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BSI PD IEC TR 61292-6:2023

BSI PD IEC TR 61292-6:2023

$142.49

Optical amplifiers – Distributed Raman amplification

Published By Publication Date Number of Pages
BSI 2023 30
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PDF Catalog

PDF Pages PDF Title
2 undefined
4 CONTENTS
6 FOREWORD
8 INTRODUCTION
9 1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Terms, definitions, and abbreviated terms
3.1 Terms and definitions
3.2 Abbreviated terms
10 4 Background
4.1 General
4.2 Raman amplification process
11 Figures
Figure 1 ā€“ Stimulated Raman scattering process andRaman gain spectrum for silica fibres
12 4.3 Distributed vs. lumped amplification
Figure 2 ā€“ Distributed vs. lumped amplification
13 4.4 Tailoring the Raman gain spectrum
4.5 Forward and backward pumping configuration
Figure 3 ā€“ The use of multiple pump wavelengths to achieve flat broadband gain
14 Figure 4 ā€“ Simulation results showing pump and signal propagation along an SMF span
15 4.6 Typical performance of DRA
Figure 5 ā€“ On-off gain and equivalent NF for SMF using a dual pumpbackward DRA with pumps at 1 424 nm and 1 452 nm
16 5 Applications of distributed Raman amplification
5.1 General
5.2 All-Raman systems
17 5.3 Hybrid EDFA Raman systems
5.3.1 General
5.3.2 Long repeaterless links
Figure 6 ā€“ Typical configuration of an amplification site in an all-Raman system
18 5.3.3 Long span masking in multi-span links
5.3.4 High capacity long haul and ultra-long-haul systems
6 Performance characteristics and test methods
6.1 General
6.2 Performance of the Raman pump module
6.2.1 Basic configuration
19 6.2.2 Pump wavelengths
6.2.3 Pump output power
6.2.4 Pump degree-of-polarization (DOP)
Figure 7 ā€“ Typical configuration of a Raman pump module usedfor counter-propagating DRA
20 6.2.5 Pump relative intensity noise (RIN)
6.2.6 Insertion loss
Figure 8 ā€“ Model for signal insertion loss (IL) of a Raman pump moduleused for counter-propagating DRA
21 6.2.7 Other passive characteristics
6.3 System level performance
6.3.1 General
6.3.2 On-off signal gain
22 6.3.3 Gain flatness
Figure 9 ā€“ Typical configuration used to measure on-off gain of DRA
23 6.3.4 Polarization dependant gain (PDG)
6.3.5 Equivalent noise figure
6.3.6 Multi-path interference (MPI)
24 7 Operational issues
7.1 General
7.2 Dependence of Raman gain on transmission fibre
25 7.3 Fibre line quality
7.4 High pump power issues
7.4.1 General
Figure 10 ā€“ Variations of Raman on-off gain for different transmission fibres
26 7.4.2 Laser safety
7.4.3 Damage to the fibre line
27 8 Conclusions
28 Bibliography

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BSI PD IEC TR 61292-6:2023
$142.49