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IAPMO USHGC 2021

IAPMO USHGC 2021

$40.08

Uniform Solar, Hydronics and Geothermal Code

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IAPMO 2021
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The Uniform Solar, Hydronics and Geothermal code is a model code developed by IAPMO to govern the installation and inspection of solar hydronic, and geothermal energy systems as a means of promoting the public’s health, safety and welfare. Published previously as the Uniform Solar Energy Code, the 2021 edition adds significant provisions concerning hydronic and geothermal systems. USHGC was developed using the American National Standards Institute (ANSI)-accredited open consensus process. Key provisions of the 2021 USHGC and changes 2018 edition include: New requirements for additives and chemicals installed in hydronic systems New requirements for terminal units installed with hydronic systems New maximum allowable oxygen permeation rate for PEX and PE-RT tubing in hydronic systems Additional material standards for hydronic and solar thermal system piping, tubing and fittings New requirements for both water source and air source heat pumps New solar thermal system piping and tubing insulation requirements Additional expansion tank requirements inluding methods for calculating maximum volume of forced and diaphragm type tanks New requirements for design and installation of geothermal energy systems including open-loop, closed-loop and direct-exchange (DX) systems New applicable material standards for geothermal plastic ground source loop piping and fittings New requirements for pressure relief and shutoff valves installed in geothermal energy systems New requirements for geothermal system installation requirements such as trenching, markings, setbacks, testing, just to name a few, New listings requirements for solar PV equipment Updates solar photovoltaic (PV) provisions to correlate with the last NFPA 70-2020 New Appendix D – (IAPMO IS 34) Installation Stndard for Residential Solar Photovoltaic and Energy Storage Systems

PDF Catalog

PDF Pages PDF Title
4 Preface
6 Important Notices and Disclaimers
Updating IAPMO Codes
7 Foreword
Origin and Development
8 Adoption
Revision Markings
9 Format of the Uniform Solar, Hydronics and Geothermal Code
12 Sample Legislation for Adoption of the Uniform Solar, Hydronics and Geothermal Code
14 Committee on Uniform Solar, Hydronics and Geothermal Code
15 Section Relocation
16 Table of Contents
Chapter 1 Administration
Chapter 2 Definitions
Chapter 3 General Regulations
18 Chapter 4 Hydronics
19 Chapter 5 Solar Thermal Systems
20 Chapter 6 Thermal Storage
Chapter 7 Geothermal Energy Systems
21 Chapter 8 Solar Photovoltaic Systems
23 Chapter 9 Referenced Standards
Appendices Table of Contents
Appendix A Engineered Solar Energy Systems
Appendix B Solar Photovoltaic System Installation Guidelines
Appendix C Supplemental Checklist for Solar Photovoltaic Systems
Appendix D Installation Standard for Residential Solar Photovoltaic and Energy Storage Systems
Useful Tables
Index
24 Chapter 1 Administration
101.0 General.
101.1 Title.
101.2 Scope.
101.3 Purpose.
101.4 Unconstitutional.
101.5 Validity.
102.0 Applicability.
102.1 Conflicts Between Codes.
102.2 Existing Installation.
102.3 Maintenance.
102.4 Additions, Alterations, Renovations, or Repairs.
102.5 Health and Safety.
102.6 Changes in Building Occupancy.
102.7 Moved Structures.
102.8 Appendices.
103.0 Duties and Powers of the Authority Having Jurisdiction.
103.1 General.
TABLE
25 103.2 Liability.
103.3 Applications and Permits.
103.3.1 Licensing.
103.4 Right of Entry.
104.0 Permits.
104.1 Permits Required.
104.2 Exempt Work.
104.3 Application for Permit.
104.3.1 Construction Documents.
104.3.2 Plan Review Fees.
26 104.3.3 Time Limitation of Application.
104.4 Permit Issuance.
104.4.1 Approved Plans or Construction Documents.
104.4.2 Validity of Permit.
104.4.3 Expiration.
104.4.4 Extensions.
104.4.5 Suspension and Revocation.
104.4.6 Retention of Plans.
104.5 Fees.
104.5.1 Work Commencing Before Permit Issuance.
27 104.5.2 Investigation Fees.
104.5.3 Fee Refunds.
105.0 Inspections and Testing.
105.1 General.
105.2 Required Inspection.
105.2.1 Uncovering.
105.2.2 Other Inspections.
105.2.3 Inspection Requests.
105.2.4 Advance Notice.
105.2.5 Responsibility.
105.2.6 Reinspections.
28 105.3 Testing of Systems.
105.3.1 Defective Systems.
105.3.2 Retesting.
105.3.3 Approval.
105.4 Connection to Service Utilities.
106.0 Violations and Penalties.
106.1 General.
106.2 Notices of Correction or Violation.
106.3 Penalties.
106.4 Stop Orders.
106.5 Authority to Disconnect Utilities in Emergencies.
106.6 Authority to Condemn.
107.0 Board of Appeals.
107.1 General.
107.2 Limitations of Authority.
29 TABLE 104.5 SYSTEM PERMIT FEES
30 Chapter 2 Definitions
201.0 General.
201.1 Applicability.
202.0 Definition of Terms.
202.1 General.
202.2 Terms Defined in Other Documents.
203.0 – A –
204.0 – B –
31 205.0 – C –
32 206.0 – D –
207.0 – E –
33 208.0 – F –
209.0 – G –
210.0 – H –
34 211.0 – I –
212.0 – J –
213.0 – K –
214.0 – L –
35 215.0 – M –
216.0 – N –
217.0 – O –
218.0 – P –
36 219.0 – Q –
220.0 – R –
221.0 – S –
37 222.0 – T –
223.0 – U –
224.0 – V –
225.0 – W –
226.0 – X –
227.0 – Y –
228.0 – Z –
38 Chapter 3 General Regulations
301.0 General.
301.1 Applicability.
302.0 Standards and Alternates.
302.1 Minimum Standards.
302.1.1 Marking.
302.1.2 Standards.
302.1.3 Existing Buildings.
302.2 Alternate Materials and Methods of Construction Equivalency.
302.2.1 Testing.
302.2.1.1 Tests.
302.2.1.2 Request by Authority Having Jurisdiction.
302.3 Flood Hazard Areas.
302.3.1 Coastal High Hazard Areas.
TABLES
39 302.3.2 Flood Resistant Materials.
302.4 Alternative Engineered Design.
302.4.1 Permit Application.
302.4.2 Technical Data.
302.4.3 Design Documents.
302.4.4 Design Approval.
302.4.5 Design Review.
302.4.6 Inspection and Testing.
303.0 Iron Pipe Size (IPS) Pipe.
303.1 General.
304.0 Accessibility for Service.
304.1 General.
304.2 Access to Appliances on Roofs.
304.2.1 Access.
304.2.2 Access Type.
304.2.3 Permanent Ladders.
40 304.2.4 Permanent Lighting.
304.2.5 Sloped Roof.
304.3 Appliances in Attics and Under-Floor Spaces.
304.3.1 Length of Passageway.
304.3.2 Width of Passageway.
304.3.3 Work Platform.
304.3.4 Lighting and Convenience Outlet.
304.4 Appliances on Roofs.
304.4.1 Load Capacity.
304.4.2 Fasteners.
304.4.3 Installation of Appliances on Roofs.
304.4.4 Clearance.
304.4.5 Electrical Power.
304.4.6 Platform or Walkway.
305.0 Installation.
305.1 Listed Appliances.
305.2 Dissimilar Metals.
305.3 Direction of Flow.
305.4 Changes in Direction.
305.5 Improper Location.
41 305.6 Insulation.
305.7 Drainage Pan.
305.8 Anchorage.
305.9 Structural Design Loads.
305.10 Location.
305.11 Ownership.
306.0 Workmanship.
306.1 Engineering Practices.
306.2 Concealing Imperfections.
306.3 Burred Ends.
306.4 Installation Practices.
306.4.1 On-Site.
307.0 Labeling.
307.1 Fuel-Burning Appliances.
307.2 Electric Heating Appliances.
307.3 Heat Pump and Electric Cooling Appliances.
42 307.4 Absorption Units.
308.0 Condensate Waste and Control.
308.1 Condensate Disposal.
308.1.1 Condensate Pumps.
308.2 Condensate Control.
308.2.1 Protection of Appurtenances.
308.3 Condensate Waste Pipe Material and Sizing.
TABLE 308.3 MINIMUM CONDENSATE PIPE SIZE
43 308.3.1 Cleanouts.
308.4 Appliance Condensate Drains.
308.5 Point of Discharge.
308.6 Condensate Waste from Air-Conditioning Coils.
308.7 Plastic Fittings.
309.0 Safety Requirements.
309.1 Welding.
309.2 Spark or Flame.
309.3 Hazardous Heat-Transfer Mediums.
309.4 Discharge.
310.0 Circulators and Pumps.
310.1 General.
310.2 Mounting.
310.3 Sizing.
310.4 Drainback Systems.
310.5 Pumps Used in Parallel.
310.6 Cavitation.
310.7 Materials.
310.8 Operation.
311.0 Safety Devices.
311.1 General.
44 311.2 Pressurized Vessels.
311.3 Discharge Piping.
311.4 Vacuum Relief Valves.
311.5 Temperature Regulation.
312.0 Valves.
312.1 General.
312.2 Where Required.
312.3 Heat Exchanger.
312.4 Pressure Vessels.
312.5 Pressure Reducing Valves.
312.6 Equipment, Components, and Appliances.
312.7 Expansion Tanks.
312.8 Flow Balancing Valves.
312.8.1 Location.
312.9 Control Valves.
312.9.1 Mixing or Temperature Control Valves.
312.10 Thermosiphoning.
312.11 Air Removal Device or Air Vents.
312.12 Closed-Loop Systems.
312.13 Fullway Valves.
312.14 Accessible.
313.0 Heat Exchangers.
313.1 General.
45 313.2 Shutoff Valves.
314.0 Unlawful Connections.
314.1 Prohibited Installation.
315.0 Electrical.
315.1 Wiring.
315.2 Controls.
315.3 Solar Photovoltaic (PV) Systems.
315.3.1 Fire Code.
315.3.2 Building Code.
316.0 Disposal of Liquid Waste.
316.1 General.
316.2 Connections to Drainage System Required.
316.3 Drainage.
316.4 Nonpotable Discharge.
317.0 Hangers and Supports.
317.1 General.
317.2 Material.
317.3 Suspended Piping.
317.4 Alignment.
317.5 Underground Installation.
317.6 Hanger Rod Sizes.
TABLE 317.6 HANGER ROD SIZES
46 317.7 Strength.
318.0 Protection of Piping, Materials, and Structures.
318.1 General.
318.2 Installation.
318.3 Fire-Resistant Construction.
318.4 Waterproofing of Openings.
TABLE 317.3 HANGERS AND SUPPORTS
47 318.5 Steel Nail Plates.
318.6 Sleeves.
318.6.1 Building Loads.
318.6.2 Exterior Walls.
318.7 Firewalls.
318.8 Structural Members.
318.9 Rodentproofing.
318.10 Metal Collars.
319.0 Protection of System Components.
319.1 Materials.
319.2 Corrosion.
319.3 Mechanical Damage.
320.0 Trenching, Excavation, and Backfill.
320.1 Trenches.
320.2 Tunneling and Driving.
320.3 Open Trenches.
320.4 Excavations.
321.0 Abandonment.
321.1 General.
321.2 Storage Tank.
322.0 Other Systems.
322.1 General.
322.2 Duct Systems.
48 Chapter 4 Hydronics
401.0 General.
401.1 Applicability.
401.2 Insulation.
401.3 Water Hammer Protection.
401.4 Terminal Units.
401.5 Return-Water Low-Temperature Protection.
401.6 Manifolds.
401.7 Heat Emitters.
401.8 Mechanical Devices.
401.9 Flexible Connectors.
401.10 Freeze Protection.
402.0 Protection of Potable Water Supply.
402.1 Prohibited Sources.
402.2 Chemical Injection.
402.3 Protection of Potable Water.
402.4 Compatibility.
403.0 Capacity of Heat Source.
403.1 Heat Source.
403.2 Dual Purpose Water Heaters.
403.3 Tankless Water Heater.
TABLES
TABLE 403.2 WATER HEATERS
49 404.0 Identification of Piping Systems.
404.1 General.
404.2 Color and Information.
404.3 Potable Water.
404.4 Nonpotable Water.
404.5 Location of Piping Identification.
404.6 Flow Directions.
404.7 Heat Transfer Fluid.
405.0 Installation, Testing, and Inspection.
405.1 Operating Instructions.
405.2 Pressure Testing.
405.3 Flushing.
406.0 Pressure and Safety Devices.
406.1 General.
406.2 Discharge Piping.
407.0 Heating Appliances and Equipment.
407.1 General.
407.2 Boilers.
407.2.1 Condensing Boilers.
407.2.2 Noncondensing Boilers.
TABLE 404.3 MINIMUM LENGTH OF COLOR FIELD AND SIZE OF LETTERS
50 407.3 Dual Purpose Water Heaters.
407.3.1 Temperature Limitations.
407.4 Solar Heat Collector Systems.
407.5 Heat Pumps.
408.0 Expansion Tanks.
408.1 General.
408.2 Installation.
408.3 Closed-Type Expansion Tanks.
408.4 Sizing.
409.0 Materials.
409.1 Pipe, Tubing, and Fittings.
409.2 Expansion and Contraction.
409.3 Hangers and Supports.
409.4 Oxygen Diffusion Corrosion.
410.0 Joints and Connections.
410.1 General.
TABLE 407.5 HEAT PUMPS
51 410.2 Chlorinated Polyvinyl Chloride (CPVC) Pipe.
TABLE 409.1 MATERIALS FOR HYDRONIC AND SOLAR THERMAL SYSTEM, PIPING, TUBING, AND FITTINGS
52 410.3 CPVC/AL/CPVC Plastic Pipe and Joints.
410.4 Copper or Copper Alloy Pipe and Tubing.
53 410.5 Cross-Linked Polyethylene (PEX) Pipe.
410.6 Cross-Linked Polyethylene/Aluminum/Cross-Linked Polyethylene (PEX-AL-PEX) Pipe.
410.7 Polyethylene (PE) Plastic Pipe/Tubing.
410.8 Polyethylene/Aluminum/Polyethylene (PE-ALPE).
410.9 Polyethylene of Raised Temperature (PE-RT).
410.10 Polypropylene (PP) Pipe.
54 410.11 Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) Pipe.
410.12 Steel Pipe and Tubing.
410.13 Joints Between Different Materials.
410.13.1 Copper or Copper Alloy Pipe or Tubing to Threaded Pipe Joints.
410.13.2 Plastic Pipe to Other Materials.
411.0 System Controls.
411.1 Water Temperature Controls.
411.2 Operating Steam Controls.
411.2.1 Water-Level Controls.
411.3 Occupied Spaces.
55 411.4 Simultaneous Operation.
411.5 Temperature Reading.
412.0 Pressure and Flow Controls.
412.1 Balancing.
412.2 Low-Water Control.
412.3 Flow-Sensing Devices.
412.4 Automatic Makeup Fluid.
412.5 Differential Pressure Regulation.
412.5.1 Differential Pressure Bypass Valve.
412.6 Air-Removal Device.
412.7 Air-Separation Device.
412.8 Secondary Loops.
413.0 Hydronic Space Heating.
413.1 General.
413.2 Installation.
413.3 Balancing.
413.4 Heat Transfer Fluid.
414.0 Steam Systems.
414.1 Steam Traps.
414.2 Sloping for Two-Pipe System.
414.3 Sloping for One-Pipe System.
414.4 Automatic Air Vents.
56 414.5 Condensate Flow.
414.6 Steam-Distribution Piping.
415.0 Radiant Heating and Cooling.
415.1 Installation.
415.2 Radiant Floor Heating.
415.3 Radiant Cooling Systems.
415.4 Tube Placement.
415.5 Poured Floor Structural Concrete Slab Systems.
415.5.1 Slab Penetration Tube and Joint Protection.
415.5.2 Insulation.
415.5.3 Types of Tube Fasteners.
TABLE 415.4 MAXIMUM LOOP LENGTHS OF CONTINUOUS TUBING FOR RADIANT SYSTEMS
57 415.5.4 Spacing of Tube Fasteners.
415.6 Joist Systems and Subfloors.
415.7 Wall and Ceiling Panels.
415.8 Tubing Fasteners.
415.9 Radiant Heating and Cooling Panels.
415.9.1 Radiant Wall and Ceiling Panels.
416.0 Indirect-Fired Domestic Hot-Water Storage Tanks.
416.1 General.
417.0 Snow and Ice Melt Systems.
417.1 Use of Chemical Additives and Corrosive Fluids.
417.2 Snow and Ice Melt Controls.
417.2.1 Tube Placement.
58 417.2.2 Poured Structural Concrete Slab Systems.
417.2.3 Slab Penetration Tube and Joint Protection.
417.2.4 Insulation.
417.2.5 Testing and Flushing.
417.3 Types of Tube Fasteners.
417.4 Spacing of Tube Fasteners.
418.0 Piping Installation.
418.1 General.
418.2 Embedded Piping Materials and Joints.
418.2.1 Steel Pipe.
418.2.2 Copper Tubing.
418.2.3 Plastics.
418.3 Pressure Testing.
418.4 System Drainage.
TABLE 417.2.1 MAXIMUM LOOP LENGTHS FOR SNOW AND ICE MELT SYSTEMS
59 418.5 Condensate Drainage.
418.6 Clearance to Combustibles.
60 Chapter 5 Solar Thermal Systems
501.0 General.
501.1 Applicability.
501.2 Connections.
501.3 Stagnation Condition.
501.4 Draining.
501.5 Materials.
501.5.1 Plastic.
501.5.2 Combustible Materials.
501.5.3 Adhesives.
501.5.4 Potable Water.
501.5.5 Racks.
501.5.6 Fasteners.
501.6 Thermosiphon Systems.
501.7 Drainback Systems.
501.8 Water Heating Systems.
501.9 Auxiliary Heating.
501.10 Automatic Air Vents.
501.11 Waterproofing.
501.12 Protection.
501.13 Freeze Protection.
501.13.1 Antifreeze.
501.13.2 Drainback.
501.13.3 Integral Collector Storage.
TABLES
61 501.13.4 Indirect Thermosiphon.
501.13.5 Air Heating Systems.
501.13.6 Labeling.
501.13.7 Piping.
501.14 Circulators.
501.15 Protection Against Decay.
501.16 Flash Points.
501.17 Storage Tanks.
502.0 Solar Collectors.
502.1 General.
502.1.1 Construction.
502.2 Fire Safety Requirements.
502.3 Flat Plate Collector Glass.
502.4 Air Collectors.
502.4.1 Testing.
502.5 Installation.
502.5.1 Roof Installations.
502.5.2 Above or on the Roof.
502.5.3 Ground Installations.
502.5.4 Wall Mounted.
502.5.5 Access.
62 502.5.6 Orientation.
502.6 Listing.
503.0 Insulation.
503.1 General.
503.2 Heat Loss.
503.3 Piping.
503.4 Fittings.
503.5 Installation.
503.5.1 Exterior Applications.
503.6 Ducts.
504.0 Testing.
504.1 Piping.
TABLE 503.3(1) PIPE INSULATION THICKNESS
63 504.2 System Requirements.
504.2.1 Direct (Open-Loop) Systems.
504.2.2 Indirect (Closed-Loop) Systems.
505.0 Swimming Pools, Spas, and Hot Tubs.
505.1 Water Chemistry.
505.2 Parameters.
505.3 Filter.
505.3.1 Location.
505.4 Corrosion Resistant.
TABLE 503.3(2) STANDARD TUBING INSULATION THICKNESS
TABLE 505.2 WATER CHEMISTRY
64 TABLE 503.6 INSULATION OF DUCTS5
66 Chapter 6 Thermal Storage
601.0 General.
601.1 Applicability.
601.2 Test Pressure for Storage Tanks.
601.2.1 Pressure Type.
601.2.2 Atmospheric-Type.
601.3 Storage Tank Connectors.
602.0 Insulation.
602.1 Thickness.
603.0 Storage Tanks.
603.1 Plans.
603.2 Atmospheric Tanks.
603.2.1 Overflow.
603.2.2 Makeup Water.
603.2.3 Draining.
603.3 Prefabricated Tanks.
603.4 Separate Storage Tanks.
603.4.1 Isolation.
603.5 Underground Tanks.
603.6 Pressure Vessels.
603.7 Devices.
603.7.1 Safety Devices.
TABLES
TABLE 602.1 MINIMUM TANK INSULATION
67 603.8 Tank Covers.
604.0 Materials.
604.1 General.
604.2 Construction.
604.3 Concrete.
604.4 Metal Tanks.
604.5 Filler Metal.
605.0 Expansion Tanks.
605.1 Where Required.
605.2 Closed-Type Systems.
605.3 Minimum Capacity of Closed-Type Tanks.
606.0 Dry Storage Systems.
606.1 Waterproofing.
606.2 Detecting Water Intrusion.
606.3 Rock as Storage Material.
68 606.4 Odor and Particulate Control.
606.5 Combustibles Within Ducts or Plenums.
TABLE 605.3(1) EXPANSION TANK CAPACITIES FOR GRAVITY HOT WATER SYSTEMS
TABLE 605.3(2) EXPANSION TANK CAPACITIES FOR FORCED WATER SYSTEMS
70 Chapter 7 Geothermal Energy Systems
Part I – General.
701.0 General.
701.1 Applicability.
701.1.1 Prior to Construction.
701.1.2 Equipment, Accessories, Components, and Materials.
701.2 Construction Documents.
701.3 Site Survey.
701.4 Used Materials.
701.5 Contact with Building Material.
701.6 Strains and Stresses.
701.7 Flood Hazard.
701.8 Pipe Support.
701.9 Velocities.
701.10 Chemical Compatibility.
701.11 Transfer Fluid.
702.0 Groundwater Systems.
702.1 General.
703.0 Design of Systems.
703.1 Ground-Heat Exchanger Design.
703.2 Piping and Tubing Material Standards.
TABLES
TABLE 703.2 PLASTIC GROUND SOURCE LOOP PIPING
71 703.3 Fittings.
703.4 Underground Piping and Submerged Materials.
703.4.1 Polyethylene (PE).
703.4.1.1 Joining Methods for Polyethylene Pipe or Tubing.
703.4.2 Cross-Linked Polyethylene (PEX).
703.4.2.1 Joining Methods for Cross-Linked Polyethylene Pipe or Tubing.
703.5 Indoor Piping.
704.0 Heat Pumps.
704.1 Heat Pump Distribution System.
TABLE 703.3 GROUND SOURCE LOOP PIPE FITTINGS
72 704.2 Circulating Pumps.
705.0 Valves.
705.1 Where Required.
705.2 Heat Exchangers.
705.3 Central Systems.
705.4 Pressure Vessels.
705.5 Pressure-Reducing Valves.
705.6 Equipment and Appliances.
705.7 Expansion Tanks.
705.8 Reduced Pressure.
706.0 Specific System Components Design.
706.1 General.
706.2 Heat Exchangers.
706.3 Heat-Transfer Medium.
706.4 Insulation.
707.0 Installation Practices.
707.1 Prior to Construction.
707.2 Equipment, Accessories, Components, and Materials.
707.3 Construction Documents.
707.4 Site Survey Requirements.
707.5 Subsurface Investigation.
707.5.1 Subsurface Conditions.
707.6 Ground Heat-Exchanger Installation Practices.
73 707.7 Trenching, Excavation, and Backfill.
707.8 Trenches, Tunneling, and Driving.
707.9 Excavations and Open Trenches.
707.10 Protection of Piping, Materials, and Structures.
707.11 Sleeves.
707.12 Steel Nail Plates.
707.13 On Site Storage.
707.14 Heat Pump and Distribution System Installation.
707.15 Pressurizing During Installation.
707.16 Horizontal Geothermal Piping – Materials and Methods.
707.16.1 Piping Materials.
707.16.2 Dissimilar Materials.
707.16.3 Protection of Piping.
707.17 Trenches, Excavation, and Backfilled.
707.17.1 Trenches.
707.17.2 Buried Systems.
707.17.3 Pipe Installation.
74 707.17.4 Separation.
707.17.5 Insulation.
707.17.6 Pipe Bends.
707.17.7 Closed Cell Insulation.
707.17.8 Tracer and Warning Markings.
708.0 System Start-Up.
708.1 General.
708.2 Operation and Maintenance Manual.
708.3 Labeling and Marking.
708.4 Documentation.
708.5 Maintenance.
708.6 Records.
708.7 System Start-Up.
708.8 Contaminants.
709.0 Decommissioning and Abandonment.
709.1 General.
Part II – Closed-Loop Systems.
710.0 General.
710.1 Applicability.
710.2 Piping and Tubing.
75 710.3 Borehole Piping and Tubing.
710.4 Underground Fittings.
710.5 Verification.
710.6 Vertical Bores.
710.6.1 Backfill.
710.6.2 U-Bends and Headers.
710.6.2.1 Test Pressure.
710.6.2.2 Testing Procedure.
710.6.2.3 Calculation of Static Pressure (Water).
710.6.2.4 Calculation of Static Pressure (Other Fluids).
711.0 Ground-Heat Exchanger Testing.
711.1 Testing.
711.2 Individual Loop Pressure Testing.
711.3 Field Pressure Testing – Final.
711.4 Field Flow Testing – Final.
Part III – Open-Loop Systems.
712.0 General.
712.1 Applicability.
712.2 Test Wells.
76 712.3 Installation of Water Wells.
712.4 Setbacks.
713.0 Open Ground Water Systems.
713.1 General.
713.2 Open-Loop Water Well Drilling Logs.
713.3 Design Considerations.
713.4 Water Wells and Injection Wells.
713.5 Testing and Sampling.
713.6 Disinfection.
714.0 Testing and Verification.
714.1 Pumping Test.
77 714.2 Retesting.
714.3 Variable Rate Pump Test.
714.4 Constant Rate Pump Test.
714.5 Water Level Monitoring.
714.6 Injection Wells.
714.7 Re-Injected Water.
Part IV – Direct Exchange (DX) Systems.
715.0 Direct Exchange (DX) Systems.
715.1 General.
715.2 Applicability.
715.3 DX Systems.
715.4 DX System Testing.
715.5 Indoor Piping.
715.6 On Site Storage.
715.7 System Start-Up.
715.8 DX Piping.
78 Chapter 8 Solar Photovoltaic Systems
Part I – General.
801.0 General.
801.1 Electrical Wiring and Equipment.
801.2 Applicability.
802.0 General Requirements.
802.1 Photovoltaic Systems.
802.2 Equipment.
802.2.1 Listing Requirements.
802.3 Qualified Personnel.
802.4 Multiple PV Systems.
TABLES
TABLE 802.2.1 STANDARDS FOR PV EQUIPMENT
FIGURES
FIGURE 801.2(1) IDENTIFICATION OF PV POWER SOURCE COMPONENTS
79 802.5 Locations Not Permitted.
802.6 Photovoltaic Modules/Panels/Shingles.
803.0 Alternating-Current (ac) Modules.
803.1 Photovoltaic Source Circuits.
803.2 Inverter Output Circuit.
Part II – Circuit Requirements.
804.0 Circuit Requirements.
804.1 Maximum Voltage.
804.1.1 Photovoltaic Source and Output Circuits.
FIGURE 801.2(2) IDENTIFICATION OF PV SYSTEM COMPONENTS IN COMMON CONFIGURATIONS
80 804.1.2 DC-to-DC Converter Source and Output Circuits.
804.1.2.1 Single DC-to-DC Converter.
804.1.2.2 Two or More Series Connected DC to-DC Converters.
804.2 Bipolar Source and Output Circuits.
805.0 Circuit Sizing and Current.
805.1 Calculation of Maximum Circuit Current.
805.1.1 Photovoltaic System Circuits.
805.1.1.1 Photovoltaic Source Circuit Currents.
805.1.1.2 Photovoltaic Output Circuit Currents.
805.1.1.3 DC-to-DC Converter Source Circuit Current.
805.1.1.4 DC-to-DC Converter Output Circuit Current.
805.1.1.5 Inverter Output Circuit Current.
805.1.2 Circuits Connected to the Input of Electronic Power Converters.
805.1.3 Stand-Alone Inverter Input Circuit Current.
TABLE 804.1.1 VOLTAGE CORRECTION FACTORS FOR CRYSTALLINE AND MULTICRYSTALLINE SILICON MODULES
81 805.2 Conductor Ampacity.
805.2.1 Before Application of Adjustment and Correction Factors.
805.2.2 After Application of Adjustment and Correction Factors.
805.3 Systems with Multiple Direct-Current Voltages.
805.4 Sizing of Module Interconnection Conductors.
805.5 Standard Ampere Ratings.
805.5.1 Fuses and Fixed-Trip Circuit Breakers.
805.5.2 Adjustable-Trip Circuit Breakers.
805.5.3 Restricted Access Adjustable-Trip Circuit Breakers.
806.0 Overcurrent Protection.
806.1 Circuits and Equipment.
806.1.1 Circuits Where Overcurrent Protection Is Not Required.
806.1.2 Circuits Where Overcurrent Protection Is Required on One End.
806.1.3 Other Circuits.
TABLE 805.5.1 STANDARD AMPERE RATINGS FOR FUSES AND INVERSE TIME CIRCUIT BREAKERS
82 806.2 Overcurrent Device Ratings.
806.2.1 Overcurrent Devices Rated 800 Amperes or Less.
806.3 Photovoltaic Source and Output Circuits.
806.4 Power Transformers.
807.0 Stand-Alone Systems.
807.1 General.
807.2 Wiring System.
807.2.1 Supply Output.
807.2.2 Sizing and Protection.
807.2.3 Single 120-Volt Supply.
83 807.2.4 Three-phase Supply.
807.2.5 Energy Storage or Backup Power System Requirements.
807.2.6 Backfed Circuit Breakers.
807.2.6.1 Backfed Devices.
807.2.7 Voltage and Frequency Control.
808.0 Arc-Fault Circuit Protection (Direct-Current).
808.1 Arc-Fault Circuit Protection.
809.0 Rapid Shutdown of PV Systems on Buildings.
809.1 Reduce Shock Hazard.
809.1.1 Controlled Conductors.
809.1.2 Controlled Limits.
809.1.2.1 Outside the Array Boundary.
809.1.2.2 Inside the Array Boundary.
809.1.3 Initiation Device.
84 809.1.4 Equipment.
Part III – Disconnecting Means.
810.0 Disconnecting Means.
810.1 Photovoltaic System Disconnecting Means.
810.1.1 Location.
810.1.2 Markings.
810.1.2.1 Field-Applied Hazard Markings.
810.1.3 Suitable for Use.
810.1.4 Maximum Number of Disconnects.
810.1.5 Rating.
810.1.6 Type of Disconnect.
810.1.6.1 Lockable Disconnecting Means.
810.1.7 Suitable for Backfeed.
85 811.0 Disconnection of Photovoltaic Equipment.
811.1 Isolating Devices.
811.1.1 Location.
811.1.2 Isolating Device.
811.1.3 Equipment Disconnecting Means.
811.1.4 Type of Disconnecting Means.
Part IV – Wiring Methods.
812.0 Wiring Methods Permitted.
812.1 Wiring Systems.
TABLE 812.1(1) CORRECTION FACTORS
86 812.2 Identification and Grouping.
812.2.1 Identification.
812.2.2 Grouping.
812.3 Single-Conductor Cable.
812.3.1 Cable Tray.
812.4 Multiconductor Cable.
TABLE 812.1(2) AMPACITIES OF INSULATED CONDUCTORS RATED UP TO AND INCLUDING 2000 VOLTS
87 812.5 Flexible Cords and Cables.
812.6 Small-Conductor Cables.
812.7 Photovoltaic System Direct-Current Circuitson or in a Building.
812.7.1 Flexible Wiring Methods.
812.7.2 Marking and Labeling Required.
812.7.3 Types of Equipment Grounding Conductors.
TABLE 812.5 MINIMUM PV WIRE STRANDS
88 812.8 Flexible, Fine-Stranded Cables.
812.9 Bipolar PV Systems.
813.0 Component Interconnections.
813.1 Concealed Fittings and Connectors.
814.0 Connectors.
814.1 General.
89 814.1.1 Configuration.
814.1.2 Guarding.
814.1.3 Type.
814.1.4 Interruption of Circuit.
815.0 Access to Boxes.
815.1 Junction, Pull, and Outlet Boxes.
Part V – Grounding and Bonding.
816.0 Grounding and Bonding.
816.1 PV System Grounding Configurations.
816.1.1 Electrical System Grounding.
816.1.2 Grounding of Electrical Equipment.
816.1.3 Bonding of Electrical Equipment.
816.1.4 Bonding of Electrically Conductive Materials and Other Equipment.
816.1.5 Effective Ground-Fault Current Path.
816.2 Ground-Fault Protection.
816.3 Ground-Fault Detection.
816.4 Isolating Faulted Circuits.
90 817.0 Point of System Grounding Connection.
817.1 Grounding Connection.
818.0 Equipment Grounding and Bonding.
818.1 General.
818.1.1 Photovoltaic Mounting Systems and Devices.
818.1.2 Equipment Secured to Grounded Metal Supports.
818.1.3 With Circuit Conductors.
818.1.4 Bonding for Over 250 Volts.
818.2 Equipment Fastened in Place or Connected by Permanent Wiring Methods (Fixed) — Grounding.
819.0 Size of Equipment Grounding Conductors.
819.1 General.
819.1.1 Equipment Grounding Conductor Installation.
819.1.2 Raceway, Cable Trays, Cable Armor, Cablebus, or Cable Sheaths.
819.1.3 Aluminum and Copper-Clad Aluminum Conductors.
91 819.1.4 Equipment Grounding Conductors Smaller Than 6 AWG.
820.0 Grounding Electrode System.
820.1 Electrode System.
820.1.1 Metal Underground Water Pipe.
820.1.2 Metal In-Ground Support Structure(s).
820.1.3 Concrete-Encased Electrode.
TABLE 819.1 MINIMUM SIZE EQUIPMENT GROUNDING CONDUCTORS FOR GROUNDING RACEWAY AND EQUIPMENT
92 820.1.4 Ground Ring.
820.1.5 Rod and Pipe Electrodes.
820.1.6 Other Listed Electrodes.
820.1.7 Plate Electrodes.
820.1.8 Other Local Metal Underground Systems or Structures.
820.1.9 Not Permitted for Use as Grounding Electrodes.
820.2 Buildings or Structures Supporting a PV Array.
820.2.1 Size of the Direct-Current Grounding Electrode Conductor.
820.2.2 Not Smaller Than the Neutral Conductor.
820.2.3 Not Smaller Than the Largest Conductor.
820.2.4 Connected to Rod, Pipe, or Plate Electrodes.
93 820.2.5 Connected to a Concrete-Encased Electrode.
820.2.6 Connected to a Ground Ring.
820.3 Additional Auxiliary Electrodes for Array Grounding.
Part VI – Marking.
821.0 Marking.
821.1 Directory.
821.2 Modules.
821.3 Format.
822.0 Direct-Current Photovoltaic Power Source.
822.1 Labeling.
822.2 Interactive System Point of Interconnection.
823.0 Photovoltaic Systems Connected to Energy Storage Systems.
823.1 Marking.
824.0 Facilities with Stand-Alone Systems.
824.1 Plaques or Directories.
824.2 Facilities with Utility Services and Photovoltaic Systems.
824.2.1 Source Directory.
824.2.2 Building Directory.
94 824.3 Buildings with Rapid Shutdown.
824.3.1 Buildings with More Than One Rapid Shutdown Type.
824.3.2 Rapid Shutdown Switch.
Part VII – Connection to Other Sources.
825.0 Connection to Other Sources.
825.1 PV Systems.
Part VIII – Energy Storage Systems.
826.0 Energy Storage Systems.
826.1 General.
827.0 Batteries.
827.1 Battery Locations.
828.0 Self-Regulating Charge Control.
828.1 General.
FIGURE 824.3 LABEL FOR ROOF-MOUNTED PV SYSTEMS WITH RAPID SHUTDOWN
95 828.1.1 Charge Control.
828.1.2 Diversion Charge Controller, Sole Means of Regulating Charging.
828.1.3 Diversion Charge Controller, Circuits with Diversion Charge Controller and Diversion Load.
828.1.4 Energy Storage Systems Using Utility-Interactive Inverters.
828.1.5 Charge Controllers and DC-to-DC Converters.
Part IX – Large-Scale Photovoltaic (PV) Electric Power Production Facility.
829.0 Large-Scale Photovoltaic (PV) Electric Power Production Facility.
829.1 Scope.
829.2 Special Requirements for Large-Scale PV Electric Supply Stations.
829.3 Equipment Approval.
829.4 Engineered Design.
829.5 Conformance of Construction to Engineered Design.
96 829.6 Direct-Current Operating Voltage.
829.7 Disconnection of Photovoltaic Equipment.
829.8 Arc-Fault Mitigation.
829.9 Fence Grounding.
98 Chapter 9 Referenced Standards
901.0 General.
901.1 Standards.
TABLES
TABLE 901.1 REFERENCED STANDARDS
105 901.2 Standards, Publications, Practices, and Guides.
TABLE 901.2 STANDARDS, PUBLICATIONS, PRACTICES, AND GUIDES
107 Abbreviations in Table 901.1 and Table 901.2
108 Appendices Table of Contents
110 Appendix A Engineered Solar Energy Systems
A 101.0 General.
A 101.1 Applicability.
A 101.2 Authority Having Jurisdiction.
A 101.3 Conformance.
A 101.4 Alternate Materials and Equipment.
A 102.0 Engineered Solar Energy Systems.
A 102.1 Definition.
A 102.2 Inspection and Installation.
A 102.3 Owner Information.
A 103.0 Water Heat Exchangers.
A 103.1 Protection of Potable Water System.
A 103.2 Where Permitted.
A 103.3 Other Designs.
112 Appendix B Solar Photovoltaic System Installation Guidelines
B 101.0 General.
B 101.1 Applicability.
B 101.2 Alternate Materials and Methods.
B 102.0 Marking.
B 102.1 General.
B 102.2 Main Service Disconnect.
B 102.2.1 Marking Content and Format.
B 102.3 Marking for Direct-Current Conduit, Raceways, Enclosures, Cable Assemblies, and Junction Boxes.
B 102.3.1 Marking Content and Format.
B 102.4 Inverters.
B 103.0 Access, Pathways, and Smoke Ventilation.
B 103.1 General.
B 103.2 Residential Systems—Single and Two-Unit Residential Dwellings.
B 103.2.1 Access or Pathways.
B 103.2.2 Smoke Ventilation.
B 103.3 Commercial Buildings and Residential Housing Comprised of Three or More Units.
FIGURES
113 B 103.3.1 Access.
B 103.3.2 Pathways.
B 103.3.3 Smoke Ventilation.
B 104.0 Location of Direct-Current (dc) Conductors.
B 104.1 General.
B 105.0 Ground Mounted Photovoltaic Arrays.
B 105.1 General.
114 FIGURE B 103.2(1) SOLAR SYSTEM ON CROSS GABLE ROOF–SINGLE AND TWO–UNIT RESIDENTIAL BUILDING
FIGURE B 103.2(2) SOLAR SYSTEM ON CROSS GABLE ROOF WITH VALLEY–SINGLE AND TWO-UNIT RESIDENTIAL BUILDING
115 FIGURE B 103.2(3) SOLAR SYSTEM ON FULL GABLE ROOF SINGLE AND TWO-UNIT RESIDENTIAL BUILDING
FIGURE B 103.2(4) SOLAR SYSTEM ON FULL HIP ROOF–SINGLE AND TWO-UNIT RESIDENTIAL BUILDING
116 FIGURE B 103.3(1) SOLAR ARRAY INSTALLATION ON LARGE COMMERCIAL BUILDINGS WITH 8 FOOT WALKWAYS
FIGURE B 103.3(2) SOLAR ARRAY INSTALLATION ON LARGE COMMERCIAL BUILDINGS WITH 4 FOOT WIDE WALKWAYS WITH 8 FOOT BY 4 FOOT VENTING CUTOUTS EVERY 20 FOOT LENGTH
117 FIGURE B 103.3(3) SOLAR ARRAY INSTALLATION ON SMALL COMMERCIAL BUILDINGS WITH 4 FOOT WIDE WALKWAYS WITH 8 FOOT BY 4 FOOT VENTING CUTOUTS EVERY 20 FOOT LENGTH
FIGURE B 103.3(4) SOLAR ARRAY INSTALLATION ON SMALL COMMERCIAL BUILDINGS WITH 8 FOOT WIDE WALKWAYS
118 Appendix C Supplemental Checklist for Solar Photovoltaic Systems
C 101.0 Plan Details.
C 101.1 General.
C 101.2 Circuits.
119 C 101.3 Overcurrent Protection.
C 101.4 Disconnecting Means.
C 101.5 Wiring Method.
C 101.6 Grounding.
C 101.7 Ground Fault Protection.
C 101.8 Systems Over 1000 Volts.
C 101.9 Calculations.
120 Appendix D Installation Standard for Residential Solar Photovoltaic and Energy Storage Systems – IAPMO IS 34-2020
1 Scope
1.1 General
1.2 Terminology
2 Reference Publications
TABLES
FIGURES
121 3 Definitions and Abbreviations
3.1 Definitions
3.2 Abbreviations
122 4 General Requirements
4.1 Plan Details
4.1.1 The following shall be provided with the plan details of a PV system:
123 4.1.2 Circuits
4.1.3 Overcurrent Protection
4.1.4 Disconnecting Means
4.1.5 Grounding
4.1.6 Ground-Fault Protection
4.1.7 Systems Over 1000 Volts
4.1.8 Calculations
124 4.2 Approval Required
4.3 Electrical Requirements
4.3.1 Listing and Labeling
4.4 Code Requirements
5 Installation
5.1 Residential Systems – One- and Two-Unit Residential Dwellings
5.1.1 Solar Zones
125 5.1.2 Access
5.1.3 Pathways – Flat Roofs
5.1.4 Pathways – Sloped Roofs
5.1.4.1 Alternate Setback at Ridge
5.1.5 Distance to Plumbing Vents
5.1.5.1 Locations in Snow Regions
5.2 Ground-Mounted Panel Systems
6 Energy Storage Systems
6.1 Plan Details
126 6.1.1 The following shall be provided with the plan details of an ESS:
127 6.2 Arc-Fault Circuit Protection
7 Marking and Labeling
7.1 General
7.2 Main Service Disconnect
7.2.1 Marking Content and Format
7.3 Marking for DC Conduit, Raceways, Enclosures, Cable Assemblies, and Junction Boxes
7.3.1 Marking Content and Format
128 TABLE 1 PRODUCT SAFETY STANDARDS FOR PV EQUIPMENT
129 FIGURE 1 SOLAR PV SYSTEM – DC STRING INVERTER
FIGURE 2 SOLAR PV SYSTEM – POWER DISTRIBUTION
130 FIGURE 3 SOLAR PV SYSTEM – UTILITY DEMAND RESPONSE
FIGURE 4 SOLAR PV SYSTEM – NEM PROCESS (SIMPLIFIED)
131 FIGURE 5 PATHWAYS AND SETBACKS ON CROSS GABLE ROOF
FIGURE 6PATHWAYS AND SETBACKS ON CROSS GABLE ROOF WITH VALLEY
132 FIGURE 7 PATHWAYS AND SETBACKS ON FULL GABLE ROOF
FIGURE 8 PATHWAYS AND SETBACKS ON FULL HIP ROOF
133 FIGURE 9 PATHWAYS ACCOUNTING FOR OBSTRUCTIONS
FIGURE 10 FIRE ACCESS AND SETBACKS
134 FIGURE 11 PATHWAYS AND SETBACKS WHERE PV MODULES OCCUPY LESS THAN 1/3 OF ROOF AREA (DRIVEWAY ACCESS)
FIGURE 12 RIDGE PATHWAYS AND SETBACKS WHERE PV MODULES OCCUPY LESS THAN 1/3 OF ROOF AREA
135 FIGURE 13 RIDGE PATHWAYS AND SETBACKS WHERE PV MODULES OCCUPY MORE THAN 1/3 OF ROOF AREA (DRIVEWAY ACCESS)
FIGURE 14 HIP, VALLEY, AND RIDGE PATHWAYS AND SETBACKS WHERE PV MODULES OCCUPY MORE THAN 1/3 OF ROOF AREA (ALTERNATE DRIVEWAY ACCESS)
136 FIGURE 15 RIDGE PATHWAYS AND SETBACKS WHERE PV MODULES OCCUPY MORE THAN 1/3 OF ROOF AREA (STREET ACCESS)
FIGURE 16 RIDGE PATHWAYS AND SETBACKS WHERE PV MODULES OCCUPY MORE THAN 1/3 OF ROOF AREA
137 FIGURE 17 RIDGE PATHWAYS AND SETBACKS ACCOUNTING FOR OBSTRUCTIONS
FIGURE 18 RIDGE PATHWAYS AND SETBACKS ACCOUNTING FOR LARGE OBSTRUCTIONS
138 FIGURE 19 SUPPLEMENTAL GROUND ROD DETAIL
FIGURE 20 TYPICAL COMPONENTS OF A PV-ESS (SIMPLIFIED)
139 FIGURE 21 PV+AC-COUPLED ESS CONFIGURATION WITH GRID EXPORT LINE DIAGRAM (SIMPLIFIED)
FIGURE 22 PV+DC-COUPLED ESS CONFIGURATION WITHOUT GRID EXPORT (SIMPLIFIED)
140 FIGURE 23 PV+DC-COUPLED ESS CONFIGURATION WITH GRID EXPORT (SIMPLIFIED)
FIGURE 24 COMBINER BOX
141 ANNEX A (INFORMATIVE) SIZE OPTIMIZATION AND OPERATION OF PV-ESS
A.1 General
A. 2 Definitions and Abbreviations
A.2.1 Definitions
A.2.2 Abbreviations
A.3 Inputs
A.3.1 Objective Function
A.3.2 Constraints
A.3.3 Microgrid System
A.3.4 High Level Planning Algorithm
A.3.5 Low Level Planning Algorithm
142 FIGURE A.1 LAYOUT FOR PREDICTIVE HIERARCHICAL CONTROL SYSTEM
143 ANNEX B (NORMATIVE) BEST PRACTICES FOR ELECTRICAL WORK SAFETY
B.1 General
B.2 Preventative Maintenance
B.3 Arc Flash
B.3.1 Risk Assessment
B.3.2 Calculations
B.3.3 Training and Audits
B.3.4 Documentation
B.4 Protection Scheme Design – Operational Assessment
B.5 Single-Line Diagrams
B.6 Labeling and Hazard Communication Plan
144 ANNEX C (INFORMATIVE) SMART SOLAR MONITORING TECHNOLOGY
C.1 General
C.2 Definitions and Abbreviations
C.2.1 Definitions
C.2.2 Abbreviations
C.3 Smart Meters
C.4 Net Energy Metering
C.5 Interpretation
FIGURE C.1 SMART METER
FIGURE C.2 NET ENERGY METER
145 FIGURE C.3 NET ENERGY METER DISPLAY
FIGURE C.4 NET ENERGY FLOW DIAGRAM
146 TABLE C.1 NEM DISPLAY ID’S
147 ANNEX D (INFORMATIVE) SITE PLAN SAMPLE 1 (PV)
D.1 Site Plan Sample
154 ANNEX E (INFORMATIVE) SITE PLAN SAMPLE 2(PV + EV CHARGING)
E.1 Site Plan Sample
166 ANNEX F (INFORMATIVE) SITE PLAN SAMPLE 3(PV-ESS WITH WHOLE HOME BACKUP)
F.1 Site Plan Sample
178 ANNEX G (INFORMATIVE) SITE PLAN SAMPLE 4 (GROUND-MOUNTED PV-ESS WITH WHOLE HOME BACKUP)
G.1 Site Plan Sample
184 Useful Tables
Unit Conversions
188 Sl Symbols and Prefixes
189 Areas and Circumferences of Circles
190 Symbols
192 Index
– A –
193 – B –
– C –
– D –
194 – E –
– F –
– G –
– H –
195 – I –
– J –
– L –
– M –
– N –
– O –
196 – P –
– Q –
– R –
197 – S –
198 – T –
– U –
– V –
– W –

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