IEEE 1003.1 2008

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Standard for Information Technology – Portable Operating System Interface (POSIX(R))

Published By	Publication Date	Number of Pages
IEEE	2008	3874

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Description

Revision Standard – Active. This standard is simultaneously ISO/IEC 9945, IEEE Std 1003.1, and forms the core of the Single Unix Specification, Version 3. This 2004 edition includes IEEE Std 1003.1-2001/Cor 1-2002 and IEEE Std 1003.1-2001/Cor 2-2004 incorporated into IEEE Std 1003.1-2001 (the base document). The two Corrigenda address problems discovered since the approval of IEEE Std 1003.1-2001. These changes are mainly due to resolving integration issues raised by the merger of the base documents that were incorporated into the IEEE Std 1003.1-2001, which is the single common revision to IEEE Std 1003.1-1996, IEEE Std 1003.2-1992, ISO/IEC 9945-1:1996, ISO/IEC 9945-2:1993, and the Base Specifications of The Open Group Single UNIX Specification, Version 2.

PDF Catalog

PDF Pages	PDF Title
1	IEEE Std 1003.1-2008 Front Cover
3	Title Page
4	Abstract Keywords
5	IEEE
6	The Open Group
7	Introduction Background/Audience
8	Purpose
9	POSIX.1-2008 Base Definitions System Interfaces
10	Shell and Utilities Rationale (Informative Typographical Conventions
13	Notice to Users Laws and Regulations Copyrights Updating of IEEE Documents Errata/Feedback Interpretations/Patents
14	Participants
19	Contents
39	Trademarks
40	Acknowledgements
41	Referenced Documents
48	IMPORTANT NOTICE
49	XBD
51	1 Introduction 1.1 Scope
52	1.2 Conformance 1.3 Normative References
53	1.4 Change History 1.5 Terminology
54	1.6 Definitions and Concepts 1.7 Portability
55	1.7.1 Codes
61	1.7.2 Margin Code Notation
63	2 Conformance 2.1 Implementation Conformance 2.1.1 Requirements
64	2.1.2 Documentation 2.1.3 POSIX Conformance
67	2.1.4 XSI Conformance
68	2.1.5 Option Groups
74	2.1.6 Options
77	2.2 Application Conformance 2.2.1 Strictly Conforming POSIX Application
78	2.2.2 Conforming POSIX Application 2.2.3 Conforming POSIX Application Using Extensions 2.2.4 Strictly Conforming XSI Application
79	2.2.5 Conforming XSI Application Using Extensions 2.3 Language-Dependent Services for the C Programming Language 2.4 Other Language-Related Specifications
81	3 Definitions 3.1 Abortive Release 3.2 Absolute Pathname 3.3 Access Mode 3.4 Additional File Access Control Mechanism 3.5 Address Space
82	3.6 Advisory Information 3.7 Affirmative Response 3.8 Alert 3.9 Alert Character () 3.10 Alias Name
83	3.11 Alignment 3.12 Alternate File Access Control Mechanism 3.13 Alternate Signal Stack 3.14 Ancillary Data 3.15 Angle Brackets 3.16 Apostrophe Character () 3.17 Application
84	3.18 Application Address 3.19 Application Program Interface (API) 3.20 Appropriate Privileges 3.21 Argument 3.22 Arm (a Timer) 3.23 Asterisk Character () 3.24 Async-Cancel-Safe Function
85	3.25 Asynchronous Events 3.26 Asynchronous Input and Output 3.27 Async-Signal-Safe Function 3.28 Asynchronously-Generated Signal 3.29 Asynchronous I/O Completion 3.30 Asynchronous I/O Operation 3.31 Authentication
86	3.32 Authorization 3.33 Background Job 3.34 Background Process 3.35 Background Process Group (or Background Job) 3.36 Backquote Character 3.37 Backslash Character () 3.38 Backspace Character ()
87	3.39 Barrier 3.40 Basename 3.41 Basic Regular Expression (BRE) 3.42 Batch Access List 3.43 Batch Administrator 3.44 Batch Client
88	3.45 Batch Destination 3.46 Batch Destination Identifier 3.47 Batch Directive 3.48 Batch Job 3.49 Batch Job Attribute 3.50 Batch Job Identifier
89	3.51 Batch Job Name 3.52 Batch Job Owner 3.53 Batch Job Priority 3.54 Batch Job State 3.55 Batch Name Service 3.56 Batch Name Space
90	3.57 Batch Node 3.58 Batch Operator 3.59 Batch Queue 3.60 Batch Queue Attribute 3.61 Batch Queue Position 3.62 Batch Queue Priority
91	3.63 Batch Rerunability 3.64 Batch Restart 3.65 Batch Server 3.66 Batch Server Name 3.67 Batch Service 3.68 Batch Service Request 3.69 Batch Submission
92	3.70 Batch System 3.71 Batch Target User 3.72 Batch User 3.73 Bind 3.74 Blank Character () 3.75 Blank Line 3.76 Blocked Process (or Thread) 3.77 Blocking
93	3.78 Block-Mode Terminal 3.79 Block Special File 3.80 Braces 3.81 Brackets 3.82 Broadcast
94	3.83 Built-In Utility (or Built-In) 3.84 Byte 3.85 Byte Input/Output Functions 3.86 Carriage-Return Character ()
95	3.87 Character 3.88 Character Array 3.89 Character Class 3.90 Character Set 3.91 Character Special File 3.92 Character String
96	3.93 Child Process 3.94 Circumflex Character () 3.95 Clock 3.96 Clock Jump 3.97 Clock Tick 3.98 Coded Character Set
97	3.99 Codeset 3.100 Collating Element 3.101 Collation 3.102 Collation Sequence
98	3.103 Column Position 3.104 Command 3.105 Command Language Interpreter 3.106 Composite Graphic Symbol 3.107 Condition Variable
99	3.108 Connected Socket 3.109 Connection 3.110 Connection Mode 3.111 Connectionless Mode 3.112 Control Character 3.113 Control Operator 3.114 Controlling Process
100	3.115 Controlling Terminal 3.116 Conversion Descriptor 3.117 Core File 3.118 CPU Time (Execution Time) 3.119 CPU-Time Clock 3.120 CPU-Time Timer 3.121 Current Job
101	3.122 Current Working Directory 3.123 Cursor Position 3.124 Datagram 3.125 Data Segment 3.126 Deferred Batch Service 3.127 Device 3.128 Device ID 3.129 Directory 3.130 Directory Entry (or Link)
102	3.131 Directory Stream 3.132 Disarm (a Timer) 3.133 Display 3.134 Display Line 3.135 Dollar-Sign Character () 3.136 Dot
103	3.137 Dot-Dot 3.138 Double-Quote Character 3.139 Downshifting 3.140 Driver 3.141 Effective Group ID 3.142 Effective User ID 3.143 Eight-Bit Transparency
104	3.144 Empty Directory 3.145 Empty Line 3.146 Empty String (or Null String) 3.147 Empty Wide-Character String 3.148 Encoding Rule 3.149 Entire Regular Expression
105	3.150 Epoch 3.151 Equivalence Class 3.152 Era 3.153 Event Management 3.154 Executable File
106	3.155 Execute 3.156 Execution Time 3.157 Execution Time Monitoring 3.158 Expand 3.159 Extended Regular Expression (ERE) 3.160 Extended Security Controls
107	3.161 Feature Test Macro 3.162 Field 3.163 FIFO Special File (or FIFO) 3.164 File 3.165 File Description
108	3.166 File Descriptor 3.167 File Group Class 3.168 File Mode 3.169 File Mode Bits 3.170 Filename 3.171 File Offset
109	3.172 File Other Class 3.173 File Owner Class 3.174 File Permission Bits 3.175 File Serial Number 3.176 File System 3.177 File Type
110	3.178 Filter 3.179 First Open (of a File) 3.180 Flow Control 3.181 Foreground Job 3.182 Foreground Process 3.183 Foreground Process Group (or Foreground Job) 3.184 Foreground Process Group ID
111	3.185 Form-Feed Character () 3.186 Graphic Character 3.187 Group Database 3.188 Group ID 3.189 Group Name 3.190 Hard Limit
112	3.191 Hard Link 3.192 Home Directory 3.193 Host Byte Order 3.194 Incomplete Line 3.195 Inf 3.196 Instrumented Application 3.197 Interactive Shell
113	3.198 Internationalization 3.199 Interprocess Communication 3.200 Invoke 3.201 Job 3.202 Job Control 3.203 Job Control Job ID
114	3.204 Last Close (of a File) 3.205 Line 3.206 Linger 3.207 Link 3.208 Link Count 3.209 Local Customs 3.210 Local Interprocess Communication (Local IPC)
115	3.211 Locale 3.212 Localization 3.213 Login 3.214 Login Name 3.215 Map 3.216 Marked Message
116	3.217 Matched 3.218 Memory Mapped Files 3.219 Memory Object 3.220 Memory-Resident 3.221 Message 3.222 Message Catalog
117	3.223 Message Catalog Descriptor 3.224 Message Queue 3.225 Mode 3.226 Monotonic Clock 3.227 Mount Point 3.228 Multi-Character Collating Element 3.229 Mutex
118	3.230 Name 3.231 Named STREAM 3.232 NaN (Not a Number) 3.233 Native Language 3.234 Negative Response 3.235 Network 3.236 Network Address
119	3.237 Network Byte Order 3.238 Newline Character () 3.239 Nice Value 3.240 Non-Blocking 3.241 Non-Spacing Characters
120	3.242 NUL 3.243 Null Byte 3.244 Null Pointer 3.245 Null String 3.246 Null Wide-Character Code 3.247 Number-Sign Character () 3.248 Object File 3.249 Octet
121	3.250 Offset Maximum 3.251 Opaque Address 3.252 Open File 3.253 Open File Description 3.254 Operand 3.255 Operator
122	3.256 Option 3.257 Option-Argument 3.258 Orientation 3.259 Orphaned Process Group 3.260 Page 3.261 Page Size
123	3.262 Parameter 3.263 Parent Directory 3.264 Parent Process 3.265 Parent Process ID 3.266 Pathname
124	3.267 Pathname Component 3.268 Path Prefix 3.269 Pattern 3.270 Period Character () 3.271 Permissions 3.272 Persistence
125	3.273 Pipe 3.274 Polling 3.275 Portable Character Set 3.276 Portable Filename Character Set
126	3.277 Positional Parameter 3.278 Preallocation 3.279 Preempted Process (or Thread) 3.280 Previous Job 3.281 Printable Character 3.282 Printable File
127	3.283 Priority 3.284 Priority Band 3.285 Priority Inversion 3.286 Priority Scheduling 3.287 Priority-Based Scheduling 3.288 Privilege
128	3.289 Process 3.290 Process Group 3.291 Process Group ID 3.292 Process Group Leader 3.293 Process Group Lifetime
129	3.294 Process ID 3.295 Process Lifetime 3.296 Process Memory Locking 3.297 Process Termination 3.298 Process-To-Process Communication
130	3.299 Process Virtual Time 3.300 Program 3.301 Protocol 3.302 Pseudo-Terminal 3.303 Radix Character 3.304 Read-Only File System 3.305 Read-Write Lock
131	3.306 Real Group ID 3.307 Real Time 3.308 Realtime Signal Extension 3.309 Real User ID 3.310 Record 3.311 Redirection
132	3.312 Redirection Operator 3.313 Referenced Shared Memory Object 3.314 Refresh 3.315 Regular Expression 3.316 Region 3.317 Regular File
133	3.318 Relative Pathname 3.319 Relocatable File 3.320 Relocation 3.321 Requested Batch Service 3.322 (Time) Resolution 3.323 Robust Mutex 3.324 Root Directory 3.325 Runnable Process (or Thread)
134	3.326 Running Process (or Thread) 3.327 Saved Resource Limits 3.328 Saved Set-Group-ID 3.329 Saved Set-User-ID 3.330 Scheduling 3.331 Scheduling Allocation Domain 3.332 Scheduling Contention Scope
135	3.333 Scheduling Policy 3.334 Screen 3.335 Scroll 3.336 Semaphore
136	3.337 Session 3.338 Session Leader 3.339 Session Lifetime 3.340 Shared Memory Object 3.341 Shell 3.342 Shell, the
137	3.343 Shell Script 3.344 Signal 3.345 Signal Stack 3.346 Single-Quote Character 3.347 Slash Character () 3.348 Socket 3.349 Socket Address
138	3.350 Soft Limit 3.351 Source Code 3.352 Space Character () 3.353 Spawn 3.354 Special Built-In
139	3.355 Special Parameter 3.356 Spin Lock 3.357 Sporadic Server 3.358 Standard Error 3.359 Standard Input 3.360 Standard Output 3.361 Standard Utilities
140	3.362 Stream 3.363 STREAM 3.364 STREAM End 3.365 STREAM Head 3.366 STREAMS Multiplexor 3.367 String
141	3.368 Subshell 3.369 Successfully Transferred 3.370 Supplementary Group ID 3.371 Suspended Job 3.372 Symbolic Constant
142	3.373 Symbolic Link 3.374 Synchronized Input and Output 3.375 Synchronized I/O Completion 3.376 Synchronized I/O Data Integrity Completion 3.377 Synchronized I/O File Integrity Completion 3.378 Synchronized I/O Operation
143	3.379 Synchronous I/O Operation 3.380 Synchronously-Generated Signal 3.381 System 3.382 System Boot 3.383 System Clock 3.384 System Console 3.385 System Crash
144	3.386 System Databases 3.387 System Documentation 3.388 System Process 3.389 System Reboot 3.390 System Trace Event 3.391 System-Wide
145	3.392 Tab Character () 3.393 Terminal (or Terminal Device) 3.394 Text Column 3.395 Text File 3.396 Thread 3.397 Thread ID
146	3.398 Thread List 3.399 Thread-Safe 3.400 Thread-Specific Data Key 3.401 Tilde Character () 3.402 Timeouts 3.403 Timer 3.404 Timer Overrun
147	3.405 Token 3.406 Trace Analyzer Process 3.407 Trace Controller Process 3.408 Trace Event 3.409 Trace Event Type 3.410 Trace Event Type Mapping 3.411 Trace Filter 3.412 Trace Generation Version
148	3.413 Trace Log 3.414 Trace Point 3.415 Trace Stream 3.416 Trace Stream Identifier 3.417 Trace System 3.418 Traced Process 3.419 Tracing Status of a Trace Stream 3.420 Typed Memory Name Space
149	3.421 Typed Memory Object 3.422 Typed Memory Pool 3.423 Typed Memory Port 3.424 Unbind 3.425 Unit Data 3.426 Upshifting 3.427 User Database
150	3.428 User ID 3.429 User Name 3.430 User Trace Event 3.431 Utility
151	3.432 Variable 3.433 Vertical-Tab Character () 3.434 White Space 3.435 Wide-Character Code (C Language) 3.436 Wide-Character Input/Output Functions 3.437 Wide-Character String
152	3.438 Word 3.439 Working Directory (or Current Working Directory) 3.440 Worldwide Portability Interface 3.441 Write 3.442 XSI
153	3.443 XSI-Conformant 3.444 Zombie Process 3.445 Plus or Minus Zero
155	4 General Concepts 4.1 Concurrent Execution 4.2 Directory Protection 4.3 Extended Security Controls
156	4.4 File Access Permissions 4.5 File Hierarchy
157	4.6 Filenames 4.7 Filename Portability 4.8 File Times Update
158	4.9 Host and Network Byte Orders 4.10 Measurement of Execution Time 4.11 Memory Synchronization
159	4.12 Pathname Resolution
160	4.13 Process ID Reuse 4.14 Scheduling Policy
161	4.15 Seconds Since the Epoch 4.16 Semaphore
162	4.17 Thread-Safety 4.18 Tracing
164	4.19 Treatment of Error Conditions for Mathematical Functions 4.19.1 Domain Error
165	4.19.2 Pole Error 4.19.3 Range Error
166	4.20 Treatment of NaN Arguments for the Mathematical Functions 4.21 Utility 4.22 Variable Assignment
169	5 File Format Notation
173	6 Character Set 6.1 Portable Character Set
176	6.2 Character Encoding
177	6.3 C Language Wide-Character Codes 6.4 Character Set Description File
180	6.4.1 State-Dependent Character Encodings
183	7 Locale 7.1 General
184	7.2 POSIX Locale 7.3 Locale Definition
187	7.3.1 LC_CTYPE
194	7.3.2 LC_COLLATE
202	7.3.3 LC_MONETARY
205	7.3.4 LC_NUMERIC
206	7.3.5 LC_TIME
212	7.3.6 LC_MESSAGES
213	7.4 Locale Definition Grammar 7.4.1 Locale Lexical Conventions
214	7.4.2 Locale Grammar
221	8 Environment Variables 8.1 Environment Variable Definition
222	8.2 Internationalization Variables
225	8.3 Other Environment Variables
229	9 Regular Expressions 9.1 Regular Expression Definitions
230	9.2 Regular Expression General Requirements
231	9.3 Basic Regular Expressions 9.3.1 BREs Matching a Single Character or Collating Element 9.3.2 BRE Ordinary Characters 9.3.3 BRE Special Characters
232	9.3.4 Periods in BREs 9.3.5 RE Bracket Expression
234	9.3.6 BREs Matching Multiple Characters
235	9.3.7 BRE Precedence 9.3.8 BRE Expression Anchoring
236	9.4 Extended Regular Expressions 9.4.1 EREs Matching a Single Character or Collating Element 9.4.2 ERE Ordinary Characters 9.4.3 ERE Special Characters
237	9.4.4 Periods in EREs 9.4.5 ERE Bracket Expression 9.4.6 EREs Matching Multiple Characters
238	9.4.7 ERE Alternation 9.4.8 ERE Precedence 9.4.9 ERE Expression Anchoring
239	9.5 Regular Expression Grammar 9.5.1 BRE/ERE Grammar Lexical Conventions
240	9.5.2 RE and Bracket Expression Grammar
242	9.5.3 ERE Grammar
245	10 Directory Structure and Devices 10.1 Directory Structure and Files
246	10.2 Output Devices and Terminal Types
247	11 General Terminal Interface 11.1 Interface Characteristics 11.1.1 Opening a Terminal Device File
248	11.1.2 Process Groups 11.1.3 The Controlling Terminal
249	11.1.4 Terminal Access Control 11.1.5 Input Processing and Reading Data
250	11.1.6 Canonical Mode Input Processing 11.1.7 Non-Canonical Mode Input Processing
251	11.1.8 Writing Data and Output Processing 11.1.9 Special Characters
253	11.1.10 Modem Disconnect 11.1.11 Closing a Terminal Device File 11.2 Parameters that Can be Set 11.2.1 The termios Structure
254	11.2.2 Input Modes
255	11.2.3 Output Modes
257	11.2.4 Control Modes
258	11.2.5 Local Modes
260	11.2.6 Special Control Characters
261	12 Utility Conventions 12.1 Utility Argument Syntax
263	12.2 Utility Syntax Guidelines
267	13 Headers
268
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304
306
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507
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511	XSH
513	1 Introduction 1.1 Relationship to Other Formal Standards 1.2 Format of Entries
515	2 General Information 2.1 Use and Implementation of Interfaces 2.1.1 Use and Implementation of Functions
516	2.1.2 Use and Implementation of Macros 2.2 The Compilation Environment 2.2.1 POSIX.1 Symbols
517	2.2.2 The Name Space
525	2.3 Error Numbers
532	2.3.1 Additional Error Numbers 2.4 Signal Concepts 2.4.1 Signal Generation and Delivery
533	2.4.2 Realtime Signal Generation and Delivery
534	2.4.3 Signal Actions
538	2.4.4 Signal Effects on Other Functions 2.5 Standard I/O Streams
539	2.5.1 Interaction of File Descriptors and Standard I/O Streams
541	2.5.2 Stream Orientation and Encoding Rules
542	2.6 STREAMS
543	2.6.1 Accessing STREAMS
544	2.7 XSI Interprocess Communication 2.7.1 IPC General Description
545	2.8 Realtime 2.8.1 Realtime Signals 2.8.2 Asynchronous I/O
547	2.8.3 Memory Management
549	2.8.4 Process Scheduling
553	2.8.5 Clocks and Timers
555	2.9 Threads 2.9.1 Thread-Safety
556	2.9.2 Thread IDs 2.9.3 Thread Mutexes
557	2.9.4 Thread Scheduling
559	2.9.5 Thread Cancellation
563	2.9.6 Thread Read-Write Locks
564	2.9.7 Thread Interactions with Regular File Operations 2.9.8 Use of Application-Managed Thread Stacks
565	2.10 Sockets 2.10.1 Address Families 2.10.2 Addressing 2.10.3 Protocols
566	2.10.4 Routing 2.10.5 Interfaces 2.10.6 Socket Types
567	2.10.7 Socket I/O Mode 2.10.8 Socket Owner 2.10.9 Socket Queue Limits 2.10.10 Pending Error
568	2.10.11 Socket Receive Queue 2.10.12 Socket Out-of-Band Data State
569	2.10.13 Connection Indication Queue 2.10.14 Signals 2.10.15 Asynchronous Errors
570	2.10.16 Use of Options
573	2.10.17 Use of Sockets for Local UNIX Connections 2.10.18 Use of Sockets over Internet Protocols
574	2.10.19 Use of Sockets over Internet Protocols Based on IPv4 2.10.20 Use of Sockets over Internet Protocols Based on IPv6
577	2.11 Tracing
579	2.11.1 Tracing Data Definitions
583	2.11.2 Trace Event Type Definitions
587	2.11.3 Trace Functions
588	2.12 Data Types 2.12.1 Defined Types
589	2.12.2 The char Type 2.12.3 Pointer Types
591	3 System Interfaces
592	FD_CLR
593	_Exit
598	_longjmp
600	_tolower
601	_toupper
602	a64l
604	abort
606	abs
607	accept
609	access
612	acos
614	acosh
616	acosl
617	aio_cancel
619	aio_error
621	aio_fsync
623	aio_read
626	aio_return
628	aio_suspend
630	aio_write
633	alarm
635	alphasort
638	asctime
641	asin
643	asinh
645	asinl
646	assert
647	atan
649	atan2
652	atanf
653	atanh
655	atanl
656	atexit
658	atof
659	atoi
661	atol
662	basename
664	bind
667	bsearch
670	btowc
671	cabs
672	cacos
673	cacosh
674	cacosl
675	calloc
677	carg
678	casin
679	casinh
680	casinl
681	catan
682	catanh
683	catanl
684	catclose
685	catgets
687	catopen
689	cbrt
690	ccos
691	ccosh
692	ccosl
693	ceil
695	cexp
696	cfgetispeed
698	cfgetospeed
699	cfsetispeed
700	cfsetospeed
701	chdir
703	chmod
707	chown
711	cimag
712	clearerr
713	clock
714	clock_getcpuclockid
715	clock_getres
719	clock_nanosleep
722	clock_settime
723	clog
724	close
728	closedir
730	closelog
734	confstr
737	conj
738	connect
741	copysign
742	cos
744	cosh
746	cosl
747	cpow
748	cproj
749	creal
750	creat
752	crypt
754	csin
755	csinh
756	csinl
757	csqrt
758	ctan
759	ctanh
760	ctanl
761	ctermid
763	ctime
765	daylight
766	dbm_clearerr
770	difftime
771	dirfd
773	dirname
775	div
776	dlclose
778	dlerror
780	dlopen
783	dlsym
785	dprintf
786	drand48
789	dup
791	duplocale
793	encrypt
795	endgrent
797	endhostent
799	endnetent
801	endprotoent
803	endpwent
806	endservent
808	endutxent
811	environ
812	erand48
813	erf
815	erfc
817	erff
818	errno
820	exec
833	exit
834	exp
836	exp2
838	expm1
840	fabs
842	faccessat
843	fattach
846	fchdir
847	fchmod
849	fchmodat
850	fchown
852	fchownat
853	fclose
855	fcntl
863	fdatasync
864	fdetach
866	fdim
868	fdopen
871	fdopendir
875	feclearexcept
876	fegetenv
877	fegetexceptflag
878	fegetround
880	feholdexcept
881	feof
882	feraiseexcept
883	ferror
884	fesetenv
885	fesetexceptflag
886	fesetround
887	fetestexcept
889	feupdateenv
891	fexecve
892	fflush
895	ffs
896	fgetc
898	fgetpos
900	fgets
902	fgetwc
904	fgetws
906	fileno
907	flockfile
909	floor
911	fma
913	fmax
914	fmemopen
917	fmin
918	fmod
920	fmtmsg
923	fnmatch
925	fopen
929	fork
934	fpathconf
940	fpclassify
941	fprintf
954	fputc
956	fputs
958	fputwc
960	fputws
961	fread
963	free
964	freeaddrinfo
969	freelocale
971	freopen
975	frexp
977	fscanf
985	fseek
988	fsetpos
990	fstat
993	fstatat
999	fstatvfs
1002	fsync
1004	ftell
1006	ftok
1009	ftruncate
1011	ftrylockfile
1012	ftw
1015	funlockfile
1016	futimens
1020	fwide
1021	fwprintf
1029	fwrite
1031	fwscanf
1038	gai_strerror
1039	getaddrinfo
1040	getc
1041	getc_unlocked
1043	getchar
1044	getchar_unlocked
1045	getcwd
1048	getdate
1053	getdelim
1055	getegid
1056	getenv
1059	geteuid
1060	getgid
1061	getgrent
1062	getgrgid
1066	getgrnam
1069	getgroups
1071	gethostent
1072	gethostid
1073	gethostname
1074	getitimer
1076	getline
1077	getlogin
1080	getmsg
1084	getnameinfo
1087	getnetbyaddr
1088	getopt
1093	getpeername
1095	getpgid
1096	getpgrp
1097	getpid
1098	getpmsg
1099	getppid
1100	getpriority
1103	getprotobyname
1104	getpwent
1105	getpwnam
1109	getpwuid
1113	getrlimit
1116	getrusage
1118	gets
1120	getservbyname
1121	getsid
1122	getsockname
1124	getsockopt
1126	getsubopt
1130	gettimeofday
1131	getuid
1132	getutxent
1133	getwc
1134	getwchar
1135	glob
1139	gmtime
1141	grantpt
1142	hcreate
1145	htonl
1146	hypot
1148	iconv
1151	iconv_close
1152	iconv_open
1154	if_freenameindex
1155	if_indextoname
1156	if_nameindex
1157	if_nametoindex
1158	ilogb
1160	imaxabs
1161	imaxdiv
1162	inet_addr
1164	inet_ntop
1166	initstate
1168	insque
1171	ioctl
1183	isalnum
1185	isalpha
1187	isascii
1188	isastream
1189	isatty
1190	isblank
1191	iscntrl
1193	isdigit
1195	isfinite
1196	isgraph
1198	isgreater
1199	isgreaterequal
1200	isinf
1201	isless
1202	islessequal
1203	islessgreater
1204	islower
1206	isnan
1207	isnormal
1208	isprint
1210	ispunct
1212	isspace
1214	isunordered
1215	isupper
1217	iswalnum
1219	iswalpha
1221	iswblank
1222	iswcntrl
1224	iswctype
1226	iswdigit
1228	iswgraph
1230	iswlower
1232	iswprint
1234	iswpunct
1236	iswspace
1238	iswupper
1240	iswxdigit
1242	isxdigit
1244	j0
1246	jrand48
1247	kill
1250	killpg
1252	l64a
1253	labs
1254	lchown
1257	lcong48
1258	ldexp
1260	ldiv
1261	lfind
1262	lgamma
1264	link
1269	lio_listio
1273	listen
1275	llabs
1276	lldiv
1277	llrint
1279	llround
1281	localeconv
1286	localtime
1290	lockf
1293	log
1295	log10
1297	log1p
1299	log2
1301	logb
1303	logf
1304	longjmp
1306	lrand48
1307	lrint
1309	lround
1311	lsearch
1313	lseek
1315	lstat
1316	malloc
1318	mblen
1320	mbrlen
1322	mbrtowc
1324	mbsinit
1325	mbsrtowcs
1327	mbstowcs
1329	mbtowc
1331	memccpy
1332	memchr
1333	memcmp
1334	memcpy
1335	memmove
1336	memset
1337	mkdir
1340	mkdtemp
1343	mkfifo
1346	mknod
1350	mkstemp
1351	mktime
1353	mlock
1355	mlockall
1357	mmap
1365	modf
1367	mprotect
1369	mq_close
1370	mq_getattr
1372	mq_notify
1375	mq_open
1378	mq_receive
1381	mq_send
1383	mq_setattr
1385	mq_timedreceive
1386	mq_timedsend
1387	mq_unlink
1389	mrand48
1390	msgctl
1392	msgget
1394	msgrcv
1397	msgsnd
1400	msync
1403	munlock
1404	munlockall
1405	munmap
1407	nan
1408	nanosleep
1410	nearbyint
1412	newlocale
1415	nextafter
1417	nftw
1421	nice
1423	nl_langinfo
1425	nrand48
1426	ntohl
1427	open
1436	open_memstream
1438	openat
1439	opendir
1440	openlog
1441	optarg
1442	pathconf
1443	pause
1444	pclose
1446	perror
1448	pipe
1451	poll
1455	popen
1458	posix_fadvise
1460	posix_fallocate
1462	posix_madvise
1464	posix_mem_offset
1466	posix_memalign
1468	posix_openpt
1470	posix_spawn
1478	posix_spawn_file_actions_addclose
1481	posix_spawn_file_actions_adddup2
1483	posix_spawn_file_actions_addopen
1484	posix_spawn_file_actions_destroy
1486	posix_spawnattr_destroy
1488	posix_spawnattr_getflags
1490	posix_spawnattr_getpgroup
1492	posix_spawnattr_getschedparam
1494	posix_spawnattr_getschedpolicy
1496	posix_spawnattr_getsigdefault
1498	posix_spawnattr_getsigmask
1500	posix_spawnattr_init
1501	posix_spawnattr_setflags
1502	posix_spawnattr_setpgroup
1503	posix_spawnattr_setschedparam
1504	posix_spawnattr_setschedpolicy
1505	posix_spawnattr_setsigdefault
1506	posix_spawnattr_setsigmask
1507	posix_spawnp
1508	posix_trace_attr_destroy
1510	posix_trace_attr_getclockres
1512	posix_trace_attr_getinherited
1515	posix_trace_attr_getlogsize
1518	posix_trace_attr_getname
1519	posix_trace_attr_getstreamfullpolicy
1520	posix_trace_attr_getstreamsize
1521	posix_trace_attr_init
1522	posix_trace_attr_setinherited
1523	posix_trace_attr_setlogsize
1524	posix_trace_attr_setname
1525	posix_trace_attr_setstreamfullpolicy
1526	posix_trace_attr_setstreamsize
1527	posix_trace_clear
1529	posix_trace_close
1531	posix_trace_create
1535	posix_trace_event
1537	posix_trace_eventid_equal
1539	posix_trace_eventid_open
1540	posix_trace_eventset_add
1542	posix_trace_eventtypelist_getnext_id
1544	posix_trace_flush
1545	posix_trace_get_attr
1547	posix_trace_get_filter
1549	posix_trace_get_status
1550	posix_trace_getnext_event
1553	posix_trace_open
1554	posix_trace_set_filter
1555	posix_trace_shutdown
1556	posix_trace_start
1558	posix_trace_timedgetnext_event
1559	posix_trace_trid_eventid_open
1560	posix_trace_trygetnext_event
1561	posix_typed_mem_get_info
1563	posix_typed_mem_open
1566	pow
1569	pread
1570	printf
1571	pselect
1576	psiginfo
1577	pthread_atfork
1580	pthread_attr_destroy
1583	pthread_attr_getdetachstate
1585	pthread_attr_getguardsize
1588	pthread_attr_getinheritsched
1590	pthread_attr_getschedparam
1592	pthread_attr_getschedpolicy
1594	pthread_attr_getscope
1596	pthread_attr_getstack
1599	pthread_attr_getstacksize
1601	pthread_attr_init
1602	pthread_attr_setdetachstate
1603	pthread_attr_setguardsize
1604	pthread_attr_setinheritsched
1605	pthread_attr_setschedparam
1606	pthread_attr_setschedpolicy
1607	pthread_attr_setscope
1608	pthread_attr_setstack
1609	pthread_attr_setstacksize
1610	pthread_barrier_destroy
1612	pthread_barrier_wait
1614	pthread_barrierattr_destroy
1616	pthread_barrierattr_getpshared
1618	pthread_barrierattr_init
1619	pthread_barrierattr_setpshared
1620	pthread_cancel
1622	pthread_cleanup_pop
1627	pthread_cond_broadcast
1630	pthread_cond_destroy
1633	pthread_cond_signal
1634	pthread_cond_timedwait
1640	pthread_condattr_destroy
1642	pthread_condattr_getclock
1644	pthread_condattr_getpshared
1646	pthread_condattr_init
1647	pthread_condattr_setclock
1648	pthread_condattr_setpshared
1649	pthread_create
1652	pthread_detach
1654	pthread_equal
1655	pthread_exit
1657	pthread_getconcurrency
1659	pthread_getcpuclockid
1660	pthread_getschedparam
1663	pthread_getspecific
1665	pthread_join
1668	pthread_key_create
1671	pthread_key_delete
1673	pthread_kill
1674	pthread_mutex_consistent
1676	pthread_mutex_destroy
1682	pthread_mutex_getprioceiling
1685	pthread_mutex_init
1686	pthread_mutex_lock
1690	pthread_mutex_setprioceiling
1691	pthread_mutex_timedlock
1694	pthread_mutex_trylock
1695	pthread_mutexattr_destroy
1700	pthread_mutexattr_getprioceiling
1702	pthread_mutexattr_getprotocol
1705	pthread_mutexattr_getpshared
1707	pthread_mutexattr_getrobust
1709	pthread_mutexattr_gettype
1711	pthread_mutexattr_init
1712	pthread_mutexattr_setprioceiling
1713	pthread_mutexattr_setprotocol
1714	pthread_mutexattr_setpshared
1715	pthread_mutexattr_setrobust
1716	pthread_mutexattr_settype
1717	pthread_once
1719	pthread_rwlock_destroy
1722	pthread_rwlock_rdlock
1725	pthread_rwlock_timedrdlock
1727	pthread_rwlock_timedwrlock
1729	pthread_rwlock_tryrdlock
1730	pthread_rwlock_trywrlock
1732	pthread_rwlock_unlock
1734	pthread_rwlock_wrlock
1735	pthread_rwlockattr_destroy
1737	pthread_rwlockattr_getpshared
1739	pthread_rwlockattr_init
1740	pthread_rwlockattr_setpshared
1741	pthread_self
1742	pthread_setcancelstate
1744	pthread_setconcurrency
1745	pthread_setschedparam
1746	pthread_setschedprio
1748	pthread_setspecific
1749	pthread_sigmask
1753	pthread_spin_destroy
1755	pthread_spin_lock
1757	pthread_spin_unlock
1759	pthread_testcancel
1760	ptsname
1761	putc
1762	putc_unlocked
1763	putchar
1764	putchar_unlocked
1765	putenv
1767	putmsg
1771	puts
1773	pututxline
1774	putwc
1775	putwchar
1776	pwrite
1777	qsort
1779	raise
1781	rand
1784	random
1785	read
1792	readdir
1797	readlink
1800	readv
1802	realloc
1804	realpath
1807	recv
1809	recvfrom
1812	recvmsg
1815	regcomp
1822	remainder
1824	remove
1826	remque
1827	remquo
1829	rename
1834	rewind
1835	rewinddir
1836	rint
1838	rmdir
1841	round
1843	scalbln
1845	scandir
1846	scanf
1847	sched_get_priority_max
1848	sched_getparam
1849	sched_getscheduler
1850	sched_rr_get_interval
1851	sched_setparam
1853	sched_setscheduler
1855	sched_yield
1856	seed48
1857	seekdir
1859	select
1860	sem_close
1862	sem_destroy
1864	sem_getvalue
1866	sem_init
1868	sem_open
1871	sem_post
1873	sem_timedwait
1876	sem_trywait
1878	sem_unlink
1880	sem_wait
1881	semctl
1884	semget
1887	semop
1892	send
1895	sendmsg
1899	sendto
1903	setbuf
1904	setegid
1905	setenv
1907	seteuid
1908	setgid
1910	setgrent
1911	sethostent
1912	setitimer
1913	setjmp
1915	setkey
1916	setlocale
1920	setlogmask
1921	setnetent
1922	setpgid
1925	setpgrp
1926	setpriority
1927	setprotoent
1928	setpwent
1929	setregid
1931	setreuid
1933	setrlimit
1934	setservent
1935	setsid
1937	setsockopt
1939	setstate
1940	setuid
1943	setutxent
1944	setvbuf
1946	shm_open
1951	shm_unlink
1953	shmat
1955	shmctl
1957	shmdt
1959	shmget
1961	shutdown
1963	sigaction
1971	sigaddset
1972	sigaltstack
1974	sigdelset
1975	sigemptyset
1977	sigfillset
1978	sighold
1981	siginterrupt
1983	sigismember
1984	siglongjmp
1985	signal
1987	signbit
1988	signgam
1989	sigpause
1990	sigpending
1991	sigprocmask
1992	sigqueue
1994	sigrelse
1995	sigsetjmp
1997	sigsuspend
1999	sigtimedwait
2003	sigwait
2005	sigwaitinfo
2006	sin
2008	sinh
2010	sinl
2011	sleep
2013	snprintf
2014	sockatmark
2016	socket
2018	socketpair
2020	sprintf
2021	sqrt
2023	srand
2024	srand48
2025	srandom
2026	sscanf
2027	stat
2028	statvfs
2029	stdin
2031	stpcpy
2032	stpncpy
2033	strcasecmp
2035	strcat
2036	strchr
2037	strcmp
2039	strcoll
2041	strcpy
2044	strcspn
2045	strdup
2047	strerror
2050	strfmon
2055	strftime
2064	strlen
2066	strncasecmp
2067	strncat
2068	strncmp
2069	strncpy
2071	strndup
2072	strnlen
2073	strpbrk
2074	strptime
2079	strrchr
2080	strsignal
2081	strspn
2082	strstr
2083	strtod
2087	strtoimax
2088	strtok
2091	strtol
2094	strtold
2095	strtoll
2096	strtoul
2099	strtoumax
2100	strxfrm
2102	swab
2103	swprintf
2104	swscanf
2105	symlink
2108	sync
2109	sysconf
2116	syslog
2117	system
2122	tan
2124	tanh
2126	tanl
2127	tcdrain
2129	tcflow
2131	tcflush
2133	tcgetattr
2135	tcgetpgrp
2137	tcgetsid
2138	tcsendbreak
2140	tcsetattr
2143	tcsetpgrp
2145	tdelete
2149	telldir
2150	tempnam
2152	tfind
2153	tgamma
2155	time
2158	timer_create
2161	timer_delete
2162	timer_getoverrun
2165	times
2168	timezone
2169	tmpfile
2171	tmpnam
2173	toascii
2174	tolower
2175	toupper
2177	towctrans
2179	towlower
2181	towupper
2183	trunc
2184	truncate
2186	truncf
2187	tsearch
2188	ttyname
2190	twalk
2191	tzset
2193	ulimit
2195	umask
2197	uname
2199	ungetc
2200	ungetwc
2202	unlink
2208	unlockpt
2209	unsetenv
2210	uselocale
2212	utime
2214	utimensat
2215	va_arg
2216	vfprintf
2218	vfscanf
2219	vfwprintf
2220	vfwscanf
2221	vprintf
2222	vscanf
2223	vsnprintf
2224	vsscanf
2225	vswprintf
2226	vswscanf
2227	vwprintf
2228	vwscanf
2229	wait
2238	waitid
2240	waitpid
2241	wcpcpy
2242	wcpncpy
2243	wcrtomb
2245	wcscasecmp
2247	wcscat
2248	wcschr
2249	wcscmp
2250	wcscoll
2252	wcscpy
2253	wcscspn
2254	wcsdup
2255	wcsftime
2257	wcslen
2258	wcsncasecmp
2259	wcsncat
2260	wcsncmp
2261	wcsncpy
2263	wcsnlen
2264	wcsnrtombs
2265	wcspbrk
2266	wcsrchr
2267	wcsrtombs
2269	wcsspn
2270	wcsstr
2271	wcstod
2275	wcstoimax
2276	wcstok
2278	wcstol
2281	wcstold
2282	wcstoll
2283	wcstombs
2285	wcstoul
2288	wcstoumax
2289	wcswidth
2290	wcsxfrm
2292	wctob
2293	wctomb
2295	wctrans
2297	wctype
2299	wcwidth
2300	wmemchr
2301	wmemcmp
2302	wmemcpy
2303	wmemmove
2304	wmemset
2305	wordexp
2310	wprintf
2311	write
2319	writev
2321	wscanf
2322	y0
2325	XCU
2327	1 Introduction 1.1 Relationship to Other Documents 1.1.1 System Interfaces
2331	1.1.2 Concepts Derived from the ISO C Standard
2333	1.2 Utility Limits
2335	1.3 Grammar Conventions
2336	1.4 Utility Description Defaults
2343	1.5 Considerations for Utilities in Support of Files of Arbitrary Size
2344	1.6 Built-In Utilities
2345	2 Shell Command Language 2.1 Shell Introduction
2346	2.2 Quoting 2.2.1 Escape Character (Backslash) 2.2.2 Single-Quotes 2.2.3 Double-Quotes
2347	2.3 Token Recognition
2348	2.3.1 Alias Substitution
2349	2.4 Reserved Words 2.5 Parameters and Variables 2.5.1 Positional Parameters
2350	2.5.2 Special Parameters 2.5.3 Shell Variables
2353	2.6 Word Expansions 2.6.1 Tilde Expansion
2354	2.6.2 Parameter Expansion
2357	2.6.3 Command Substitution
2358	2.6.4 Arithmetic Expansion
2359	2.6.5 Field Splitting 2.6.6 Pathname Expansion 2.6.7 Quote Removal
2360	2.7 Redirection 2.7.1 Redirecting Input
2361	2.7.2 Redirecting Output 2.7.3 Appending Redirected Output 2.7.4 Here-Document
2362	2.7.5 Duplicating an Input File Descriptor 2.7.6 Duplicating an Output File Descriptor
2363	2.7.7 Open File Descriptors for Reading and Writing 2.8 Exit Status and Errors 2.8.1 Consequences of Shell Errors 2.8.2 Exit Status for Commands
2364	2.9 Shell Commands 2.9.1 Simple Commands
2366	2.9.2 Pipelines
2367	2.9.3 Lists
2369	2.9.4 Compound Commands
2372	2.9.5 Function Definition Command
2373	2.10 Shell Grammar 2.10.1 Shell Grammar Lexical Conventions 2.10.2 Shell Grammar Rules
2378	2.11 Signals and Error Handling
2379	2.12 Shell Execution Environment
2380	2.13 Pattern Matching Notation 2.13.1 Patterns Matching a Single Character 2.13.2 Patterns Matching Multiple Characters
2381	2.13.3 Patterns Used for Filename Expansion
2382	2.14 Special Built-In Utilities
2383	break
2385	colon
2387	continue
2389	dot
2391	eval
2393	exec
2395	exit
2397	export
2400	readonly
2403	return
2405	set
2412	shift
2414	times
2416	trap
2420	unset
2423	3 Batch Environment Services 3.1 General Concepts 3.1.1 Batch Client-Server Interaction
2424	3.1.2 Batch Queues 3.1.3 Batch Job Creation 3.1.4 Batch Job Tracking
2425	3.1.5 Batch Job Routing 3.1.6 Batch Job Execution
2426	3.1.7 Batch Job Exit 3.1.8 Batch Job Abort 3.1.9 Batch Authorization 3.1.10 Batch Administration
2427	3.1.11 Batch Notification 3.2 Batch Services
2428	3.2.1 Batch Job States
2429	3.2.2 Deferred Batch Services
2438	3.2.3 Requested Batch Services
2445	3.3 Common Behavior for Batch Environment Utilities 3.3.1 Batch Job Identifier
2446	3.3.2 Destination
2447	3.3.3 Multiple Keyword-Value Pairs
2449	4 Utilities
2450	admin
2455	alias
2458	ar
2466	asa
2469	at
2478	awk
2512	basename
2515	batch
2518	bc
2533	bg
2536	c99
2547	cal
2549	cat
2553	cd
2558	cflow
2561	chgrp
2564	chmod
2571	chown
2575	cksum
2580	cmp
2583	comm
2586	command
2592	compress
2595	cp
2603	crontab
2607	csplit
2611	ctags
2616	cut
2620	cxref
2623	date
2630	dd
2639	delta
2643	df
2647	diff
2656	dirname
2659	du
2663	echo
2666	ed
2682	env
2686	ex
2759	expand
2762	expr
2767	false
2769	fc
2775	fg
2777	file
2785	find
2795	fold
2799	fort77
2805	fuser
2808	gencat
2812	get
2820	getconf
2826	getopts
2831	grep
2836	hash
2839	head
2842	iconv
2846	id
2850	ipcrm
2852	ipcs
2859	jobs
2863	join
2868	kill
2873	lex
2885	link
2887	ln
2892	locale
2898	localedef
2902	logger
2905	logname
2907	lp
2912	ls
2921	m4
2930	mailx
2956	make
2978	man
2982	mesg
2985	mkdir
2988	mkfifo
2991	more
3003	mv
3009	newgrp
3013	nice
3017	nl
3021	nm
3026	nohup
3030	od
3038	paste
3042	patch
3049	pathchk
3054	pax
3092	pr
3097	printf
3103	prs
3108	ps
3115	pwd
3118	qalter
3128	qdel
3131	qhold
3134	qmove
3137	qmsg
3140	qrerun
3143	qrls
3146	qselect
3155	qsig
3158	qstat
3163	qsub
3176	read
3179	renice
3183	rm
3188	rmdel
3190	rmdir
3193	sact
3196	sccs
3201	sed
3211	sh
3228	sleep
3231	sort
3238	split
3242	strings
3245	strip
3247	stty
3256	tabs
3260	tail
3264	talk
3268	tee
3271	test
3280	time
3284	touch
3290	tput
3293	tr
3300	true
3302	tsort
3305	tty
3307	type
3309	ulimit
3311	umask
3315	unalias
3317	uname
3320	uncompress
3323	unexpand
3326	unget
3329	uniq
3333	unlink
3335	uucp
3339	uudecode
3342	uuencode
3347	uustat
3350	uux
3354	val
3357	vi
3412	wait
3416	wc
3419	what
3422	who
3426	write
3429	xargs
3436	yacc
3453	zcat
3455	XRAT
3459	A Rationale for Base Definitions A.1 Introduction A.1.1 Scope
3462	A.1.2 Conformance A.1.3 Normative References A.1.4 Change History A.1.5 Terminology
3464	A.1.6 Definitions and Concepts A.1.7 Portability
3465	A.2 Conformance A.2.1 Implementation Conformance
3469	A.2.2 Application Conformance A.2.3 Language-Dependent Services for the C Programming Language
3470	A.2.4 Other Language-Related Specifications A.3 Definitions
3491	A.4 General Concepts A.4.1 Concurrent Execution
3492	A.4.2 Directory Protection A.4.3 Extended Security Controls A.4.4 File Access Permissions A.4.5 File Hierarchy
3493	A.4.6 Filenames
3494	A.4.7 Filename Portability A.4.8 File Times Update
3495	A.4.9 Host and Network Byte Order A.4.10 Measurement of Execution Time A.4.11 Memory Synchronization
3497	A.4.12 Pathname Resolution
3498	A.4.13 Process ID Reuse A.4.14 Scheduling Policy A.4.15 Seconds Since the Epoch
3500	A.4.16 Semaphore A.4.17 Thread-Safety A.4.18 Tracing A.4.19 Treatment of Error Conditions for Mathematical Functions A.4.20 Treatment of NaN Arguments for Mathematical Functions A.4.21 Utility A.4.22 Variable Assignment A.5 File Format Notation
3501	A.6 Character Set A.6.1 Portable Character Set
3502	A.6.2 Character Encoding A.6.3 C Language Wide-Character Codes A.6.4 Character Set Description File
3504	A.7 Locale A.7.1 General
3505	A.7.2 POSIX Locale A.7.3 Locale Definition
3512	A.7.4 Locale Definition Grammar A.7.5 Locale Definition Example
3515	A.8 Environment Variables A.8.1 Environment Variable Definition
3516	A.8.2 Internationalization Variables
3517	A.8.3 Other Environment Variables
3518	A.9 Regular Expressions
3519	A.9.1 Regular Expression Definitions A.9.2 Regular Expression General Requirements
3520	A.9.3 Basic Regular Expressions
3523	A.9.4 Extended Regular Expressions
3525	A.9.5 Regular Expression Grammar
3526	A.10 Directory Structure and Devices A.10.1 Directory Structure and Files A.10.2 Output Devices and Terminal Types A.11 General Terminal Interface
3527	A.11.1 Interface Characteristics
3531	A.11.2 Parameters that Can be Set
3533	A.12 Utility Conventions A.12.1 Utility Argument Syntax
3534	A.12.2 Utility Syntax Guidelines
3536	A.13 Headers A.13.1 Format of Entries
3537	A.13.2 Removed Headers in Issue 7
3541	B Rationale for System Interfaces B.1 Introduction B.1.1 Change History
3544	B.1.2 Relationship to Other Formal Standards B.1.3 Format of Entries
3545	B.2 General Information B.2.1 Use and Implementation of Interfaces
3546	B.2.2 The Compilation Environment
3551	B.2.3 Error Numbers
3555	B.2.4 Signal Concepts
3565	B.2.5 Standard I/O Streams B.2.6 STREAMS
3566	B.2.7 XSI Interprocess Communication
3567	B.2.8 Realtime
3612	B.2.9 Threads
3640	B.2.10 Sockets
3642	B.2.11 Tracing
3668	B.2.12 Data Types
3670	B.3 System Interfaces B.3.1 System Interfaces Removed in this Version
3673	B.3.2 System Interfaces Removed in the Previous Version B.3.3 Examples for Spawn
3685	C Rationale for Shell and Utilities C.1 Introduction C.1.1 Change History
3686	C.1.2 Relationship to Other Documents
3687	C.1.3 Utility Limits
3690	C.1.4 Grammar Conventions C.1.5 Utility Description Defaults
3693	C.1.6 Considerations for Utilities in Support of Files of Arbitrary Size
3694	C.1.7 Built-In Utilities
3696	C.2 Shell Command Language C.2.1 Shell Introduction C.2.2 Quoting
3698	C.2.3 Token Recognition
3699	C.2.4 Reserved Words C.2.5 Parameters and Variables
3702	C.2.6 Word Expansions
3708	C.2.7 Redirection
3710	C.2.8 Exit Status and Errors C.2.9 Shell Commands
3717	C.2.10 Shell Grammar
3719	C.2.11 Signals and Error Handling C.2.12 Shell Execution Environment C.2.13 Pattern Matching Notation
3721	C.2.14 Special Built-In Utilities C.3 Batch Environment Services and Utilities
3724	C.3.1 Batch General Concepts
3726	C.3.2 Batch Services
3727	C.3.3 Common Behavior for Batch Environment Utilities C.4 Utilities C.4.1 Utilities Removed in this Version C.4.2 Utilities Removed in the Previous Version C.4.3 Exclusion of Utilities
3733	D Portability Considerations (Informative) D.1 User Requirements
3734	D.1.1 Configuration Interrogation D.1.2 Process Management D.1.3 Access to Data D.1.4 Access to the Environment D.1.5 Access to Determinism and Performance Enhancements
3735	D.1.6 Operating System-Dependent Profile D.1.7 I/O Interaction D.1.8 Internationalization Interaction D.1.9 C-Language Extensions D.1.10 Command Language D.1.11 Interactive Facilities D.1.12 Accomplish Multiple Tasks Simultaneously
3736	D.1.13 Complex Data Manipulation D.1.14 File Hierarchy Manipulation D.1.15 Locale Configuration D.1.16 Inter-User Communication D.1.17 System Environment D.1.18 Printing D.1.19 Software Development
3737	D.2 Portability Capabilities D.2.1 Configuration Interrogation
3738	D.2.2 Process Management D.2.3 Access to Data
3739	D.2.4 Access to the Environment
3740	D.2.5 Bounded (Realtime) Response D.2.6 Operating System-Dependent Profile D.2.7 I/O Interaction
3741	D.2.8 Internationalization Interaction D.2.9 C-Language Extensions D.2.10 Command Language
3742	D.2.11 Interactive Facilities D.2.12 Accomplish Multiple Tasks Simultaneously D.2.13 Complex Data Manipulation
3743	D.2.14 File Hierarchy Manipulation D.2.15 Locale Configuration D.2.16 Inter-User Communication
3744	D.2.17 System Environment D.2.18 Printing D.2.19 Software Development D.2.20 Future Growth
3745	D.3 Profiling Considerations D.3.1 Configuration Options D.3.2 Configuration Options (Shell and Utilities)
3747	D.3.3 Configurable Limits D.3.4 Configuration Options (System Interfaces)
3752	D.3.5 Configurable Limits
3755	D.3.6 Optional Behavior
3759	E Subprofiling Considerations (Informative) E.1 Subprofiling Option Groups
3765	Index

Additional information

Standard Title	Standard for Information Technology – Portable Operating System Interface (POSIX(R))
Published Code	IEEE
Publication Date	2008
Pages Count	3874

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IEEE 1003.1 2008

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