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BSI PD CLC/TS 50654-1:2020

BSI PD CLC/TS 50654-1:2020

$215.11

HVDC Grid Systems and connected Converter Stations. Guideline and Parameter Lists for Functional Specifications – Guidelines

Published By Publication Date Number of Pages
BSI 2020 128
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1.1 General

These Guidelines and Parameter Lists to Functional Specifications describe specific functional requirements for HVDC Grid Systems. The terminology “HVDC Grid Systems” is used here describing HVDC systems for power transmission having more than two converter stations connected to a common DC circuit.

While this document focuses on requirements, that are specific for HVDC Grid Systems, some requirements are considered applicable to all HVDC systems in general, i.e. including point-to-point HVDC systems. Existing IEC, Cigré or other documents relevant have been used for reference as far as possible.

Corresponding to electric power transmission applications, this document is applicable to high voltage systems, i.e. having typically nominal DC voltages higher than 50 kV with respect to earth are considered in this document.

NOTE While the physical principles of DC networks are basically voltage independent, the technical options for designing equipment get much wider with lower DC voltage levels, e.g. in case of converters or switchgear.

Both parts have the same outline and headlines to aid the reader.

PDF Catalog

PDF Pages PDF Title
2 undefined
10 1 Scope
1.1 General
1.2 About the Present Release
11 2 Normative references
12 3 Terms, definitions and abbreviations
3.1 Terms and definitions
14 3.2 Abbreviations
15 4 Coordination of HVDC Grid System and AC Systems
4.1 General
4.2 Purpose of the HVDC Grid System and Power Network Diagram
16 4.3 AC/DC Power Flow Optimisation
17 4.4 Converter Operational Functions
4.4.1 General
4.4.2 Basic Operation Functions – Converter Normal Operation State
4.4.2.1 General
4.4.2.2 AC System Frequency by a Frequency / Power Droop
18 4.4.2.3 DC Voltage / DC Power Droop
4.4.3 Basic Operation Functions – Converter Abnormal Operation State
4.4.3.1 General
19 4.4.3.2 Network Conditions and Power Flow Requirements
4.4.3.3 Abnormal AC Voltage Conditions
20 4.4.4 Ancillary Services
4.4.4.1 General
4.4.4.2 Frequency Control Related Services
22 4.4.4.3 AC Voltage Control Related Services
23 4.4.4.4 Power Oscillation Damping Services
4.4.4.5 System Restoration Services
25 5 HVDC Grid System Characteristics
5.1 HVDC Circuit Topologies
5.1.1 Availability and Reliability
5.1.2 Basic Characteristics and Nomenclature
29 5.1.3 Attributes of HVDC Grid Systems or HVDC Grid Sub-Systems
5.1.3.1 Number of HV Poles
5.1.3.2 DC Circuit Earthing
30 5.1.4 Attributes of a Station
5.1.4.1 Connection to HV Poles
5.1.4.2 Neutral Return Path
31 5.1.4.3 Station Earthing
5.2 Connection Modes
5.3 Grid Operating States
5.3.1 General
5.3.2 Normal State
5.3.3 Alert State
5.3.4 Emergency State
5.3.5 Blackout State
32 5.3.6 Restoration
5.4 DC Voltages
5.4.1 General
5.4.2 Nominal DC System Voltage
5.4.3 Steady-State DC Voltage
33 5.4.4 Temporary DC Voltage
34 5.4.5 Neutral Bus Voltages
35 5.5 Insulation Coordination
5.6 Short-Circuit Characteristics
5.6.1 Calculation of Short-Circuit Currents in HVDC Grid Systems
36 5.6.2 Short-Circuit Current Design Requirements
5.7 Steady-State Voltage and Current Distortions
5.7.1 Voltage and Current Distortion Limits
38 5.7.2 Frequency Dependent DC System Impedance
39 5.8 DC System Restoration
5.8.1 General
5.8.2 Post DC Fault Recovery
5.8.3 Restoration from Blackout
6 HVDC Grid System Control
6.1 Closed-Loop Control Functions
6.1.1 General
40 6.1.2 Core Control Functions
6.1.3 Coordinating Control Functions
6.2 Controller Hierarchy
6.2.1 General
41 6.2.2 Internal Converter Control
42 6.2.3 DC Node Voltage Control
43 6.2.4 Coordinated HVDC Grid System Control
6.2.4.1 General
6.2.4.2 Autonomous Adaptation Control
44 6.2.4.3 DC Grid Control
45 6.2.5 AC/DC Grid Control
46 6.3 Propagation of Information
47 6.4 Open-Loop Controls
6.4.1 Coordination of Connection Modes between Stations and their PoC-DCs
6.4.2 Operating Sequences for HVDC Grid System Installations
48 6.4.3 Post DC Fault Recovery
49 7 HVDC Grid System Protection
7.1 General
7.2 DC Fault Separation
50 7.3 Protection System Related Installations and Equipment
7.3.1 AC/DC Converter Station
7.3.2 HVDC Grid System Topology and Equipment
51 7.4 HVDC Grid System Protection Zones
7.4.1 General
53 7.4.2 Permanent Stop P
55 7.4.3 Permanent Stop PQ
56 7.4.4 Temporary Stop P
58 7.4.5 Temporary Stop PQ
7.4.6 Continued Operation
60 7.4.7 Example of a Protection Zone Matrix
61 7.5 DC Protection
7.5.1 General
62 7.5.2 DC Converter Protections
7.5.3 HVDC Grid System Protections
7.5.3.1 General
63 7.5.3.2 Protection Schemes Based on Communication
7.5.3.3 Protection Scheme without Communication
7.5.4 DC Grid Protection Communication
64 8 AC/DC Converter Stations
8.1 Introduction
8.2 AC/DC Converter Station Types
65 8.3 Overall Requirements
8.3.1 Robustness of AC/DC Converter Stations
8.3.2 Availability and Reliability
66 8.3.3 Active Power Reversal
8.4 Main Circuit Design
8.4.1 General Characteristics
8.4.1.1 Station Topology
8.4.1.2 Active and Reactive Power Characteristics
67 8.4.1.3 Energisation
8.4.1.4 Energy Dissipation/Absorption Capability
8.4.2 DC Side
8.4.2.1 DC Connection
71 8.4.2.2 DC Voltages
8.4.2.3 DC Insulation Levels
8.4.2.4 DC Fault Ride Through Behaviour
72 8.4.2.5 Capability of Switching and Breaking DC Currents
74 8.4.2.6 Fault Current Levels DC Side
75 8.4.2.7 System Restoration DC Side
8.4.2.8 Steady State DC Voltage and Current Distortion
8.4.2.9 Frequency Dependent DC System Impedance
76 8.4.3 AC Side
8.4.3.1 AC Voltages
8.4.3.2 AC Fault Ride Through Behaviour
8.4.3.3 AC Frequency
8.4.3.4 Fault Current Contribution AC Side
77 8.4.3.5 Capability of Switching/Breaking AC Currents
8.5 Controls
8.5.1 General
8.5.2 Automated vs. Manual Operation
8.5.3 Control Modes & Support of Coordination
8.5.4 Limitation Strategies
8.5.5 Operating Sequences for AC/DC Converter Station
80 8.5.6 Dynamic Behaviour
8.5.6.1 Step Responses
8.5.6.2 Stability Criteria
81 8.6 Protection
8.6.1 General
8.6.2 Configuration Requirements
8.6.3 Function Requirements
8.6.3.1 Converter Unit Protection Zone
82 8.6.3.2 DC Line Protection Zone
83 8.6.4 DC Grid Interface
8.6.5 Fault Separation Strategy for Faults inside the AC/DC Converter Station
84 8.6.6 Coordination of the DC Protection with the HVDC Grid System
8.6.7 Example for Coordination of the DC Protection with the HVDC Grid System
86 9 HVDC Grid System Installations
9.1 General
89 9.2 DC Switching Station
9.2.1 Overall Requirements
9.2.1.1 Coordination and Communication
9.2.1.2 Availability and Reliability
90 9.2.2 Main Circuit Design
9.2.2.1 General Characteristics
91 9.2.2.2 DC Side
100 9.2.2.3 AC Side
9.2.3 Controls
9.2.3.1 General
9.2.3.2 Automated vs. Manual Operation
101 9.2.3.3 Control Modes & Support of Coordination
9.2.3.4 Limitation Strategies
9.2.3.5 Operating Sequences for DC Switching Station
9.2.3.6 Dynamic Behaviour
9.2.4 Protection
9.2.4.1 General
9.2.4.2 Configuration Requirements
102 9.2.4.3 Function Requirements
9.2.4.4 DC Grid Interface
103 9.2.4.5 Fault Separation Strategy for Faults inside the DC Switching Station
9.2.4.6 Coordination of the DC Protection with the HVDC Grid System
9.2.4.7 Example for Coordination of the DC Protection with the HVDC Grid System
104 9.3 Transmission Lines and Transition Stations
9.4 DC/DC Converter Stations
9.5 DC Line Power Flow Controllers
10 Models and Validation
10.1 Introduction
10.2 HVDC Grid System Studies
10.2.1 Type of Studies
106 10.2.2 Tools and Methods
10.3 Model General Specifications
10.3.1 Introductory note
10.3.2 Model Capability
107 10.3.3 Model Format and Data Type
10.3.4 Model Aggregation
10.4 Model Specific Recommendations
10.4.1 Load Flow Models
108 10.4.2 Short-Circuit Models
10.4.3 Protection System Models
10.4.4 Insulation Coordination Related Models
109 10.4.5 Electromechanical Transient Models
10.4.6 Electromagnetic Transient Models
110 10.4.7 Power Quality Models
111 10.5 Model Validation
113 10.6 Compliance Simulation
10.7 Outputs/Results
10.7.1 Model Data
10.7.2 Model Documentation
114 10.7.3 Model Example
10.7.4 Model Compliance Documentation
10.7.5 Model Validation Documentation – Model Final Version
10.7.6 Model Guarantee
11 HVDC Grid System Integration Tests
115 11.1 Off-Site Testing of the HVDC Control and Protection System
116 11.2 Dynamic Performance Study/Tests (DPS) Performed with Offline Models
11.2.1 DPS Simulations in a Multi-Vendor Environment
117 11.2.2 DPS Simulations Scenarios
11.3 Factory Tests
11.3.1 General
11.3.2 Factory Test Scenarios
118 11.3.3 Factory Tests when Existing System C&P Replicas are Available
11.3.3.1 C&P Replicas of the Existing Equipment
119 11.3.3.2 Factory Tests with the New Equipment
121 11.3.4 Factory Tests when Existing System C&P Replicas are not Available
11.3.4.1 C&P Models of Existing Systems Running in Real-Time
11.3.4.2 Factory Test with the New Equipment
123 11.4 On Site Testing

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BSI PD CLC/TS 50654-1:2020
$215.11