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ICC IBC SEAOC SSDM V2 2018

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2018 IBC SEAOC Structural/Seismic Design Manual Volume 2: Examples for Light-Frame, Tilt-Up and Masonry Buildings

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ICC 2018 381
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2018 IBC® SEAOC Structural/Seismic Design Manual, Volume 2: Examples for Light-Frame, Tilt-up, and Masonry Buildings This series provides a step-by-step approach to applying the structural provisions of the 2018 International Building Code® and referenced standards. Volume 2 contains code application examples of light-frame, tilt-up, and masonry construction. Diaphragm flexibility, center of mass, collectors and chords, deflection, and anchorage are discussed through examples. In- and out-of-plane seismic loads are analyzed. Volume 2 details sample structures of wood, cold-formed steel, tilt-up concrete, and masonry, including: Four-Story Wood Light-Frame Hotel Cold-Formed Steel Light-Frame Three-Story Apartment on Concrete Podium Masonry Shear Wall Building Tilt-Up Wall Building with Openings An excellent reference and study guide for the NCEES Structural Exam, this manual is an invaluable resource for civil and structural engineers, architects, academics, and students.

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1 2018 IBC® SEAOC STRUCTURAL/SEISMIC DESIGN MANUAL VOLUME 2: EXAMPLES FOR LIGHT-FRAME, TILT-UP, AND MASONRY BUILDINGS
2 2018 IBC® SEAOC STRUCTURAL/SEISMIC DESIGN MANUAL VOLUME 2: EXAMPLES FOR LIGHT-FRAME, TILT-UP, AND MASONRY BUILDINGS TITLE PAGE
3 COPYRIGHT
PUBLISHER
EDITOR
DISCLAIMER
4 SUGGESTIONS FOR IMPROVEMENT
ERRATA NOTIFICATION
6 TABLE OF CONTENTS
8 PREFACE TO THE 2018 IBC SEAOC SEISMIC/STRUCTURAL DESIGN MANUAL
10 PREFACE TO VOLUME 2
12 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
14 REFERENCES
22 HOW TO USE THIS DOCUMENT
24 DESIGN EXAMPLE 1: FOUR-STORY WOOD LIGHT-FRAME STRUCTURE
25 1. BUILDING GEOMETRY AND LOADS
1.1 GIVEN INFORMATION
26 FIGURE 1-1 BUILDING ELEVATION
27 FIGURE 1-2 TYPICAL FOUNDATION PLAN
28 FIGURE 1-3 TYPICAL FLOOR FRAMING PLAN
29 FIGURE 1-4 TYPICAL ROOF FRAMING PLAN
30 FIGURE 1-5 TYPICAL BUILDING SECTIONS
1.2 FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE DESIGN
31 FIGURE 1-6 TYPICAL GRADE STAMP
36 FIGURE 1-7 FLOOR FRAMING AT WALL
37 TABLE 1-1 VERTICAL DISPLACEMENTS
40 1.3 WEIGHTS
41 TABLE 1-2 WEIGHTS OF ROOF AND FLOOR DIAPHRAMS
2. CALCULATION OF THE DESIGN BASE SHEAR
2.1 CLASSIFY THE STRUCTURAL SYSTEM
2.2 DESIGN SPECTRAL ACCELERATIONS
2.3 RESPONSE SPECTRUM
EQUATION 12.8-7
42 EQUATION 11.4-5
EQUATION 11.4-6
FIGURE 1-8 DESIGN RESPONSE SPECTRUM FOR THE EXAMPLE BUILDING
43 2.4 HORIZONTAL IRREGULARITIES
2.5 VERTICAL IRREGULARITIES
2.6 LATERAL FORCE PROCEDURE
45 2.7 BASE SHEAR
EQUATION 12.8-1
2.8 VERTICAL DISTRIBUTION OF SHEAR
TABLE 1-3 VERTICAL DISTRIBUTION OF SHEAR FROM SECTION 12.8.3
46 EQUATION 12.8-11
EQUATION 12.8-12
2.9 REDUNDANCY FACTOR
3. LOCATION OF SHEAR WALLS AND HORIZONTAL DISTRIBUTION OF SHEAR
3.1 LOCATION OF SHEAR WALLS
3.2 FLEXIBLE VS. RIGID DIAPHRAGM ANALYSIS
47 3.3 USE OF CANTILEVER DIAPHRAGMS
49 3.4 WEAK AND SOFT STORIES IN LIGHT-FRAME STRUCTURES
50 4. MECHANICS OF MULTISTORY SEGMENTED SHEAR WALLS AND LOAD COMBINATIONS
4.1 OVERTURNING EFFECTS OF SHEAR-TRANSFER (DRAG) TRUSSES
51 FIGURE 1-9 OVERTURNING AT SHEAR-TRANSFER (DRAG) TRUSS
52 ASCE 7 §2.3.6, EQUATION 7
EQUATION 12.4-3
53 ASCE 7 §2.3.6, EQUATION 6
EQUATION 12.4-3
ASCE 7 §2.4.5, EQUATION 10
EQUATION 12.4-3
ASCE 7 §2.4.5, EQUATION 8
EQUATION 12.4-3
54 4.2 SHEAR WALL CUMULATIVE OVERTURNING FORCES AND WALL STABILITY
FIGURE 1-10 OVERTURNING FORCES AT FLOOR LEVEL
55 FIGURE 1-11 FRAMING SECTION AT FLOOR
56 FIGURE 1-12 OVERTURNING FORCES AT FLOOR LEVEL
FIGURE 1-13 FRAMING SECTION AT FLOOR
57 FIGURE 1-14 CUMULATIVE OVERTURNING FORCES
58 4.3 LOAD COMBINATIONS
IBC EQUATION 16-21
IBC EQUATION 16-22
59 ASCE 7 EQUATION 8
ASCE 7 EQUATION 9
ASCE 7 EQUATION 10
ASCE 7 EQUATION 8
ASCE 7 EQUATION 9
ASCE 7 EQUATION 10
4.4 DETERMINE MECHANICS OF SEGMENTED SHEAR WALL C
4.4A SHEAR WALL CHORD (BOUNDARY) MEMBERS
60 FIGURE 1-15 TENSION AND COMPRESSION FORCES
FIGURE 1-15A ROTATION AT WALL BASE
61 FIGURE 1-16 EXAMPLE PLAN SECTION AT BOUNDARY MEMBERS
63 IBC EQUATION 16-21
64 TABLE 1-4 DETERMINATION OF SHEAR WALL CHORD MEMBER FORCES AT LINE C
65 TABLE 1-5 DETERMINATION OF SHEAR WALL CHORD MEMBERS AT LINE C
66 NDS EQUATION 3.7-1
67 4.4B DETERMINATION OF RESISTING MOMENTS AND UPLIFT FORCES
68 TABLE 1-6 DETERMINE SHEAR ALL UPLIFT FORCES USING ASCE 7 LOAD COMBINATIONS AT LINE C
4.4C SHEAR WALL TIE-DOWN SYSTEM COMPONENTS
69 TABLE 1-7 DETERMINE ROD SIZES, CAPACITIES, AND ELONGATIONS AT LINE C
71 TABLE 1-8 DETERMINE BEARING-PLATE SIZES AND CAPACITIES AT LINE C
73 FIGURE 1-17 BEARING ZONE THROUGH FRAMING FROM UPLIFTING POSTS TO BEARING DEVICE
74 4.4D BEARING ZONE THROUGH FRAMING
4.4E SILL PLATE CRUSHING
75 TABLE 1-9 DEFORMATION ADJUSTMENT FACTOR FOR BEARING CONDITION
FIGURE 1-18 Fc⊥LOAD DEFORMATION CURVE
EQUATION 1.0
EQUATION 2.0
76 EQUATION 3.0
TABLE 1-10 DETERMINE SILL PLATE CRUSHING AT LINE C
77 TABLE 1-11 DETERMINE BEARING PLATE CRUSHING AT LINE C
78 4.4F DETERMINE TIE-DOWN ASSEMBLY DISPLACEMENT
TABLE 1-12 DETERMINE TIE-DOWN ASSEMBLY DISPLACEMENTS AT LINE C
79 4.5 SEGMENTED SHEAR WALL DEFLECTION
EQUATION 4.3-1
EQUATION C4.3.2-1
80 FIGURE 1-19 SHEAR WALL HEIGHT—MODIFIED BALLOON FRAMING
81 FIGURE 1-20 SHEAR WALL HEIGHT—PLATFORM FRAMING
82 FIGURE 1-21 PROJECT da
83 FIGURE A-21A EFFECT OF da ON DRIFT
84 SDPWS EQUATION 4.3-1
85 5. MECHANICS OF MULTISTORY SHEAR WALLS WITH FORCE TRANSFER AROUND OPENINGS
5.1 DESIGN OF WALL FRAME WITH FORCE TRANSFER AROUND OPENINGS
87 5.2 THOMPSON METHOD
88 FIGURE 1-22 WALL FORCE DETERMINATION
90 FIGURE 1-23 WALL FRAME SHOWING UPPER AND LOWER FREE-BODY PORTIONS
91 FIGURE 1-24 VERTICAL SHEAR FORCES ACTING ABOVE AND BELOW OPENING
92 FIGURE 1-25 FREE-BODY DIAGRAM U1
93 FIGURE 1-26 FREE-BODY DIAGRAM L1
94 FIGURE 1-27 FREE-BODY DIAGRAM U2
95 FIGURE 1-28 FREE-BODY DIAGRAM L2
96 FIGURE 1-29 SHEAR FORCES IN WALL
97 5.3 THE DIEKMANN METHOD
98 FIGURE 1-30 WALL ELEVATION
99 FIGURE 1-31 TIE-DOWN FORCES
100 FIGURE 1-32 CORNER FORCES
101 FIGURE 1-33 TRIBUTARY LENGTHS
102 FIGURE 1-34 UNIT SHEARS DETERMINATION
FIGURE 1-35 SUM FORCES IN PIERS
104 5.4 COMPARISON OF THOMPSON METHOD WITH DIEKMANN METHOD
FIGURE 1-36 SUM FORCES IN PIERS
FIGURE 1-37 TIE FORCES
105 FIGURE 1-38 SHEAR FORCES IN SEGMENTS
FIGURE 1-39 SHEAR FORCES IN SEGMENTS
106 5.5 SHEAR WALL DEFLECTION USING WINDOW STRIPS (UNIT STRIP METHOD)
FIGURE 1-40 ELEVATION OF WALL FRAME WITH OPENING
EQUATION 4.3-1
107 5.6 SHEAR WALL DEFLECTION USING PERFORATED SHEAR WALL METHOD
EQUATION 4.3-9
EQUATION 4.3-5
EQUATION 4.3-6
108 6. THE ENVELOPE PROCESS
6.1 ASSUMPTION OF FLEXIBLE DIAPHRAGMS
6.2 LATERAL FORCES ON SHEAR WALLS AND SHEAR WALL NAILING IDEALIZED AS FLEXIBLE DIAPHRAGMS
110 TABLE 1-13 FORCES TO WALLS AND REQUIRED PANEL NAILING FOR EAST-WEST DIRECTION
112 TABLE 1-14 FORCES TO WALLS AND REQUIRED PANEL NAILING FOR NORTH-SOUTH DIRECTION
113 6.3 CALCULATION OF SHEAR WALL RIGIDITIES
114 FIGURE 1-41
115 TABLE 1-15 DETERMINE TIE-DOWN ASSEMBLY DISPLACEMENTS AT THE ROOF LEVEL
117 TABLE 1-16 DEFLECTIONS OF SHEAR WALLS AT THE ROOF LEVEL IN THE EAST-WEST DIRECTION
TABLE 1-17 DEFLECTIONS OF SHEAR WALLS AT THE ROOF LEVEL IN THE NORTH-SOUTH DIRECTION
118 TABLE 1-18 SHEAR WALL RIGIDITIES AT THE ROOF LEVEL
119 TABLE 1-19 TIE-DOWN ASSEMBLY DISPLACEMENTS AT THE FOURTH-FLOOR LEVEL
120 TABLE 1-20 DEFLECTIONS OF SHEAR WALLS AT THE FOURTH-FLOOR LEVEL IN THE EAST-WEST DIRECTION
TABLE 1-21 DEFLECTIONS OF SHEAR WALLS AT THE FOURTH-FLOOR LEVEL IN THE NORTH-SOUTH DIRECTION
121 TABLE 1-22 SHEAR WALL RIGIDITIES AT THE FOURTH-FLOOR LEVEL
122 TABLE 1-23 TIE-DOWN ASSEMBLY DISPLACEMENTS AT THE THIRD-FLOOR LEVEL
123 TABLE 1-24 DEFLECTIONS OF SHEAR WALLS AT THE THIRD-FLOOR LEVEL IN THE EAST-WEST DIRECTION
TABLE 1-25 DEFLECTIONS OF SHEAR WALLS AT THE THIRD-FLOOR LEVEL IN THE NORTH-SOUTH DIRECTION
124 TABLE 1-26 WALL RIGIDITIES AT THIRD-FLOOR LEVEL
125 TABLE 1-27 TIE-DOWN ASSEMBLY DISPLACEMENTS AT THE SECOND-FLOOR LEVEL
126 TABLE 1-28 DEFLECTIONS OF SHEAR WALLS AT THE SECOND-FLOOR LEVEL IN THE EAST-WEST DIRECTION
TABLE 1-29 DEFLECTIONS OF SHEAR WALLS AT THE SECOND-FLOOR LEVEL IN THE NORTH-SOUTH DIRECTION
127 TABLE 1-30 WALL RIGIDITIES AT THE SECOND-FLOOR LEVEL
128 6.4 DISTRIBUTION OF LATERAL FORCES TO THE SHEAR WALLS USING RIGID DIAPHRAGMS
131 FIGURE 1-42 CENTER OF RIGIDITY AND LOCATION OF DISPLACED CENTERS OF MASS FOR SECOND, THIRD, AND FOURTH-FLOOR LEVELS AND ROOF DIAPHRAGM
132 TABLE 1-31 DISTRIBUTION OF FORCES TO SHEAR WALLS BELOW THE ROOF LEVEL
133 TABLE 1-32 DISTRIBUTION OF FORCES TO SHEAR WALLS BELOW THE FOURTH-FLOOR LEVEL
TABLE 1-33 DISTRIBUTION OF FORCES TO SHEAR WALLS BELOW THE THIRD-FLOOR LEVEL
134 TABLE 1-34 DISTRIBUTION OF FORCES TO SHEAR WALLS BELOW SECOND-FLOOR LEVEL
6.5 COMPARISON OF LOADS ON SHEAR WALLS USING FLEXIBLE DIAPHRAGM ASSUMPTIONS VS. RIGID DIAPHRAGM ASSUMPTIONS
135 TABLE 1-35 COMPARISON OF LOADS ON SHEAR WALLS USING FLEXIBLE VS. RIGID DIAPHRAGM ANALYSIS AND RECHECK OF NAILING IN WALLS
136 TABLE 1-35 COMPARISON OF LOADS ON SHEAR WALLS USING FLEXIBLE VS. RIGID DIAPHRAGM ANALYSIS AND RECHECK OF NAILING IN WALLS-CONTINUED
137 6.6 DETERMINATION OF SEISMIC DRIFTS USING DIAPHRAGMS IDEALIZED AS RIGID
138 TABLE 1-36 DETERMINATION OF SEISMIC DRIFTS USING DIAPHRAGMS IDEALIZED AS RIGID
139 TABLE 1-36 DETERMINATION OF SEISMIC DRIFTS USING DIAPHRAGMS IDEALIZED AS RIGID
140 6.7 DETERMINATION IF A TORSIONAL IRREGULARITY EXISTS
FIGURE 1-43 DETERMINATION OF AVERAGE AND MAXIMUM STORY DRIFTS
TABLE 1-37 DETERMINATION OF AVERAGE AND MAXIMUM STORY DRIFTS
142 6.8 DETERMINATION OF BUILDING DRIFTS
143 TABLE 1-38 DRIFT CHECK AT EACH LEVEL
144 TABLE 1-38 DRIFT CHECK AT EACH LEVEL-CONTINUED
145 7. DESIGN AND DETAILING OF SHEAR WALL AT LINE C
7.1 DETAIL OF SHEAR TRANSFER AT ROOF
FIGURE 1-44 DETAIL OF SHEAR TRANSFER AT ROOF
146 7.2 DETAIL OF SHEAR TRANSFER AT SECOND FLOOR
FIGURE 1-45 DETAIL OF SHEAR TRANSFER AT SECOND-FLOOR LEVEL
147 7.3 DESIGN SHEAR TRANSFER AT FOUNDATION SILL PLATE
148 FIGURE 1-46 SHEAR TRANSFER AT THE FOUNDATION
150 FIGURE 1-47 SILL PLATE AT THE FOUNDATION EDGE
151 8. DIAPHRAGM DEFLECTIONS TO DETERMINE IF THE DIAPHRAGM IS FLEXIBLE
8.1 ROOF DIAPHRAGM CHECK
152 ASCE 7 EQUATION 12.10-1
SDPWS EQUATION 4.2-1
153 9. DISCONTINUOUS SYSTEM CONSIDERATIONS AND THE OVERSTRENGTH FACTOR
9.1 ANCHOR FORCES TO PODIUM SLAB
154 10. SPECIAL INSPECTION AND STRUCTURAL OBSERVATION
155 11. ITEMS NOT ADDRESSED IN THIS EXAMPLE
156 DESIGN EXAMPLE 2: FLEXIBLE DIAPHRAGM DESIGN
FIGURE 2-1 TYPICAL BUILDING WITH FLEXIBLE DIAPHRAGM
157 FIGURE 2-2 EXAMPLE’S ROOF PLAN
FIGURE 2-3 EXAMPLE’S BUILDING SECTION
158 1. BUILDING GEOMETRY AND LOADS
1.1 GIVEN INFORMATION
2. ROOF DIAPHRAGM LATERAL LOADING
2.1 ROOF DIAPHRAGM SHEAR COEFFICIENT
EQUATION 12.10-1
159 EQUATION 12.10-2
EQUATION 12.10-3
EQUATION 12.10-4
EQUATION 12.10-7
EQUATION 12.10-4
EQUATION 12.10-5
160 2.2 ROOF DIAPHRAGM SHEARS
FIGURE 2-4 EAST-WEST DIAPHRAGM LOADING
162 FIGURE 2-5 NORTH-SOUTH DIAPHRAGM LOADING
3. SHEAR NAILING OF THE ROOF DIAPHRAGM (NORTH-SOUTH)
163 TABLE 2-1 ALLOWABLE DIAPHRAGM SHEAR CAPACITIES
164 TABLE 2-2 EVALUATION OF NAILING ZONE DISTANCES
COMMENTARY
165 FIGURE 2-6 ILLUSTRATION OF NAILING ZONE LOCATIONS
4. CONSIDERATIONS FOR PLAN IRREGULARITIES
166 5. DIAPHRAGM CHORDS (NORTH-SOUTH)
FIGURE 2-7 INTERFACE OF DIAPHRAGM AT WALL
167 6. DIAPHRAGM COLLECTORS
168 6.1 DESIGN THE COLLECTOR ALONG LINE 3 BETWEEN LINES B AND C
6.2 DETERMINE THE COLLECTOR FORCE IN THE STEEL BEAM COLLECTOR
6.3 DETERMINE THE WOOD NAILER ATTACHMENT ON THE STEEL BEAM COLLECTOR
169 6.4 CHECK STEEL BEAM COLLECTOR AS REQUIRED BY SECTION 12.10.3.4
170 EQUATION E3-4
EQUATION E3-2
EQUATION E3-1
171 EQUATION E3-4
EQUATION E3-2
EQUATION E3-1
172 6.5 COLLECTOR CONNECTION TO SHEAR WALL
7. DIAPHRAGM DEFLECTION
7.1 DEFLECTION OF NORTH-SOUTH DIAPHRAGM
EQUATION 4.2-1
174 TABLE 2-3 WORKSHEET COMPUTING SHEAR DEFORMATION
EQUATION 12.8-15
175 7.2 LIMITS ON DIAPHRAGM DEFLECTION
FIGURE 2-8 BUILDING SECTION WITH DIAPHRAGM DEFORMATION
176 EQUATION 12.8-16
177 7.3 DEFORMATION COMPATIBILITY ISSUES
178 DESIGN EXAMPLE 3: THREE-STORY LIGHT-FRAME MULTIFAMILY BUILDING DESIGN USING COLD-FORMED STEEL WALL FRAMING AND WOOD FLOOR AND ROOF FRAMING
179 DESIGN EXAMPLE BUILDING
FIGURE 3-1 APARTMENT COMPLEX FRONT ELEVATION
180 FIGURE 3-2 FIRST-FLOOR PLAN-BUILDINGS A AND B SITTING ON A COMMON PODIUM DECK
181 FIGURE 3-3 SECOND-FLOOR PLAN
FIGURE 3-4 THIRD-FLOOR PLAN
182 FIGURE 3-5 ROOF PLAN
183 FIGURE 3-6 SHEAR WALL ELEVATION USING MIXED FRAMING MATERIALS—COLD-FORMED STEEL (CFS) LIGHT-FRAME SHEAR WALL AND WOOD-FRAME FLOOR AND ROOF
184 MIXED-USE, MULTIFAMILY, MULTISTORY PROJECTS
FIRE-RESISTIVE CONSTRUCTION
185 TERMINOLOGY
DESIGN EXAMPLE OUTLINE—CODES
186 1. BUILDING GEOMETRY AND SEISMIC CRITERIA
1.1 GIVEN INFORMATION
187 2. ROOF AND FLOOR GRAVITY LOADS
2.1 ROOF LOADING
TABLE 3-1 ROOF DEAD-LOAD MATERIALS
188 2.2 THIRD-FLOOR AND SECOND-FLOOR DEAD LOAD AND SUPERIMPOSED LIVE LOADS
TABLE 3-2 THIRD-AND SECOND-FLOOR LIVE LOADS
TABLE 3-3 THIRD AND SECOND-FLOOR DEAD LOADS
189 2.3 INTERIOR PARTITION WALL LOADS (GRAVITY DESIGN)
190 TABLE 3-4 PARTITION DEAD-LOAD MATERIAL
2.4 EXTERIOR WALL WEIGHTS
191 TABLE 3-5 EXTERIOR WALL DEAD-LOAD MATERIAL
2.5 EXTERIOR WALL AND INTERIOR WALL PARTITION GRAVITY AND LATERAL LOADS
192 3. LATERAL LOADING: SEISMIC
3.1 LATITUDE AND LONGITUDE
193 3.2 BUILDING SITE SEISMIC DATA
TABLE 3-6 SPECTRAL ACCELERATIONS
194 3.3 BUILDINGS A AND B—SEISMIC DESIGN REQUIREMENTS
EQUATION 12.8-1
EQUATION 12.8-2
EQUATION 12.8-3
EQUATION 12.8-4
EQUATION 12.8-5
EQUATION 12.8-6
195 3.4 BUILDING MASS
196 FIGURE 3-7 LAYOUT OF BUILDINGS A AND B ON LARGER PODIUM DECK
197 FIGURE 3-8 BUILDING B FOOTPRINT
3.5 SEISMIC WEIGHT
TABLE 3-7 BUILDING B WEIGHTS FOR BUILDING BASE SHEAR (V) CALCULATIONS
199 3.6 BUILDING BASE SHEAR (V)—STRENGTH LEVEL
3.7 VERTICAL DISTRIBUTION OF SEISMIC DESIGN FORCES, STORY SHEARS, AND DIAPHRAGM FORCES
TABLE 3-8 BUILDIGN ZONE B1
200 TABLE 3-9 BUILDING ZONE B2
EQUATION 12.10-3
EQUATION 12.10-2
4. DIAPHRAGM FLEXIBILITY
202 5. FLEXIBLE DIAPHRAGM CONDITION
6. BUILDING CLASSIFICATION: REGULAR OR IRREGULAR
TABLE 3-10 APPLICABILITY OF HORZONTAL STRUCTURAL IRREGULARITIES TO BUILDING B
203 FIGURE 3-9 BUILDING B SCHEMATIC PLANS FOR REENTRANT CORNER DETAIL CHECK
204 TABLE 3-11 APPLICABILITY OF VERTICAL STRUCTURAL IRREGULARITIES TO BUILDING B
7. REDUNDANCY FACTOR
207 8. REDUNDANCY CHECK FOR BUILDING B
208 TABLE 3-12 BUILDING B STORY SHEAR SUMMATION CHECK
210 9. SELECTED ANALYTICAL PROCEDURE
10. DISTRIBUTION OF SEISMIC FORCES TO SHEAR WALLS
211 TABLE 3-13 BUILDING B VERTICAL SEISMIC-FORCE-RESISTING SYSTEM SEISMIC STORY FORCES (pounds per square foot)
FIGURE 3-10 BUILDING B ZONES (plain view)
TABLE 3-14 VERTEX ZONE SEISMIC DESIGN FORCES
212 11. SHEATHED CFS-STUD SHEAR WALLS: FRAMING MATERIALS
11.1 SCREW DESIGN
TABLE 3-15 SCREW SIZES AND PROPERTIES
213 AISI S100 EQUATION J6.1-1
AISI S100 EQUATION J6.1-2
215 11.2 CFS STUD DESIGN
TABLE 3-16 CFS THICKNESS PROPERTIES
216 TABLE 3-17 CFS PRODUCT DESIGNATIONS
TABLE 3-18 SHEATHED SHEAR WALL MINIMUM CFS STUD DIMENSIONAL REQUIREMENTS
TABLE 3-19 SHEATHED SHEAR WALL MINIMUM CFS STUD MATERIAL REQUIREMENTS
11.3 SHEAR WALL SHEATHING
218 TABLE 3-20A AISI S400 TABLE E1.3-1: UNIT NOMINAL STRENGTH [RESISTANCE] (Vn) PER UNIT LENGTH FOR SEISMIC AND OTHER IN-PLANE LOADS FOR SHEAR WALLS SHEATHER WITH WOOD STRUCTURAL PANELS ON ONE SIDE OF WALL
TABLE 3-20B AISI S400 TABLE E2.3-1: UNIT NOMINAL STRENGTH [RESISTANCE] (Vn) PER UNIT LENGTH FOR SEISMIC AND OTHER IN-PLANE LOADS FOR SHEAR WALLS WITH STEEL SHEET SHEATHING ON ONE SIDE OF WALL
219 11.4 SPECIAL SEISMIC REQUIREMENTS
220 12. SHEAR WALL DESIGN EXAMPLE: BUILDING B
221 12.1 SHEAR WALL SHEAR AND OVERTURNING REQUIRED STRENGTH (BUILDING B, ZONE B1)
TABLE 3-21 SHEAR WALL DESIGN INFORMATION (LRFD)
222 FIGURE 3-11 BUILDING B—THIRD FLOOR SHEAR WALLS
FIGURE 3-12 BUILDING B—SECOND FLOOR SHEAR WALLS
FIGURE 3-13 BUILDING B—FIRST FLOOR SHEAR WALLS
223 FIGURE 3-14 OPTION 1: FULL-LENGTH, STACKED SHEAR WALL
FIGURE 3-15 OPTION 2: SHORT FIRST-FLOOR SHEAR WALL
FIGURE 3-16 OPTION 3: SHORT, STACKED SHEAR WALL
224 12.2 SHEAR WALL CONFIGURATION AND TYPE
225 12.3 SHEAR WALL SHEATHING AND SCREW SELECTION
226 TABLE 3-22 SHEAR WALL STRENGTHS
227 TABLE 3-23 OPTION 1: SHEAR WALL LENGTHS: FULL LENGTH SHEAR WALLS EACH FLOOR LEVEL (L = 37 feet)
TABLE 3-24 OPTION 2: SHEAR WALL LENGTHS (L = third floor, second floor = 37 feet; L = first floor = 25 feet)
TABLE 3-25 OPTION 3: SHORT-LENGTH SHEAR WALLS EACH FLOOR LEVEL (L = 25 feet)
228 12.4 OVERTURNING RESTRAINT (TIE-DOWN) SYSTEM REQUIRED STRENGTH
229 FIGURE 3-17 OVERTURNING RESTRAINT IN STACKED CFS-FRAMED SHEAR WALL
230 TABLE 3-26 SHEAR WALL OVERTURNING MOMENT (OTM) OPTION 1 AND OPTION 3
231 TABLE 3-27 SHEAR WALL OTM OPTION 2: (Wall length L: 3rd, 2nd floor = 37 feet, 1st floor = 25 feet)
FIGURE 3-18 OPTION 2 SHEAR WALL R-L OTM AND REACTIONS
233 TABLE 3-28 SHEAR WALL OTM DESIGN INFORMATION
TABLE 3-29 OPTION 1 SHEAR WALL (wall length = 37 ft)
234 TABLE 3-30 OPTION 2 SHEAR WALL (wall length = 37 ft and 25 ft)
TABLE 3-31 OPTION 2 SHEAR WALL (wall length = 37 ft and 25 ft)
FIGURE 3-19 OPTION 2 SHEAR WALL
235 TABLE 3-32 OPTION 3 SHEAR WALL (wall length = 25 ft)
TABLE 3-32A OPTION 1 SHEAR WALL—COMPARISON OF DESIGN FORCES (LRFD)
237 TABLE 3-33 OPTION 1 SHEAR WALL
TABLE 3-34 OPTION 2 SHEAR WALL
TABLE 3-35A OPTION 3 SHEAR WALL
238 TABLE 3-35B OPTION 3 SHEAR WALL
12.5 OVERTURNING RESTRAINT (TIE-DOWN) SYSTEM AVAILABLE STRENGTH AND DISPLACEMENT
239 FIGURE 3-20 DETAIL OF THE THIRD-FLOOR BRIDGE-BLICK TERMINATION OF THE CONTINUOUS ROD TIE-DOWN SYSTEM
240 FIGURE 3-21 TYPICAL CHORD-STUD ASSEMBLY OF THE FLOOR LINE. CONTINUOUS ROD TIE-DOWN (HOLD-DOWN) SYSTEM CHORD STUDS AT THE SECOND AND THIRD FLOORS
242 TABLE 3-36 CONTINUOUS ROD TIE-DOWN SYSTEM REQUIRED, PROVIDED STRENGTH, AND ROD SIZES (OPTION 3: SHEAR WALL)—LRFD
243 TABLE 3-37 OPTION 3 AMPLIFIED DESIGN FORCES (Ω0) AND TIE-ROD BEARING PLATE SIZING—LRFD
246 AISC 360 EQUATION F11-1
AISC 360 EQUATION G2-1
248 12.6 SHEAR WALL CHORD STUDS
249 ASCE 7 EQUATION 6
250 ASCE 7 EQUATION 6
251 ASCE 7 EQUATION 6
252 TABLE 3-38 OPTION 3 SHEAR WALL: SUMMARY OF CFS CHORD STUD DIFFERENTIAL UPLIFT AND ACCUMULATIVE DOWNWARD COMPRESSION DESIGN LOADS
TABLE 3-39 OPTION 3 SHEAR WALL CFS CHORD STUD SIZE, NUMBER, AND STRENGTH
257 FIGURE 3-22 CHORD STUD ALIGNMENT
258 TABLE 3-40 OPTION 3 SHEAR WALL: CONTINUOUS TIE-DOWN ROD LOCATION CHECK FROM END OF WALL
259 12.7 BRIDGE BLOCK AND CHORD-STUD ASSEMBLIES
FIGURE 3-23 CHORD-STUD ASSEMBLY AT WOOD BRIDGE BLOCK
260 FIGURE 3-24 CHORD AND CRIPPLE STUDS ORIENTED TOE-TO-TOE (PLAIN VIEW)
262 FIGURE 3-25 WOOD BRIDGE BLOCK AT THIRD-FLOOR CHORD-STUD ASSEMBLY
264 12.8 SHEAR TRANSFER
265 FIGURE 3-26 SHEAR TRANSFER THROUGH WOOD FLOOR FRAMING
267 TABLE 3-41 NOMINAL SCREW SHEAR VALUES (Pss) FROM CFSEI TECHNICAL NOTE F701-12
AISI S100 EQUATION J6.1-1
AISI S100 EQUATION J6.1-2
269 TABLE 3-42 NDS TABLE 11.3.1A “YIELD LIMIT EQUATIONS”
271 TABLE 3-43 SCREW SHEAR DESIGN VALUE COMPARISON BETWEEN WOOD AND CFS
TABLE 3-44 SHEAR WALL SHEATHING SHEAR DESIGN
273 ACI 318 EQUATION 17.5.2.1A
275 TABLE 3-45 OPTION 3 SHEAR WALL SHEAR WALL FASTENER SPACING AT FLOOR LINE
12.9 DISCONTINUOUS SHEAR WALL
276 13. SHEAR WALL DEFLECTION
278 TABLE 3-46 OPTION 3 SHEAR WALL: DEFLECTION VARIABLES
TABLE 3-47 OPTION 3 SHEAR WALL: DEFLECTION VARIABLES
280 ASCE 7 EQUATION 12.8-15
281 TABLE 3-48 SUMMARY OF TOP-OF-WALL DEFLECTIONS
ASCE 7 EQUATION 12.12-2
282 14. DISCUSSION: FRAMING WITH COLD-FORMED STEEL
14.1 WALL STUD BRACING
284 FIGURE 3-27 CFS STUD-WALL U-CHANNEL BRIDGING—STRONGBACK ANCHORAGE (PLAIN VIEW)
285 FIGURE 3-28 CFS STUD-WALL FLAT STRAP BRACING AND BLOCKING—STRONGBACK ANCHORAGE (PLAIN VIEW)
286 FIGURE 3-29 CFS STUD-WALL FLAT-STRAP BRACING—DIAGONAL STRAP BRACING ANCHORAGE (ELEVATION VIEW)
14.2 WALL STUD HEIGHT: BEARING AND NONBEARING STUDS
287 14.3 FLOOR SYSTEMS
FIGURE 3-30 FLOOR-JOIST PLATFORM-FRAMED CFS LIGHT-FRAME CONSTRUCTION
288 FIGURE 3-31 LEDGER-FRAMED CFS LIGHT-FRAME CONSTRUCTION
FIGURE 3-32 AISI S240 FIGURE B1.2.3-1: “IN-LINE FRAMING”
289 FIGURE 3-33 CONCRETE OVER STEEL-DECK FLOOR
291 15. DISCUSSION: SEISMIC JOINTS
15.1 BUILDING SEISMIC JOINTS
15.2 PEDESTRIAN BRIDGES
292 16. DISCUSSION: ELEVATORS
16.1 SEISMIC AND FRAMING CONSIDERATIONS
293 16.2 ELEVATOR SHAFT WALLS
294 17. ITEMS NOT ADDRESSED IN THIS EXAMPLE
18. REFERENCES
296 DESIGN EXAMPLE 4: MASONRY SHEAR WALL BUILDING
297 1. BUILDING GEOMETRY AND LOADS
1.1 GIVEN INFORMATION
1.2 BUILDING WEIGHTS
298 FIGURE 4-1 FLOOR PLAN
FIGURE 4-2 ROOF FRAMING PLAN
299 FIGURE 4-3 ELEVATION ON LINE A
FIGURE 4-4 SECTION THROUGH CMU WALL ALONG LINES 1 AND 3
300 2. CALCULATION OF THE DESIGN BASE SHEAR AND LOAD COMBINATIONS
2.1 DESIGN SPECTRAL ACCELERATIONS
2.2 CLASSIFY THE STRUCTURAL SYSTEM AND DETERMINE SEISMIC DESIGN PARAMETERS
301 2.3 RESPONSE SPECTRUM
EQUATION 12.8-7
EQUATION 11.4-5
EQUATIO 11.4-6
2.4 HORIZONTAL IRREGULARITIES
2.5 VERTICAL IRREGULARITIES
2.6 LATERAL FORCE PROCEDURE
302 2.7 BASE SHEAR
EQUATIONS 12.8-2 AND EQUATION 12.8-3
EQUATIONS 12.8-5 AND EQUATIONS 12.8-6
EQUATION 12.8-1
2.8 REDUNDANCY FACTOR
2.9 LOAD COMBINATIONS
303 3. DESIGN OF WALLS TO RESIST IN-PLANE SEISMIC LOADS
FIGURE 4-5 DEAD LOADS ON WALL ALONG LINE A
FIGURE 4-6 EARTHQUAKE LOADS ON WALL ALONG LINE A
304 3.1 PRELIMINARY REINFORCEMENT LAYOUT
FIGURE 4-7 LAYOUT OF REINFORCEMENT FOR 8 FOOT LONG WALL SEGMENT LINE A
305 3.2 IN-PLANE AXIAL AND FLEXURAL LOADS
306 TMS 402 EQUATION 9-15
307 TABLE 4-1 EQUILIBRIUM CALCULATIONS FOR FLEXURAL STRENGTH WITH NO AXIAL LOAD (c = 6.14 in)
308 TABLE 4-2 EQUILIBRIUM CALCULATIONS FOR FLEXURAL STRENGTH AT BALANCED CONDITION (c = 50.3 in)
FIGURE 4-8 LAYOUT OF REINFORCEMENT FOR 8 FOOT LONG WALL SEGMENT
309 3.3 MAXIMUM REINFORCEMENT
TABLE 4-3 MINIMUM STRAIN REQUIRED FOR SATISFYING MAXIMUM REINFORCEMENT RATIO
310 TABLE 4-4 EQUILIBRIUM CALCULATIONS FOR MAXIMUM REINFORCEMENT (c = 8.91 in)
3.4 IN-PLANE SHEAR STRENGTH
311 TMS 402 EQUATION 9-17
TMS 402 EQUATION 9-20
TMS 402 EQUATION 9-21
TMS 402 EQUATION 9-18
TMS 402 EQUATION 9-19
312 3.5 SHEAR FRICTION STRENGTH
TMS 402 EQUATION 9-33
TMS 402 EQUATION 9-34
313 4. DESIGN OF WALLS TO RESIST OUT-OF-PLANE SEISMIC LOADS
EQUATION 9-22
4.1 DESIGN OF WALL ON LINE 1 (NO OPENINGS)
314 TMS 402 EQUATION 9-31
TMS 402 EQUATION 9-30
315 TMS 402 EQUATION 9-23
TMS 402 EQUATION 9-24
316 TMS 402 EQUATION 9-32
4.2 DESIGN OF WALL SEGMENT ON LINE A
FIGURE 4-9 TRIBUTARY WIDTH FOR OUT-OF-PLANE LOADS FOR AN 8 FOOT LONG WALL SEGMENT
317 TMS 402 EQUATION 9-27
TMS 402 EQUATION 9-28
TMS 402 EQUATION 9-29
FIGURE 4-10 OUT-OF-PLANE LOADS FOR AN 8 FOOT LONG WALL SEGMENT
318 TMS 402 EQUATION 9-31
TMS 402 EQUATION 9-30
319 5. OUT-OF-PLANE WALL ANCHORAGE
5.1 CALCULATION OF ANCHORAGE FORCES
ASCE 7 EQUATION 12.11-1
ASCE 7 EQUATION 12.11-2
5.2 DESIGN OF ANCHORAGE CONNECTION
TMS 402 EQUATION 9-1
320 FIGURE 4-11 OUT-OF-PLANE ANCHORAGE CONNECTION
TMS 402 EQUATION 9-2
321 FIGURE 4-12 OVERLAP OF PROJECTED TENSILE AREAS
322 DESIGN EXAMPLE 5: TILT-UP BUILDING
323 1. BUILDING GEOMETRY AND LOADS
1.1 GIVEN INFORMATION
324 FIGURE 5-1 ROOF FRAMING PLAN
325 FIGURE 5-2 BUILDING SECTION
2. OVERVIEW OF ACI SLENDER WALL DESIGN
3. OUT-OF-PLANE LATERAL DESIGN WALL FORCES
326 FIGURE 5-3 ELEVATION VIEW OF WALL PANEL
FIGURE 5-4 WALL-LOADING DIAGRAM
327 3.1 SEISMIC COEFFICIENT OF WALL ELEMENT
3.2 LOAD COMBINATIONS FOR STRENGTH DESIGN
IBC EQUATION 16-5
EQUATION 12.4-1
EQUATION 12.4-2
EQUATION 12.4-3
3.3 LATERAL OUT-OF-PLANE WALL FORCES
328 4. PRIMARY MOMENT FROM THE OUT-OF-PLANE FORCES
FIGURE 5-5 LOADING DIAGRAM
329 4.1 DETERMINE THE SHEAR REACTIONS AT TOP AND BOTTOM WALL SUPPORTS
4.2 DETERMINE MU OUT-OF-PLANE (OOP)
5. PRIMARY MOMENT FROM THE VERTICAL LOAD ECCENTRICITY
330 6. TOTAL FACTORED MOMENT INCLUDING P-DELTA EFFECTS
331 6.1 DETERMINE THE TOTAL VERTICAL LOAD
6.2 DETERMINE NECESSARY SECTION PROPERTIES
FIGURE 5-6 CROSS SECTION
332 EQUATION 22.2.2.4.1
6.3 DETERMINE THE TOTAL FACTORED MOMENT MAGNIFIED FOR P-Δ EFFECTS
7. NOMINAL MOMENT STRENGTH
333 7.1 CHECK FLEXURAL CRACKING MOMENT
EQUATION 24.2.3.5A
7.2 CHECK SECTION FOR TENSION-CONTROLLED RESTRICTION
7.3 CHECK THE MAXIMUM VERTICAL STRESS AT MIDHEIGHT
IBC EQUATION 16-1
IBC EQUATION 16-2
IBC EQUATION 16-3
IBC EQUATION 16-4
IBC EQUATION 16-5
IBC EQUATION 16-6
IBC EQUATION 16-7
334 IBC EQUATION 16-1
IBC EQUATION 16-3
IBC EQUATION 16-5
8. SERVICE-LOAD DEFLECTION CONSIDERATIONS
335 EQUATION 11.8.4.3A
EQUATION 11.8.4.3B
8.1 DETERMINE THE APPLIED SERVICE-LEVEL MOMENT
336 8.2 COMPUTE THE INITIAL SERVICE-LOAD DEFLECTION
8.3 DETERMINE THE SERVICE-LOAD MOMENT Ma, INCLUDING P-DELTA EFFECTS
337 FIGURE 5-7 VERTICAL LOADING DIAGRAM
338 FIGURE 5-8 FREE-BODY DIAGRAM
339 COMMENTARY
FIGURE 5-9 TYPICAL PANEL REINFORCING
340 9. WALL ANCHORAGE AT ROOF PURLINS (NORTH-SOUTH LOADING)
9.1 FORCES ON WALL-ANCHORAGE TIES
341 EQUATION 12.11-1
342 FIGURE 5-10 WALL SECTION WITH LOADING
COMMENTARY
9.2 CHECK CONCRETE ANCHORAGE OF TYPICAL WALL-ROOF TIE
343 FIGURE 5-11 STEEL JOIST TO WALL-TIE DETAIL
344 FIGURE 5-12 LOAD ON EMBED
FIGURE 5-13 LOAD ON EMBED
FIGURE 5-14 LOAD ON EMBED
345 FIGURE 5-15 PROJECTED FAILURE AREA
346 EQUATION 17.4.2.1C
EQUATION 17.4.2.2A
EQUATION 17.4.3.1
EQUATION 17.4.3.4
347 EQUATION 17.5.1.2A
348 EQUATION 17.5.3.1B
350 FIGURE 5-16 PROJECTED FAILURE AREA
EQUATION 17.4.2.1C
EQUATION 17.4.2.2A
352 ACI EQUATION 17.5.3.1B
353 ACI EQUATION 17.4.2.1C
EQUATION 17.4.2.2A
354 ACI EQUATION 17.5.3.1B
355 9.3 CHECK SHELF ANGLE AT TYPICAL WALL-ROOF TIE
356 AISC EQUATION F11-1
AISC EQUATION F11-1
357 AISC EQUATION D2-1
9.4 CHECK THE SHELF-ANGLE WELD TO THE EMBED PLATE
FIGURE 5-17 FACTORED LOADS ON SHELF ANGLES
358 IBC EQUATION 16-3 COMBINATION
IBC EQUATION 16-5 COMBINATION
IBC EQUATION 16-7 COMBINATION
9.5 CHECK JOIST-SEAT WELD AT TYPICAL WALL-ROOF TIE
9.6 DESIGN STEEL JOIST FOR TYPICAL WALL-ROOF ANCHORAGE FORCES
359 9.7 CHECK JOIST-TO-JOIST SPLICE AT THE GIRDER LINES
360 AISC EQUATION D2-1
FIGURE 5-18 JOIST TO GIRDER DETAIL
361 COMMENTARY
10. WALL ANCHORAGE AT SUBPURLINS (EAST-WEST LOADING)
10.1 SEISMIC FORCE ON WALL-ROOF TIE
10.2 DESIGN TYPICAL WALL-ROOF TIE
COMMENTARY
362 FIGURE 5-19 WALL-ANCHORAGE DETAIL
AISC 360 EQUATION J3-1
AISC 360 EQUATION E3-1
363 AISC 360 EQUATION E3-4
364 EQUATION 17.4.1.2
FIGURE 5-20 PROJECTED AREA DIAGRAM
EQUATION 17.4.2.1B
365 EQUATION 17.4.2.2A
EQUATION 17.4.3.1
EQUATION 17.4.3.4
366 FIGURE 5-21 WALL TO ROOF STRAP ANCHOR
367 10.3 DESIGN CONNECTION TO TRANSFER SEISMIC FORCE ACROSS FIRST ROOF TRUSS PURLIN
368 FIGURE 5-22 STRAP DETAIL
11. SUBDIAPHRAGM DESIGN (EAST-WEST)
11.1 CHECK SUBDIAPHRAGM ASPECT RATIO
369 11.2 FORCES ON SUBDIAPHRAGM
11.3 CHECK SUBDIAPHRAGM SHEAR
FIGURE 5-23 SUBDIAPHRAGM
370 11.4 CHECK STEEL JOIST AS SUBDIAPHRAGM CHORD
COMMENTARY
11.5 DETERMINE MINIMUM CHORD REINFORCEMENT AT EXTERIOR CONCRETE WALLS
371 12. CONTINUITY TIES ACROSS THE MAIN DIAPHRAGM (EAST-WEST LOADING)
12.1 SEISMIC FORCES ON CONTINUITY CROSS-TIES ALONG LINES C AND D
372 12.2 DESIGN OF JOIST GIRDERS AS CONTINUITY TIES ALONG LINES C AND D
12.3 DESIGN OF JOIST-GIRDER SPLICES ALONG LINES C AND D
373 FIGURE 5-24 DETAIL OF JOIST GIRDER TO COLUMN
12.4 COMMENTS ON METAL DECK DIAPHRAGMS
374 12.5 DESIGN GIRDER (CONTINUITY TIE) CONNECTION TO WALL PANEL
FIGURE 5-25 DETAIL OF GIRDER TO WALL PANEL
375 13. SHEAR WALL DESIGN LOADS
13.1 DESIGN SPECTRAL RESPONSE ACCELERATIONS SDS AND SD1
IBC EQUATION 16-36
IBC EQUATION 16-37
IBC EQUATION 16-38
IBC EQUATION 16-39
376 ASCE 7 EQUATION 12.8-7
13.2 BASE SHEAR USING THE EQUIVALENT LATERAL-FORCE PROCEDURE
EQUATION 12.8-1
EQUATION 12.8-2
377 EQUATION 12.8-5
EQUATION 12.8-5
EQUATION 12.8-6
13.3 BASE SHEAR USING THE SIMPLIFIED ALTERNATIVE STRUCTURAL DESIGN CRITERIA
13.4 SHEAR WALL DESIGN LOADS
14. REFERENCES
378 SEAOC WIND DESIGN MANUAL
379 SEAOC 2019 EDITION OF THE SEAOC BLUE BOOK: SEISMIC DESIGN RECOMMENDATIONS
380 TOP TOOLS FOR STRUCTURAL DESIGN
381 ICC’S DIGITAL CODES LIBRARY
ICC IBC SEAOC SSDM V2 2018
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