FEMA 306 98 1998
$50.05
FEMA 306 – Evaluation of Earthquake Damaged Concrete and Masonry Wall Buildings: Basic Procedures Manual
| Published By | Publication Date | Number of Pages |
| FEMA | 1998 | 270 |
PDF Catalog
| PDF Pages | PDF Title |
|---|---|
| 3 | Preface |
| 5 | Table of Contents |
| 9 | List of Figures |
| 11 | List of Tables |
| 13 | List of Test and Inspection Guides |
| 15 | List of Component Damage Classification Guides |
| 17 | Prologue What have we learned? |
| 18 | What does it mean? |
| 21 | 1. Introduction and Overview 1.1 Purpose 1.2 Scope |
| 22 | Figure 1 1 Global Displacement Capacities for Various Performance Levels. Capacities will vary, d… 1.3 Basis |
| 23 | Figure 1 2 Global Displacement Demands for Restored and Unrestored Damaged Buildings. |
| 24 | 1.4 Overview of the Damage Investigation and Evaluation Procedures 1.4.1 Introduction and Overview 1.4.2 Characteristics of Concrete and Masonry Wall Buildings 1.4.3 Investigation of Earthquake Damage |
| 25 | Figure 1 3 Flowchart for the Investigation and Evaluation of Earthquake Damage to Concrete and Ma… |
| 26 | 1.4.4 Evaluation of Earthquake Damage |
| 27 | 1.4.5 Component Information 1.4.6 Terms and Symbols 1.4.7 Related Documents |
| 28 | 1.5 Limitations |
| 29 | 2. Characteristics of Concrete And Masonry Wall Buildings 2.1 Typical Vertical Elements 2.1.1 Bearing Walls and Infilled Frames Figure 2 1 Global Structure, Lateral-Force-Resisting Elements, and Components. |
| 30 | 2.1.2 Wall Elevations 2.1.3 Foundation Effects 2.2 Horizontal Elements |
| 31 | Figure 2 2 Characteristics of Bearing Walls and Infilled Frames |
| 32 | Figure 2 3 Three General Categories of Concrete and Masonry Wall Configurations |
| 33 | Figure 2 4 Example Wall Mechanisms and Components |
| 34 | 2.3 Three-Dimensional Considerations 2.4 Identification of Components |
| 35 | Table 2 1 Component Types for Reinforced Concrete Walls |
| 37 | 3. Investigation of Earthquake Damage 3.1 Characteristics of the Damaging Earthquake 3.2 Review of Existing Building Data |
| 38 | Figure 3 1 Parameters Needed and Form of Approximate Site Response Spectrum 3.3 Assessing the Consequences of the Damaging Earthquake |
| 39 | Figure 3 2 Peak Ground Acceleration Contours for 1994 Northridge, California, Earthquake (from NI… |
| 40 | Table 3 1 Summary of Inspection and Test Procedures |
| 41 | Figure 3 3 Spectral Acceleration Contours for T=0.3 sec., 1994 Northridge, California, Earthquake… |
| 42 | Figure 3 4 Spectral Acceleration Contours for T=1.0 sec., 1994 Northridge, California, Earthquake… 3.4 Pre-existing Conditions |
| 43 | 3.5 Component Damage Classification |
| 44 | 3.6 Verification |
| 45 | Figure 3 5 Different Inelastic Lateral Mechanisms and Components for Same Wall Element |
| 46 | Figure 3 6 Relationship between design strength and expected strength 3.7 Documentation |
| 47 | Figure 3 7 Component force-deformation behavior, ductility, and severity of damage |
| 48 | Figure 3 8 Example Component Damage Record |
| 49 | 3.8 Test and Inspection Guides |
| 81 | 4. Evaluation of Earthquake Damage 4.1 Basis of Evaluation 4.2 Seismic Performance Objectives 4.3 Seismic Performance Parameters |
| 82 | 4.4 Relative Performance Analysis 4.4.1 Overview |
| 83 | Figure 4 1 Displacement Parameters for Damage Evaluation |
| 84 | Figure 4 2 Idealized Component Force-Deformation Relationship 4.4.2 Global Displacement Performance Limits |
| 85 | Figure 4 3 Global Displacement Limits and Component Acceptability used in FEMA 273/274 4.4.3 Component Modeling and Acceptability Criteria |
| 86 | Figure 4 4 Component Modeling Criteria |
| 87 | Figure 4 5 Component Acceptability Criteria |
| 88 | Figure 4 6 Component Modification Factors and Damage Severity |
| 89 | Figure 4 7 Determining l values from structural testing |
| 90 | 4.4.4 Global Displacement Demand |
| 91 | Figure 4 8 Maximum Displacement Dependency on Damaging Earthquake Figure 4 9 Global Capacity Dependency on Initial and Effective Stiffness |
| 92 | Figure 4 10 Pre- and Post-Event Capacity Curves with Associated Stiffnesses |
| 94 | 4.5 Performance Restoration Measures |
| 95 | 4.6 An Alternative—The Direct Method |
| 97 | 5: Reinforced Concrete 5.1 Introduction and Background 5.2 Reinforced Concrete Component Types and Behavior Modes 5.2.1 Component Types 5.2.2 Behavior Modes and Damage |
| 98 | Table 5 1 Component Types and Descriptions for Reinforced Concrete Walls. 5.2.3 Behavior Modes with High Ductility Capacity (Flexural Response) 5.2.4 Behavior Modes with Intermediate Ductility Capacity |
| 99 | Table 5 2 Behavior Modes for Reinforced Concrete Wall Components. |
| 100 | Table 5 3 Likelihood of Earthquake Damage to Reinforced Concrete Walls According to Wall Componen… |
| 102 | 5.2.5 Behavior Modes with Little or No Ductility Capacity |
| 103 | 5.2.6 Foundation Rocking Response 5.3 Reinforced Concrete Evaluation Procedures 5.3.1 Cracking |
| 104 | 5.3.2 Expected Strength and Material Properties |
| 105 | 5.3.3 Plastic-Hinge Location and Length |
| 106 | 5.3.4 Ductility Classifications |
| 107 | 5.3.5 Moment Strength |
| 108 | 5.3.6 Shear Strength |
| 110 | 5.3.7 Wall Boundary Confinement |
| 111 | 5.3.8 Lap Splice Strength |
| 112 | 5.3.9 Wall Buckling |
| 113 | 5.4 Symbols for Reinforced Concrete |
| 115 | 5.5 Reinforced Concrete Component Guides |
| 127 | 6: Reinforced Masonry 6.1 Introduction and Background |
| 128 | 6.2 Reinforced Masonry Component Types and Behavior Modes 6.2.1 Component Types |
| 129 | Table 6 1 Component Types for Reinforced Masonry 6.2.2 Behavior Modes with High Ductility |
| 130 | Table 6 2 Likelihood of Earthquake Damage to Reinforced Masonry Components According to Component… |
| 131 | Table 6 3 Behavior Modes for Reinforced Masonry Components (Note: Hysteresis Curves from Shing et… |
| 133 | 6.2.3 Behavior Modes with Moderate Ductility 6.2.4 Behavior Modes with Low Ductility |
| 134 | 6.3 Reinforced Masonry Evaluation Procedures 6.3.1 Material Properties Table 6 4 Initial Expected Clay or Concrete Masonry Properties 6.3.2 Flexure |
| 136 | 6.3.3 Shear |
| 137 | 6.3.4 Sliding 6.3.5 Wall Instability |
| 138 | 6.3.6 Lap-Splice Slip 6.3.7 Masonry Beams |
| 140 | 6.4 Symbols for Reinforced Masonry |
| 141 | 6.5 Reinforced Masonry Component Guides |
| 157 | 7: Unreinforced Masonry 7.1 Introduction and Background 7.1.1 Section Organization 7.1.2 Material Types and Structural Framing |
| 158 | 7.1.3 Seismically Rehabilitated URM Buildings |
| 159 | 7.2 Unreinforced Masonry Component Types and Behavior Modes 7.2.1 Non-Wall Components |
| 160 | Figure 7 1 Diagram of Parapet Failure (from Rutherford and Chekene, 1990) |
| 162 | Table 7 1 Behavior Modes for Non-Wall URM Elements 7.2.2 Wall Components |
| 163 | Table 7 2 Behavior Modes for URM Walls |
| 164 | Figure 7 3 Diagram of an Appendage Failure (from Rutherford and Chekene, 1990) 7.2.3 Foundation Rocking 7.2.4 Wall-Pier Rocking |
| 165 | Figure 7 4 Photos of Appendage Failures (from Rutherford &Chekene, 1990) |
| 166 | Figure 7 5 Diagram of Wall-Diaphragm Tension Tie Failure (from Rutherford and Chekene, 1990) 7.2.5 Bed-Joint Sliding |
| 167 | Figure 7 6 Photo of Wall-Diaphragm Tension Tie Failure (from Rutherford and Chekene, 1990) |
| 168 | Figure 7 7 Diagram of Wall-Diaphragm Shear Tie Failure (from City of Los Angeles, 1991) |
| 169 | Figure 7 8 Examples of Various Masonry Diaphragms (from Rutherford and Chekene, 1997) 7.2.6 Bed-Joint Sliding at Wall Base |
| 170 | Figure 7 9 URM Wall Components 7.2.7 Spandrel-Joint Sliding 7.2.8 Rocking/Toe Crushing |
| 171 | Figure 7 10 Photo of Bed Joint Sliding 7.2.9 Flexural Cracking/Toe Crushing/Bed Joint Sliding 7.2.10 Flexural Cracking/Diagonal Tension 7.2.11 Flexural Cracking/Toe Crushing |
| 172 | 7.2.12 Spandrel-Unit Cracking 7.2.13 Corner Damage 7.2.14 Preemptive Diagonal Tension 7.2.15 Preemptive Toe Crushing |
| 173 | Figure 7 11 Diagram of Corner Damage (from City of Los Angeles, 1991) 7.2.16 Out-of-Plane Flexural Response |
| 174 | Figure 7 12 Photo of Corner Damage (from Rutherford and Chekene, 1990) 7.2.17 Other Modes 7.3 Unreinforced Masonry Evaluation procedures 7.3.1 Overview |
| 175 | 7.3.2 Evaluation Procedures for In- Plane Behavior of Piers in Walls with Weak Pier – Strong Span… |
| 177 | 7.3.3 Evaluation Procedures for In- Plane Behavior of Solid Wall Components 7.3.4 Evaluation Procedures for In- Plane Behavior of Perforated Walls with Spandrel Damage |
| 178 | Figure 7 13 Spandrel Joint Sliding |
| 181 | Figure 7 14 Implications of Spandrel Cracking |
| 182 | 7.3.5 Evaluation Procedures for Out-of- Plane Behavior of Wall and Pier Components |
| 183 | 7.4 Symbols for Unreinforced Masonry |
| 185 | 7.5 Unreinforced Masonry Component Guides |
| 203 | 8: Infilled Frames 8.1 Introduction and Background |
| 204 | 8.2 Infilled Frame Masonry Component Types and Behavior Modes 8.2.1 Component Types |
| 205 | Table 8 1 Component Types for Infilled Frames |
| 207 | 8.2.2 Panel and Frame Modeling and Interaction 8.2.3 Behavior Modes |
| 208 | Table 8 2 Behavior Modes For Solid Infilled Panel Components |
| 209 | Figure 8 1 Ductile reinforced concrete frames with concrete masonry infills tested by Mehrabi et … |
| 210 | Figure 8 2 Bed-joint sliding of a two-bay steel frame-block infill. Model study by Gergely et al…. |
| 211 | Figure 8 3 Specimen tested by Mander et al. (1993a). Steel frame-clay brick masonry infill. Top a… |
| 212 | Figure 8 4 Effect of openings on the monotonic lateral-load performance of steel frame-masonry in… |
| 213 | Figure 8 5 Out-of-plane behavior of infilled masonry walls showing crack patterns and out-of-plan… |
| 214 | Figure 8 6 Experiments conducted by Aycardi et al. (1994), showing the performance of nonductile … |
| 216 | Table 8 3 Behavior Modes For Infilled Steel-Frame Components |
| 217 | Table 8 4 Behavior Modes For Infilled Concrete-Frame Components 8.3 Infilled Frame Evaluation Procedures 8.3.1 Solid Infilled-Panel Components |
| 219 | 8.3.2 Infilled-Panel Components with Openings 8.3.3 Out-of-Plane Behavior of Infilled-Panel Components |
| 220 | 8.3.4 Steel-Frame Components 8.3.5 Concrete-Frame Components |
| 221 | Table 8 5 Out-of-plane infill strength parameters. |
| 225 | 8.4 Infilled Frame Component Guides |
| 235 | Glossary |
| 237 | List of General Symbols |
| 239 | References |
| 253 | ATC-43 Project Participants |
| 257 | Applied Technology Council Projects And Report Information |
Related products
-
FEMA 306 1998
FEMA 306 – Evaluation of Earthquake Damaged Concrete and Masonry Wall Buildings Basic Procedures Manual…
-
ASCE 9780784410363 2009
World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2009 Published By Publication Date Number of Pages ASCE…
