🔥🔥 Don’t Miss Out on Our End of Autumn Sale. If you have any questions, feel free to click the bottom right corner to contact our customer service..

Concat us[email protected]
Shopping Cart

No products in the cart.

🔍
BSI PD IEC TR 62681:2022

BSI PD IEC TR 62681:2022

$210.31

Electromagnetic performance of high voltage direct current (HVDC) overhead transmission lines

Published By Publication Date Number of Pages
BSI 2022 102
PDF Format Searchable Printable Preview Now
Guaranteed Safe Checkout
Categories: ,

If you have any questions, feel free to reach out to our online customer service team by clicking on the bottom right corner. We’re here to assist you 24/7.
Email:[email protected]

PDF Catalog

PDF Pages PDF Title
2 undefined
4 CONTENTS
8 FOREWORD
10 INTRODUCTION
11 1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Terms and definitions
12 4 Electric field and ion current
4.1 Description of the physical phenomena
13 Figures
Figure 1 – Monopolar and bipolar space charge regions of an HVDC transmission line [1]
16 4.2 Calculation methods
4.2.1 General
17 4.2.2 Semi-analytic method
19 4.2.3 Finite element method
20 4.2.4 BPA method
4.2.5 Empirical methods of EPRI
21 4.2.6 Recent progress
22 4.3 Experimental data
4.3.1 General
4.3.2 Instrumentation and measurement methods
24 4.3.3 Experimental results for electric field and ion current
4.3.4 Discussion
25 4.4 Implication for human and nature
4.4.1 General
4.4.2 Static electric field
26 4.4.3 Research on space charge
31 4.4.4 Scientific review
33 4.5 Design practice of different countries
Tables
Table 1 – Electric field and ion current limits of ±800 kV DC lines in China
Table 2 – Electric field limits of DC lines in United States of America [121]
Table 3 – Electric field and ion current limits of DC lines in Canada
Table 4 – Electric field limits of DC lines in Brazil
34 5 Magnetic field
5.1 Description of physical phenomena
5.2 Magnetic field of HVDC transmission lines
35 6 Radio interference
6.1 Description of radio interference phenomena of HVDC transmission system
6.1.1 General
6.1.2 Physical aspects of DC corona
Figure 2 – Lateral profile of magnetic field on the ground of ±800 kV HVDC lines
36 6.1.3 Mechanism of formation of a noise field of DC line
6.1.4 Characteristics of radio interference from DC line
Figure 3 – The corona current I and radio interference magnetic field H
37 6.1.5 Factors influencing the RI from DC line
39 6.2 Calculation methods
6.2.1 EPRI empirical formula
40 6.2.2 IREQ empirical method
41 6.2.3 CISPR bipolar line RI prediction formula
Table 5 – Parameters of the IREQ excitation function (Monopolar) [122]
Table 6 – Parameters of the IREQ excitation function (Bipolar) [122]
42 6.3 Experimental data
6.3.1 Measurement apparatus and methods
6.3.2 Experimental results for radio interference
6.4 Criteria of different countries
43 7 Audible noise
7.1 Basic principles of audible noise
Figure 4 – RI tolerance tests: reception quality as a function of signal-to-noise ratio
44 Figure 5 – Attenuation of different weighting networks usedin audible-noise measurements [16]
45 7.2 Description of physical phenomena
7.2.1 General
46 7.2.2 Lateral profiles
Figure 6 – Comparison of typical audible noise frequency spectra [132]
47 Figure 7 – Lateral profiles of the AN
Figure 8 – Lateral profiles of the AN from a bipolar HVDC-line equipped with 8 × 4,6 cm (8 × 1,8 in) conductor bundles energized with ±1 050 kV [134]
48 Figure 9 – Lateral profiles of fair-weather A-weighted sound level [132]
49 7.2.3 Statistical distribution
Figure 10 – All weather distribution of AN and RI at +15 m lateral distance of the positive pole from the upgraded Pacific NW/SW HVDC Intertie [34]
50 7.2.4 Influencing factors
Figure 11 – Statistical distributions of fair-weather A-weighted sound level measuredat 27 m lateral distance from the line centre during spring 1980
52 7.2.5 Effect of altitude above sea level
7.2.6 Concluding remarks
7.3 Calculation methods
7.3.1 General
7.3.2 Theoretical analysis of audible noise propagation
53 7.3.3 Empirical formulas of audible noise
54 7.3.4 Semi-empirical formulas of audible noise
56 Table 7 – Parameters defining regression equation for generated acoustic power density [8]
57 7.3.5 Concluding remarks
7.4 Experimental data
7.4.1 Measurement techniques and instrumentation
7.4.2 Experimental results for audible noise
58 7.5 Design practice of different countries
7.5.1 General
7.5.2 The effect of audible noise on people
7.5.3 The audible noise level and induced complaints
59 Figure 12 – Audible noise complaint guidelines [14] in USA
Figure 13 – Measured lateral profile of audible noiseon a 330 kV AC transmission line [152]
60 Figure 14 – Subjective evaluation of DC transmission line audible noise; EPRI test centre study 1974 [14]
Figure 15 – Subjective evaluation of DC transmission line audible noise; OSU study 1975 [14]
61 Figure 16 – Results of the operators’ subjective evaluation of AN from HVDC lines
Figure 17 – Results of subjective evaluation of AN from DC lines
62 7.5.4 Limit values of audible noise of HVDC transmission lines in different countries
7.5.5 General national noise limits
63 Table 8 – Typical sound attenuation (in decibels) provided by buildings [158]
64 Annex A (informative) Experimental results for electric field and ion current
A.1 Bonneville Power Administration ±500 kV HVDC transmission line
A.2 FURNAS ±600 kV HVDC transmission line
Table A.1 – BPA ±500 kV line: statistical summary of all-weather ground-level electric field intensity and ion current density [34]
65 A.3 Manitoba Hydro ±450 kV HVDC transmission line
Table A.2 – FURNAS ±600 kV line: statistical summary of ground-level electric field intensity and ion current density [38]
66 Figure A.1 – Electric field and ion current distributionsfor Manitoba Hydro ±450 kV Line [39]
Figure A.2 – Cumulative distribution of electric fieldfor Manitoba Hydro ±450 kV Line [39]
67 A.4 Hydro-Québec – New England ±450 kV HVDC transmission line
Figure A.3 – Cumulative distribution of ion current densityfor Manitoba Hydro ±450 kV line [39]
68 A.5 IREQ test line study of ±450 kV HVDC line configuration
Table A.3 – Hydro-Québec–New England ±450 kV HVDC transmission line.Bath, NH; 1990-1992 (fair weather), 1992 (rain), All-season measurements of static electric E-field in kV/m [41]
Table A.4 – Hydro-Québec – New England ±450 kV HVDC Transmission Line.Bath, NH; 1990-1992, All-season fair-weather measurements of ion concentrations in kions/cm3 [41]
69 A.6 HVTRC test line study of ±400 kV HVDC line configuration
Table A.5 – IREQ ±450 kV test line: statistical summary of ground-level electric field intensity and ion current density [43]
70 A.7 Test study in China
Table A.6 – HVTRC ±400 kV test line: statistical summary of peak electric field and ion currents [44]
71 Figure A.4 – Test result for total electric field at different humidity [119]
Table A.7 – Statistical results for the test data of total electricfield at ground (50 % value) [119]
72 Figure A.5 – Comparison between the calculation result and test resultfor the total electric field (minimum conductor height is 18 m) [119]
73 Annex B (informative) Experimental results for radio interference
B.1 Bonneville power administration’s 1 100 kV direct current test project
Figure B.1 – Connection for 3-section DC test line [124]
74 Figure B.2 – Typical RI lateral profile at ±600 kV, 4 × 30,5 mm conductor,11,2 m pole spacing, 15,2 m average height [14]
Figure B.3 – Simultaneous RI lateral, midspan, in clear weather andlight wind for three configurations, bipolar ±400 kV [124]
75 Figure B.4 – RI at 0,834 MHz as a function of bipolar line voltage 4 × 30,5 mmconductor, 11,2 m pole spacing, 15,2 m average height
Figure B.5 – Percent cumulative distribution for fair weather,2 × 46 mm, 18,3 m pole spacing, ±600 kV
76 Figure B.6 – Percent cumulative distribution for rainy weather, 2 × 46 mm,18,3 m pole spacing, ±600 kV
Figure B.7 – Percent cumulative distribution for fair weather, 4 × 30,5 mm,13,2 m pole spacing, ±600 kV
77 Figure B.8 – Percent cumulative distribution for rainy weather, 4 × 30,5 mm,13,2 m pole spacing, ±600 kV
Table B.1 – Influence of wind on RI
78 Figure B.9 – Radio interference frequency spectrum
Figure B.10 – RI vs. frequency at ±400 kV [124]
79 B.2 Hydro-Québec institute of research
Figure B.11 – Cumulative distribution of RI measured at 15 m from the positive pole [125]
80 Figure B.12 – Conducted RI frequency spectrum measured with the line terminated at one end [125]
Table B.2 – Statistical representation of the long term RI performance of the tested conductor bundle [125]
81 B.3 DC lines of China
Figure B.13 – Lateral profile of RI [125]
Table B.3 – RI at 0,5 MHz at lateral 20 m from positive pole (fair weather)
82 Figure B.14 – Comparison between calculation result and test result for RI lateral profile [119]
Table B.4 – The parameters of test lines
83 Figure B.15 – The curve with altitude of the RI on positive reduced-scale test lines
Table B.5 – Measured results of 0,5 MHz RI forthe full-scale test lines at different altitudes
84 Annex C (informative)Experimental results for audible noise
85 Figure C.1 – Examples of statistical distributions of fair weather audible noise. dB(A) measured at 27 m from line centre of a bipolar HVDC test line [16]
86 Table C.1 – Audible Noise Levels of HVDC Lines according to [121] and [153]
87 Figure C.2 – AN under the positive polar test lines varying with altitude
Table C.2 – Test results of 50 % AN statistics for full-scale test lines
88 Bibliography

Related products

BSI PD IEC TR 62681:2022
$210.31