffic does not cross over the structure
25 Table 6 — Simplified traffic surcharge model for abutments
26 Figure 2 — Horizontal surcharge model for abutments
27 Figure 3 — Lateral and vertical dispersion of finite line loads for calculating horizontal surcharge pressure
28 7.7 Hydrostatic pressure
29 8 Embedded walls
9 Integral bridges
9.1 General
9.2 Methods of analysis
30 9.3 Types of abutment for integral construction
32 Figure 4 — Types of abutment for integral bridge construction
33 9.4 Earth pressures behind integral abutments and end screen walls
Table 7 — Maximum (unfavourable) vaues of Kp;t
35 Figure 5 — Earth pressure distributions for abutments which accommodate thermal expansion by rotation and/or flexure
38 Figure 6 — Pressure coefficient envelope
39 9.5 Longitudinal loads
9.6 Thermal distortions
9.7 Foundations
40 9.8 Skew effects
41 Figure 7 — Twisting of skewed structure
9.9 Wing walls
42 Figure 8 — Equilibrium of horizontal earth wedge behind skew abutment
9.10 Backfill
44 10 Buried concrete structures
10.1 General
Figure 9 — Symbols for typical buried box structure
10.2 Actions applied to buried concrete structures
46 Figure 10 — Transverse load dispersion
47 Figure 11 — Transverse load/metre where two dispersion zones overlap
48 10.3 Design of foundations
49 10.4 Skew
50 10.5 Longitudinal joints
10.6 Stages to be analysed
51 Annex A (informative)  Method for determining the earth pressures on integral abutments using a soil‑structure interaction analysis
54 Figure A.1 — Variation in soil shear modulus factor (RF;G) with d’d/H’ assuming densification to 90%
55 Figure A.2 — Values of H’ and d’d and illustration of earth pressures
57 Annex B (informative)  Cases to be considered for buried concrete structures design
59 Figure B.1 — Maximum vertical load with maximum horizontal load
Table B.1 — Directly determined design values of the earth pressure coefficient K that may be applied at various limit states (Figure B.1)
60 Figure B.2 — Minimum vertical load with maximum horizontal load
Table B.2 — Directly determined design values of the earth pressure coefficient K that may be applied at various limit states (Figure B.2)
61 Figure B.3 — Maximum vertical load with minimum horizontal load
Table B.3 — Directly determined design values of the earth pressure coefficient K that may be applied at various limit states (Figure B.3)
62 Figure B.4 — Braking and acceleration with maximum vertical load and active pressure
63 Table B.4 — Directly determined design values of the earth pressure coefficient K that may be applied at various limit states (Figure B.4)
Figure B.5 — Braking and acceleration with minimum vertical load and active pressures
64 Table B.5 — Directly determined design values of the earth pressure coefficient K that may be applied at various states (Figure B.5)
65 Figure B.6 — Sliding
66 Table B.6 — Directly determined design values of the earth pressure coefficient K that may be applied at various limit states (Figure B.6)
67 Bibliography

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BSI PD 6694-1:2011+A1:2020
$198.66