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BSI PD IEC TR 60479-4:2020

BSI PD IEC TR 60479-4:2020

$167.15

Effects of current on human beings and livestock – Effects of lightning strokes

Published By Publication Date Number of Pages
BSI 2020 36
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This part of IEC 60479 summarizes the basic parameters for lightning and its variability insofar as they apply to human beings and livestock.

The possible direct and indirect interactions of strikes with bodies of living beings are indicated.

The resulting effects caused by lightning currents for the organism are described.

This document shows the differences of effects on human beings and livestock due to lightning strokes versus those effects of electric shocks derived from electrical systems.

PDF Catalog

PDF Pages PDF Title
2 undefined
4 CONTENTS
6 FOREWORD
8 INTRODUCTION
9 1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Terms and definitions
3.1 Definitions of technical terms
11 3.2 Definitions of interactions
4 Basic physics of lightning
4.1 General
12 Figures
Figure 1 – Categorization of lightning types [4]
13 4.2 Lightning occurrence
14 4.3 Lightning flash characteristics
4.4 Primary and secondary injuries
Figure 2 – High resolution full climatology (HRFC)
15 4.5 Summary
5 Interaction of strokes with human beings and livestock
5.1 General
16 5.2 Strike mechanisms
5.2.1 Description of direct strike
Figure 3 – Direct strike
17 5.2.2 Description of contact voltage
Figure 4 – Direct strike with no flashover and then with flashover
Figure 5 – Contact potential
18 5.2.3 Description of side flash
5.2.4 Description of step voltage
Figure 6 – Side flash
19 5.2.4 Description of streamer current
Figure 7 – Earth potential versus distance from the stroke base –10 kA stroke, with earth resistivity 100 Ωm
20 Figure 8 – Examples of step voltages, assuming a uniform earthof constant resistivity, and no surface flashover
21 5.3 Specific matters regarding body response
Figure 9 – Upward streamer
Figure 10 – Current in establishment and in collapse of upward streamer
22 6 Effects of lightning strokes on the body of living beings
6.1 General comments on effects on the body
24 Tables
Table 1 – Lightning injury and physical symptoms [8], [9], [10], [11], [12], [13], [17]
25 6.2 Comments on specific syndromes
6.2.1 Keraunoparalysis
6.2.2 Burns
26 6.2.3 Comparison between effects of electric shock derived from electrical systems and lightning
27 Table 2 – Comparison of electrical and lightning injury [30], [34], [35], [40]
28 7 Present considerations of causation
7.1 Under investigation
7.2 Electrical effects
7.3 Thermal, field and radiation effects
7.4 Traumatic injury
29 7.5 Barotrauma
7.6 Release of hormones
8 Individual and crowd safety procedures
8.1 General – “No place outdoors is safe”
8.2 Individual actions
8.3 Basic principles
8.3.1 General
30 8.3.2 Individual lightning safety in the outdoors (NOAA recommendations)
8.3.3 Safe practice indoors
31 8.4 Safety procedures for crowds
32 Bibliography

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BSI PD IEC TR 60479-4:2020
$167.15