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IEEE 1003.1, 2013 Edition

IEEE 1003.1, 2013 Edition

$277.50

IEEE Standard for Information Technology—Portable Operating System Interface (POSIX(TM)) Base Specifications, Issue 7

Published By Publication Date Number of Pages
IEEE 2013
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– Superseded. POSIX.1-2008 is simultaneously IEEE Std 1003.1™-2008 and The Open Group Technical Standard Base Specifications, Issue 7. This 2013 Edition includes IEEE Std 1003.1-2008/Cor 1-2013 incorporated into IEEE Std 1003.1-2008 (the base document). The Technical Corrigendum addresses problems discovered since the approval of IEEE Std 1003.1-2008. POSIX.1-2008 defines a standard operating system interface and environment, including a command interpreter (or “shell”), and common utility programs to support applications portability at the source code level. POSIX.1-2008 is intended to be used by both application developers and system implementors and comprises four major components (each in an associated volume).

PDF Catalog

PDF Pages PDF Title
1 IEEE Std 1003.1, 2013 Edition Front Cover
3 Title Page
4 Abstract
Keywords
6 Notice & Disclaimer
7 The Open Group
8 Notice to Users
9 Participants
15 Introduction
21 Contents
41 Trademarks
42 Acknowledgements
43 Referenced Documents
50 IMPORTANT NOTICE
51 XBD
53 1 Introduction
1.1 Scope
54 1.2 Conformance
1.3 Normative References
55 1.4 Change History
1.5 Terminology
56 1.6 Definitions and Concepts
1.7 Portability
57 1.7.1 Codes
63 1.7.2 Margin Code Notation
65 2 Conformance
2.1 Implementation Conformance
2.1.1 Requirements
66 2.1.2 Documentation
2.1.3 POSIX Conformance
69 2.1.4 XSI Conformance
70 2.1.5 Option Groups
76 2.1.6 Options
79 2.2 Application Conformance
2.2.1 Strictly Conforming POSIX Application
80 2.2.2 Conforming POSIX Application
2.2.3 Conforming POSIX Application Using Extensions
2.2.4 Strictly Conforming XSI Application
81 2.2.5 Conforming XSI Application Using Extensions
2.3 Language-Dependent Services for the C Programming Language
2.4 Other Language-Related Specifications
83 3 Definitions
3.1 Abortive Release
3.2 Absolute Pathname
3.3 Access Mode
3.4 Additional File Access Control Mechanism
3.5 Address Space
84 3.6 Advisory Information
3.7 Affirmative Response
3.8 Alert
3.9 Alert Character ()
3.10 Alias Name
85 3.11 Alignment
3.12 Alternate File Access Control Mechanism
3.13 Alternate Signal Stack
3.14 Ancillary Data
3.15 Angle Brackets
3.16 Apostrophe Character ()
3.17 Application
86 3.18 Application Address
3.19 Application Program Interface (API)
3.20 Appropriate Privileges
3.21 Argument
3.22 Arm (a Timer)
3.23 Asterisk Character ()
3.24 Async-Cancel-Safe Function
87 3.25 Asynchronous Events
3.26 Asynchronous Input and Output
3.27 Async-Signal-Safe Function
3.28 Asynchronously-Generated Signal
3.29 Asynchronous I/O Completion
3.30 Asynchronous I/O Operation
3.31 Authentication
88 3.32 Authorization
3.33 Background Job
3.34 Background Process
3.35 Background Process Group (or Background Job)
3.36 Backquote Character
3.37 Backslash Character ()
3.38 Backspace Character ()
89 3.39 Barrier
3.40 Basename
3.41 Basic Regular Expression (BRE)
3.42 Batch Access List
3.43 Batch Administrator
3.44 Batch Client
90 3.45 Batch Destination
3.46 Batch Destination Identifier
3.47 Batch Directive
3.48 Batch Job
3.49 Batch Job Attribute
3.50 Batch Job Identifier
91 3.51 Batch Job Name
3.52 Batch Job Owner
3.53 Batch Job Priority
3.54 Batch Job State
3.55 Batch Name Service
3.56 Batch Name Space
92 3.57 Batch Node
3.58 Batch Operator
3.59 Batch Queue
3.60 Batch Queue Attribute
3.61 Batch Queue Position
3.62 Batch Queue Priority
93 3.63 Batch Rerunability
3.64 Batch Restart
3.65 Batch Server
3.66 Batch Server Name
3.67 Batch Service
3.68 Batch Service Request
3.69 Batch Submission
94 3.70 Batch System
3.71 Batch Target User
3.72 Batch User
3.73 Bind
3.74 Blank Character ()
3.75 Blank Line
3.76 Blocked Process (or Thread)
3.77 Blocking
95 3.78 Block-Mode Terminal
3.79 Block Special File
3.80 Braces
3.81 Brackets
3.82 Broadcast
96 3.83 Built-In Utility (or Built-In)
3.84 Byte
3.85 Byte Input/Output Functions
3.86 Carriage-Return Character ()
97 3.87 Character
3.88 Character Array
3.89 Character Class
3.90 Character Set
3.91 Character Special File
3.92 Character String
98 3.93 Child Process
3.94 Circumflex Character ()
3.95 Clock
3.96 Clock Jump
3.97 Clock Tick
3.98 Coded Character Set
99 3.99 Codeset
3.100 Collating Element
3.101 Collation
3.102 Collation Sequence
100 3.103 Column Position
3.104 Command
3.105 Command Language Interpreter
3.106 Composite Graphic Symbol
3.107 Condition Variable
101 3.108 Connected Socket
3.109 Connection
3.110 Connection Mode
3.111 Connectionless Mode
3.112 Control Character
3.113 Control Operator
3.114 Controlling Process
102 3.115 Controlling Terminal
3.116 Conversion Descriptor
3.117 Core File
3.118 CPU Time (Execution Time)
3.119 CPU-Time Clock
3.120 CPU-Time Timer
3.121 Current Job
103 3.122 Current Working Directory
3.123 Cursor Position
3.124 Datagram
3.125 Data Segment
3.126 Deferred Batch Service
3.127 Device
3.128 Device ID
3.129 Directory
3.130 Directory Entry (or Link)
104 3.131 Directory Stream
3.132 Disarm (a Timer)
3.133 Display
3.134 Display Line
3.135 Dollar-Sign Character ()
3.136 Dot
105 3.137 Dot-Dot
3.138 Double-Quote Character
3.139 Downshifting
3.140 Driver
3.141 Effective Group ID
3.142 Effective User ID
3.143 Eight-Bit Transparency
106 3.144 Empty Directory
3.145 Empty Line
3.146 Empty String (or Null String)
3.147 Empty Wide-Character String
3.148 Encoding Rule
3.149 Entire Regular Expression
107 3.150 Epoch
3.151 Equivalence Class
3.152 Era
3.153 Event Management
3.154 Executable File
108 3.155 Execute
3.156 Execution Time
3.157 Execution Time Monitoring
3.158 Expand
3.159 Extended Regular Expression (ERE)
3.160 Extended Security Controls
109 3.161 Feature Test Macro
3.162 Field
3.163 FIFO Special File (or FIFO)
3.164 File
3.165 File Description
110 3.166 File Descriptor
3.167 File Group Class
3.168 File Mode
3.169 File Mode Bits
3.170 Filename
111 3.171 Filename String
3.172 File Offset
3.173 File Other Class
3.174 File Owner Class
3.175 File Permission Bits
3.176 File Serial Number
3.177 File System
112 3.178 File Type
3.179 Filter
3.180 First Open (of a File)
3.181 Flow Control
3.182 Foreground Job
3.183 Foreground Process
3.184 Foreground Process Group (or Foreground Job)
3.185 Foreground Process Group ID
113 3.186 Form-Feed Character ()
3.187 Graphic Character
3.188 Group Database
3.189 Group ID
3.190 Group Name
3.191 Hard Limit
114 3.192 Hard Link
3.193 Home Directory
3.194 Host Byte Order
3.195 Incomplete Line
3.196 Inf
3.197 Instrumented Application
3.198 Interactive Shell
115 3.199 Internationalization
3.200 Interprocess Communication
3.201 Invoke
3.202 Job
3.203 Job Control
3.204 Job Control Job ID
116 3.205 Last Close (of a File)
3.206 Line
3.207 Linger
3.208 Link
3.209 Link Count
3.210 Local Customs
3.211 Local Interprocess Communication (Local IPC)
117 3.212 Locale
3.213 Localization
3.214 Login
3.215 Login Name
3.216 Map
3.217 Marked Message
118 3.218 Matched
3.219 Memory Mapped Files
3.220 Memory Object
3.221 Memory-Resident
3.222 Message
3.223 Message Catalog
119 3.224 Message Catalog Descriptor
3.225 Message Queue
3.226 Mode
3.227 Monotonic Clock
3.228 Mount Point
3.229 Multi-Character Collating Element
3.230 Mutex
120 3.231 Name
3.232 Named STREAM
3.233 NaN (Not a Number)
3.234 Native Language
3.235 Negative Response
3.236 Network
3.237 Network Address
121 3.238 Network Byte Order
3.239 Newline Character ()
3.240 Nice Value
3.241 Non-Blocking
3.242 Non-Spacing Characters
122 3.243 NUL
3.244 Null Byte
3.245 Null Pointer
3.246 Null String
3.247 Null Wide-Character Code
3.248 Number-Sign Character ()
3.249 Object File
3.250 Octet
123 3.251 Offset Maximum
3.252 Opaque Address
3.253 Open File
3.254 Open File Description
3.255 Operand
3.256 Operator
124 3.257 Option
3.258 Option-Argument
3.259 Orientation
3.260 Orphaned Process Group
3.261 Page
3.262 Page Size
125 3.263 Parameter
3.264 Parent Directory
3.265 Parent Process
3.266 Parent Process ID
3.267 Pathname
126 3.268 Pathname Component
3.269 Path Prefix
3.270 Pattern
3.271 Period Character ()
127 3.272 Permissions
3.273 Persistence
3.274 Pipe
3.275 Polling
3.276 Portable Character Set
128 3.277 Portable Filename
3.278 Portable Filename Character Set
3.279 Positional Parameter
3.280 Preallocation
3.281 Preempted Process (or Thread)
3.282 Previous Job
129 3.283 Printable Character
3.284 Printable File
3.285 Priority
3.286 Priority Band
3.287 Priority Inversion
3.288 Priority Scheduling
3.289 Priority-Based Scheduling
130 3.290 Privilege
3.291 Process
3.292 Process Group
3.293 Process Group ID
3.294 Process Group Leader
3.295 Process Group Lifetime
131 3.296 Process ID
3.297 Process Lifetime
3.298 Process Memory Locking
3.299 Process Termination
3.300 Process-To-Process Communication
132 3.301 Process Virtual Time
3.302 Program
3.303 Protocol
3.304 Pseudo-Terminal
3.305 Radix Character
3.306 Read-Only File System
3.307 Read-Write Lock
133 3.308 Real Group ID
3.309 Real Time
3.310 Realtime Signal Extension
3.311 Real User ID
3.312 Record
3.313 Redirection
134 3.314 Redirection Operator
3.315 Referenced Shared Memory Object
3.316 Refresh
3.317 Regular Expression
3.318 Region
3.319 Regular File
135 3.320 Relative Pathname
3.321 Relocatable File
3.322 Relocation
3.323 Requested Batch Service
3.324 (Time) Resolution
3.325 Robust Mutex
3.326 Root Directory
3.327 Runnable Process (or Thread)
136 3.328 Running Process (or Thread)
3.329 Saved Resource Limits
3.330 Saved Set-Group-ID
3.331 Saved Set-User-ID
3.332 Scheduling
3.333 Scheduling Allocation Domain
3.334 Scheduling Contention Scope
137 3.335 Scheduling Policy
3.336 Screen
3.337 Scroll
3.338 Semaphore
138 3.339 Session
3.340 Session Leader
3.341 Session Lifetime
3.342 Shared Memory Object
3.343 Shell
3.344 Shell, the
139 3.345 Shell Script
3.346 Signal
3.347 Signal Stack
3.348 Single-Quote Character
3.349 Slash Character ()
3.350 Socket
3.351 Socket Address
140 3.352 Soft Limit
3.353 Source Code
3.354 Space Character ()
3.355 Spawn
3.356 Special Built-In
141 3.357 Special Parameter
3.358 Spin Lock
3.359 Sporadic Server
3.360 Standard Error
3.361 Standard Input
3.362 Standard Output
3.363 Standard Utilities
142 3.364 Stream
3.365 STREAM
3.366 STREAM End
3.367 STREAM Head
3.368 STREAMS Multiplexor
3.369 String
143 3.370 Subshell
3.371 Successfully Transferred
3.372 Supplementary Group ID
3.373 Suspended Job
3.374 Symbolic Constant
144 3.375 Symbolic Link
3.376 Synchronized Input and Output
3.377 Synchronized I/O Completion
3.378 Synchronized I/O Data Integrity Completion
3.379 Synchronized I/O File Integrity Completion
3.380 Synchronized I/O Operation
145 3.381 Synchronous I/O Operation
3.382 Synchronously-Generated Signal
3.383 System
3.384 System Boot
3.385 System Clock
3.386 System Console
3.387 System Crash
146 3.388 System Databases
3.389 System Documentation
3.390 System Process
3.391 System Reboot
3.392 System Trace Event
3.393 System-Wide
147 3.394 Tab Character ()
3.395 Terminal (or Terminal Device)
3.396 Text Column
3.397 Text File
3.398 Thread
3.399 Thread ID
148 3.400 Thread List
3.401 Thread-Safe
3.402 Thread-Specific Data Key
3.403 Tilde Character ()
3.404 Timeouts
3.405 Timer
3.406 Timer Overrun
149 3.407 Token
3.408 Trace Analyzer Process
3.409 Trace Controller Process
3.410 Trace Event
3.411 Trace Event Type
3.412 Trace Event Type Mapping
3.413 Trace Filter
3.414 Trace Generation Version
150 3.415 Trace Log
3.416 Trace Point
3.417 Trace Stream
3.418 Trace Stream Identifier
3.419 Trace System
3.420 Traced Process
3.421 Tracing Status of a Trace Stream
3.422 Typed Memory Name Space
151 3.423 Typed Memory Object
3.424 Typed Memory Pool
3.425 Typed Memory Port
3.426 Unbind
3.427 Unit Data
3.428 Upshifting
3.429 User Database
152 3.430 User ID
3.431 User Name
3.432 User Trace Event
3.433 Utility
153 3.434 Variable
3.435 Vertical-Tab Character ()
3.436 White Space
3.437 Wide-Character Code (C Language)
3.438 Wide-Character Input/Output Functions
3.439 Wide-Character String
154 3.440 Word
3.441 Working Directory (or Current Working Directory)
3.442 Worldwide Portability Interface
3.443 Write
3.444 XSI
155 3.445 XSI-Conformant
3.446 Zombie Process
3.447 Plus or Minus Zero
157 4 General Concepts
4.1 Concurrent Execution
4.2 Directory Protection
4.3 Extended Security Controls
158 4.4 File Access Permissions
4.5 File Hierarchy
159 4.6 Filenames
4.7 Filename Portability
4.8 File Times Update
160 4.9 Host and Network Byte Orders
4.10 Measurement of Execution Time
4.11 Memory Synchronization
161 4.12 Pathname Resolution
162 4.13 Process ID Reuse
4.14 Scheduling Policy
163 4.15 Seconds Since the Epoch
4.16 Semaphore
164 4.17 Thread-Safety
4.18 Tracing
166 4.19 Treatment of Error Conditions for Mathematical Functions
4.19.1 Domain Error
167 4.19.2 Pole Error
4.19.3 Range Error
168 4.20 Treatment of NaN Arguments for the Mathematical Functions
4.21 Utility
4.22 Variable Assignment
171 5 File Format Notation
175 6 Character Set
6.1 Portable Character Set
178 6.2 Character Encoding
179 6.3 C Language Wide-Character Codes
6.4 Character Set Description File
182 6.4.1 State-Dependent Character Encodings
185 7 Locale
7.1 General
186 7.2 POSIX Locale
7.3 Locale Definition
189 7.3.1 LC_CTYPE
197 7.3.2 LC_COLLATE
204 7.3.3 LC_MONETARY
207 7.3.4 LC_NUMERIC
209 7.3.5 LC_TIME
214 7.3.6 LC_MESSAGES
215 7.4 Locale Definition Grammar
7.4.1 Locale Lexical Conventions
216 7.4.2 Locale Grammar
223 8 Environment Variables
8.1 Environment Variable Definition
224 8.2 Internationalization Variables
227 8.3 Other Environment Variables
231 9 Regular Expressions
9.1 Regular Expression Definitions
232 9.2 Regular Expression General Requirements
233 9.3 Basic Regular Expressions
9.3.1 BREs Matching a Single Character or Collating Element
9.3.2 BRE Ordinary Characters
9.3.3 BRE Special Characters
234 9.3.4 Periods in BREs
9.3.5 RE Bracket Expression
236 9.3.6 BREs Matching Multiple Characters
237 9.3.7 BRE Precedence
9.3.8 BRE Expression Anchoring
238 9.4 Extended Regular Expressions
9.4.1 EREs Matching a Single Character or Collating Element
9.4.2 ERE Ordinary Characters
9.4.3 ERE Special Characters
239 9.4.4 Periods in EREs
9.4.5 ERE Bracket Expression
9.4.6 EREs Matching Multiple Characters
240 9.4.7 ERE Alternation
9.4.8 ERE Precedence
241 9.4.9 ERE Expression Anchoring
9.5 Regular Expression Grammar
9.5.1 BRE/ERE Grammar Lexical Conventions
242 9.5.2 RE and Bracket Expression Grammar
245 9.5.3 ERE Grammar
247 10 Directory Structure and Devices
10.1 Directory Structure and Files
248 10.2 Output Devices and Terminal Types
249 11 General Terminal Interface
11.1 Interface Characteristics
11.1.1 Opening a Terminal Device File
250 11.1.2 Process Groups
11.1.3 The Controlling Terminal
251 11.1.4 Terminal Access Control
11.1.5 Input Processing and Reading Data
252 11.1.6 Canonical Mode Input Processing
11.1.7 Non-Canonical Mode Input Processing
253 11.1.8 Writing Data and Output Processing
254 11.1.9 Special Characters
255 11.1.10 Modem Disconnect
11.1.11 Closing a Terminal Device File
11.2 Parameters that Can be Set
11.2.1 The termios Structure
256 11.2.2 Input Modes
257 11.2.3 Output Modes
259 11.2.4 Control Modes
260 11.2.5 Local Modes
262 11.2.6 Special Control Characters
263 12 Utility Conventions
12.1 Utility Argument Syntax
265 12.2 Utility Syntax Guidelines
269 13 Headers
270
272
273
274
277
279
281
283
284
288
293
297
302
304
305
307
309
311
312
315
316
319
320
336
339
346
347
349
351
352
356
360
361
362
364
370
372
374
376
378
380
381
390
392
394
395
397
404
408
412
414
415
420
422
425
427
429
431
433
435
441
446
448
450
451
455
456
457
458
460
462
464
470
474
478
482
483
504
505
507
512
514
517 XSH
519 1 Introduction
1.1 Relationship to Other Formal Standards
1.2 Format of Entries
521 2 General Information
2.1 Use and Implementation of Interfaces
2.1.1 Use and Implementation of Functions
522 2.1.2 Use and Implementation of Macros
2.2 The Compilation Environment
2.2.1 POSIX.1 Symbols
523 2.2.2 The Name Space
531 2.3 Error Numbers
538 2.3.1 Additional Error Numbers
2.4 Signal Concepts
2.4.1 Signal Generation and Delivery
539 2.4.2 Realtime Signal Generation and Delivery
540 2.4.3 Signal Actions
545 2.4.4 Signal Effects on Other Functions
2.5 Standard I/O Streams
546 2.5.1 Interaction of File Descriptors and Standard I/O Streams
548 2.5.2 Stream Orientation and Encoding Rules
549 2.6 STREAMS
550 2.6.1 Accessing STREAMS
551 2.7 XSI Interprocess Communication
2.7.1 IPC General Description
552 2.8 Realtime
2.8.1 Realtime Signals
553 2.8.2 Asynchronous I/O
554 2.8.3 Memory Management
556 2.8.4 Process Scheduling
560 2.8.5 Clocks and Timers
562 2.9 Threads
2.9.1 Thread-Safety
563 2.9.2 Thread IDs
2.9.3 Thread Mutexes
564 2.9.4 Thread Scheduling
566 2.9.5 Thread Cancellation
570 2.9.6 Thread Read-Write Locks
571 2.9.7 Thread Interactions with Regular File Operations
2.9.8 Use of Application-Managed Thread Stacks
572 2.10 Sockets
2.10.1 Address Families
2.10.2 Addressing
2.10.3 Protocols
573 2.10.4 Routing
2.10.5 Interfaces
2.10.6 Socket Types
574 2.10.7 Socket I/O Mode
2.10.8 Socket Owner
2.10.9 Socket Queue Limits
2.10.10 Pending Error
575 2.10.11 Socket Receive Queue
2.10.12 Socket Out-of-Band Data State
576 2.10.13 Connection Indication Queue
2.10.14 Signals
2.10.15 Asynchronous Errors
577 2.10.16 Use of Options
580 2.10.17 Use of Sockets for Local UNIX Connections
2.10.18 Use of Sockets over Internet Protocols
581 2.10.19 Use of Sockets over Internet Protocols Based on IPv4
2.10.20 Use of Sockets over Internet Protocols Based on IPv6
584 2.11 Tracing
586 2.11.1 Tracing Data Definitions
590 2.11.2 Trace Event Type Definitions
594 2.11.3 Trace Functions
595 2.12 Data Types
2.12.1 Defined Types
596 2.12.2 The char Type
597 3 System Interfaces
598 FD_CLR
599 _Exit
604 _longjmp
606 _tolower
607 _toupper
608 a64l
610 abort
612 abs
613 accept
615 access
619 acos
621 acosh
623 acosl
624 aio_cancel
626 aio_error
628 aio_fsync
630 aio_read
633 aio_return
635 aio_suspend
637 aio_write
640 alarm
642 alphasort
645 asctime
648 asin
650 asinh
652 asinl
653 assert
654 atan
656 atan2
659 atanf
660 atanh
662 atanl
663 atexit
665 atof
666 atoi
668 atol
669 basename
671 bind
674 bsearch
677 btowc
678 cabs
679 cacos
680 cacosh
681 cacosl
682 calloc
684 carg
685 casin
686 casinh
687 casinl
688 catan
689 catanh
690 catanl
691 catclose
692 catgets
694 catopen
696 cbrt
697 ccos
698 ccosh
699 ccosl
700 ceil
702 cexp
703 cfgetispeed
705 cfgetospeed
706 cfsetispeed
707 cfsetospeed
708 chdir
710 chmod
714 chown
718 cimag
719 clearerr
720 clock
721 clock_getcpuclockid
722 clock_getres
726 clock_nanosleep
729 clock_settime
730 clog
731 close
735 closedir
737 closelog
741 confstr
744 conj
745 connect
748 copysign
749 cos
751 cosh
753 cosl
754 cpow
755 cproj
756 creal
757 creat
759 crypt
761 csin
762 csinh
763 csinl
764 csqrt
765 ctan
766 ctanh
767 ctanl
768 ctermid
770 ctime
772 daylight
773 dbm_clearerr
777 difftime
778 dirfd
780 dirname
782 div
783 dlclose
785 dlerror
787 dlopen
790 dlsym
792 dprintf
793 drand48
796 dup
798 duplocale
800 encrypt
802 endgrent
804 endhostent
806 endnetent
808 endprotoent
810 endpwent
813 endservent
815 endutxent
818 environ
819 erand48
820 erf
822 erfc
824 erff
825 errno
827 exec
840 exit
841 exp
843 exp2
845 expm1
847 fabs
849 faccessat
850 fattach
853 fchdir
854 fchmod
856 fchmodat
857 fchown
859 fchownat
860 fclose
863 fcntl
871 fdatasync
872 fdetach
874 fdim
876 fdopen
879 fdopendir
883 feclearexcept
884 fegetenv
885 fegetexceptflag
886 fegetround
888 feholdexcept
889 feof
890 feraiseexcept
891 ferror
892 fesetenv
893 fesetexceptflag
894 fesetround
895 fetestexcept
897 feupdateenv
899 fexecve
900 fflush
903 ffs
904 fgetc
906 fgetpos
908 fgets
910 fgetwc
912 fgetws
914 fileno
915 flockfile
917 floor
919 fma
921 fmax
922 fmemopen
925 fmin
926 fmod
928 fmtmsg
931 fnmatch
933 fopen
938 fork
943 fpathconf
949 fpclassify
950 fprintf
963 fputc
965 fputs
967 fputwc
969 fputws
971 fread
973 free
974 freeaddrinfo
979 freelocale
981 freopen
986 frexp
988 fscanf
996 fseek
999 fsetpos
1001 fstat
1004 fstatat
1010 fstatvfs
1013 fsync
1015 ftell
1017 ftok
1019 ftruncate
1021 ftrylockfile
1022 ftw
1025 funlockfile
1026 futimens
1030 fwide
1032 fwprintf
1040 fwrite
1042 fwscanf
1049 gai_strerror
1050 getaddrinfo
1051 getc
1052 getc_unlocked
1054 getchar
1055 getchar_unlocked
1056 getcwd
1059 getdate
1064 getdelim
1066 getegid
1067 getenv
1070 geteuid
1071 getgid
1072 getgrent
1073 getgrgid
1077 getgrnam
1080 getgroups
1082 gethostent
1083 gethostid
1084 gethostname
1085 getitimer
1087 getline
1088 getlogin
1091 getmsg
1095 getnameinfo
1098 getnetbyaddr
1099 getopt
1103 getpeername
1105 getpgid
1106 getpgrp
1107 getpid
1108 getpmsg
1109 getppid
1110 getpriority
1113 getprotobyname
1114 getpwent
1115 getpwnam
1119 getpwuid
1123 getrlimit
1126 getrusage
1128 gets
1130 getservbyname
1131 getsid
1132 getsockname
1134 getsockopt
1136 getsubopt
1140 gettimeofday
1141 getuid
1142 getutxent
1143 getwc
1144 getwchar
1145 glob
1149 gmtime
1151 grantpt
1153 hcreate
1156 htonl
1157 hypot
1159 iconv
1162 iconv_close
1163 iconv_open
1165 if_freenameindex
1166 if_indextoname
1167 if_nameindex
1168 if_nametoindex
1169 ilogb
1171 imaxabs
1172 imaxdiv
1173 inet_addr
1175 inet_ntop
1177 initstate
1179 insque
1182 ioctl
1194 isalnum
1196 isalpha
1198 isascii
1199 isastream
1200 isatty
1201 isblank
1203 iscntrl
1205 isdigit
1207 isfinite
1208 isgraph
1210 isgreater
1211 isgreaterequal
1212 isinf
1213 isless
1214 islessequal
1215 islessgreater
1216 islower
1219 isnan
1220 isnormal
1221 isprint
1223 ispunct
1225 isspace
1227 isunordered
1228 isupper
1230 iswalnum
1232 iswalpha
1234 iswblank
1236 iswcntrl
1238 iswctype
1240 iswdigit
1242 iswgraph
1244 iswlower
1246 iswprint
1248 iswpunct
1250 iswspace
1252 iswupper
1254 iswxdigit
1256 isxdigit
1258 j0
1260 jrand48
1261 kill
1264 killpg
1266 l64a
1267 labs
1268 lchown
1271 lcong48
1272 ldexp
1274 ldiv
1275 lfind
1276 lgamma
1278 link
1283 lio_listio
1287 listen
1289 llabs
1290 lldiv
1291 llrint
1293 llround
1295 localeconv
1300 localtime
1304 lockf
1307 log
1309 log10
1311 log1p
1313 log2
1315 logb
1317 logf
1318 longjmp
1320 lrand48
1321 lrint
1323 lround
1325 lsearch
1327 lseek
1329 lstat
1330 malloc
1332 mblen
1334 mbrlen
1336 mbrtowc
1338 mbsinit
1339 mbsrtowcs
1341 mbstowcs
1343 mbtowc
1345 memccpy
1346 memchr
1347 memcmp
1348 memcpy
1349 memmove
1350 memset
1351 mkdir
1354 mkdtemp
1357 mkfifo
1361 mknod
1365 mkstemp
1366 mktime
1368 mlock
1370 mlockall
1372 mmap
1380 modf
1382 mprotect
1384 mq_close
1385 mq_getattr
1387 mq_notify
1390 mq_open
1393 mq_receive
1396 mq_send
1398 mq_setattr
1400 mq_timedreceive
1401 mq_timedsend
1402 mq_unlink
1404 mrand48
1405 msgctl
1407 msgget
1409 msgrcv
1412 msgsnd
1415 msync
1418 munlock
1419 munlockall
1420 munmap
1422 nan
1423 nanosleep
1425 nearbyint
1426 newlocale
1429 nextafter
1431 nftw
1435 nice
1437 nl_langinfo
1439 nrand48
1440 ntohl
1441 open
1451 open_memstream
1453 openat
1454 opendir
1455 openlog
1456 optarg
1457 pathconf
1458 pause
1459 pclose
1461 perror
1463 pipe
1466 poll
1470 popen
1473 posix_fadvise
1475 posix_fallocate
1477 posix_madvise
1479 posix_mem_offset
1481 posix_memalign
1483 posix_openpt
1485 posix_spawn
1493 posix_spawn_file_actions_addclose
1496 posix_spawn_file_actions_adddup2
1498 posix_spawn_file_actions_addopen
1499 posix_spawn_file_actions_destroy
1501 posix_spawnattr_destroy
1503 posix_spawnattr_getflags
1505 posix_spawnattr_getpgroup
1507 posix_spawnattr_getschedparam
1509 posix_spawnattr_getschedpolicy
1511 posix_spawnattr_getsigdefault
1513 posix_spawnattr_getsigmask
1515 posix_spawnattr_init
1516 posix_spawnattr_setflags
1517 posix_spawnattr_setpgroup
1518 posix_spawnattr_setschedparam
1519 posix_spawnattr_setschedpolicy
1520 posix_spawnattr_setsigdefault
1521 posix_spawnattr_setsigmask
1522 posix_spawnp
1523 posix_trace_attr_destroy
1525 posix_trace_attr_getclockres
1527 posix_trace_attr_getinherited
1530 posix_trace_attr_getlogsize
1533 posix_trace_attr_getname
1534 posix_trace_attr_getstreamfullpolicy
1535 posix_trace_attr_getstreamsize
1536 posix_trace_attr_init
1537 posix_trace_attr_setinherited
1538 posix_trace_attr_setlogsize
1539 posix_trace_attr_setname
1540 posix_trace_attr_setstreamfullpolicy
1541 posix_trace_attr_setstreamsize
1542 posix_trace_clear
1544 posix_trace_close
1546 posix_trace_create
1550 posix_trace_event
1552 posix_trace_eventid_equal
1554 posix_trace_eventid_open
1555 posix_trace_eventset_add
1557 posix_trace_eventtypelist_getnext_id
1559 posix_trace_flush
1560 posix_trace_get_attr
1562 posix_trace_get_filter
1564 posix_trace_get_status
1565 posix_trace_getnext_event
1568 posix_trace_open
1569 posix_trace_set_filter
1570 posix_trace_shutdown
1571 posix_trace_start
1573 posix_trace_timedgetnext_event
1574 posix_trace_trid_eventid_open
1575 posix_trace_trygetnext_event
1576 posix_typed_mem_get_info
1578 posix_typed_mem_open
1581 pow
1584 pread
1585 printf
1586 pselect
1591 psiginfo
1593 pthread_atfork
1596 pthread_attr_destroy
1599 pthread_attr_getdetachstate
1601 pthread_attr_getguardsize
1604 pthread_attr_getinheritsched
1606 pthread_attr_getschedparam
1608 pthread_attr_getschedpolicy
1610 pthread_attr_getscope
1612 pthread_attr_getstack
1615 pthread_attr_getstacksize
1617 pthread_attr_init
1618 pthread_attr_setdetachstate
1619 pthread_attr_setguardsize
1620 pthread_attr_setinheritsched
1621 pthread_attr_setschedparam
1622 pthread_attr_setschedpolicy
1623 pthread_attr_setscope
1624 pthread_attr_setstack
1625 pthread_attr_setstacksize
1626 pthread_barrier_destroy
1628 pthread_barrier_wait
1630 pthread_barrierattr_destroy
1632 pthread_barrierattr_getpshared
1634 pthread_barrierattr_init
1635 pthread_barrierattr_setpshared
1636 pthread_cancel
1638 pthread_cleanup_pop
1643 pthread_cond_broadcast
1646 pthread_cond_destroy
1649 pthread_cond_signal
1650 pthread_cond_timedwait
1657 pthread_condattr_destroy
1659 pthread_condattr_getclock
1661 pthread_condattr_getpshared
1663 pthread_condattr_init
1664 pthread_condattr_setclock
1665 pthread_condattr_setpshared
1666 pthread_create
1669 pthread_detach
1671 pthread_equal
1672 pthread_exit
1674 pthread_getconcurrency
1676 pthread_getcpuclockid
1677 pthread_getschedparam
1680 pthread_getspecific
1682 pthread_join
1685 pthread_key_create
1688 pthread_key_delete
1690 pthread_kill
1691 pthread_mutex_consistent
1693 pthread_mutex_destroy
1699 pthread_mutex_getprioceiling
1702 pthread_mutex_init
1703 pthread_mutex_lock
1707 pthread_mutex_setprioceiling
1708 pthread_mutex_timedlock
1711 pthread_mutex_trylock
1712 pthread_mutexattr_destroy
1717 pthread_mutexattr_getprioceiling
1719 pthread_mutexattr_getprotocol
1722 pthread_mutexattr_getpshared
1724 pthread_mutexattr_getrobust
1726 pthread_mutexattr_gettype
1728 pthread_mutexattr_init
1729 pthread_mutexattr_setprioceiling
1730 pthread_mutexattr_setprotocol
1731 pthread_mutexattr_setpshared
1732 pthread_mutexattr_setrobust
1733 pthread_mutexattr_settype
1734 pthread_once
1736 pthread_rwlock_destroy
1739 pthread_rwlock_rdlock
1742 pthread_rwlock_timedrdlock
1744 pthread_rwlock_timedwrlock
1746 pthread_rwlock_tryrdlock
1747 pthread_rwlock_trywrlock
1749 pthread_rwlock_unlock
1751 pthread_rwlock_wrlock
1752 pthread_rwlockattr_destroy
1754 pthread_rwlockattr_getpshared
1756 pthread_rwlockattr_init
1757 pthread_rwlockattr_setpshared
1758 pthread_self
1759 pthread_setcancelstate
1761 pthread_setconcurrency
1762 pthread_setschedparam
1763 pthread_setschedprio
1765 pthread_setspecific
1766 pthread_sigmask
1770 pthread_spin_destroy
1772 pthread_spin_lock
1774 pthread_spin_unlock
1776 pthread_testcancel
1777 ptsname
1778 putc
1779 putc_unlocked
1780 putchar
1781 putchar_unlocked
1782 putenv
1784 putmsg
1788 puts
1790 pututxline
1791 putwc
1792 putwchar
1793 pwrite
1794 qsort
1796 raise
1798 rand
1801 random
1802 read
1809 readdir
1814 readlink
1817 readv
1819 realloc
1821 realpath
1824 recv
1827 recvfrom
1830 recvmsg
1833 regcomp
1840 remainder
1842 remove
1844 remque
1845 remquo
1847 rename
1852 rewind
1853 rewinddir
1854 rint
1856 rmdir
1859 round
1860 scalbln
1862 scandir
1863 scanf
1864 sched_get_priority_max
1865 sched_getparam
1866 sched_getscheduler
1867 sched_rr_get_interval
1868 sched_setparam
1870 sched_setscheduler
1872 sched_yield
1873 seed48
1874 seekdir
1876 select
1877 sem_close
1879 sem_destroy
1880 sem_getvalue
1882 sem_init
1884 sem_open
1887 sem_post
1889 sem_timedwait
1893 sem_trywait
1895 sem_unlink
1897 sem_wait
1898 semctl
1901 semget
1903 semop
1908 send
1911 sendmsg
1915 sendto
1919 setbuf
1921 setegid
1922 setenv
1924 seteuid
1925 setgid
1927 setgrent
1928 sethostent
1929 setitimer
1930 setjmp
1932 setkey
1933 setlocale
1937 setlogmask
1938 setnetent
1939 setpgid
1942 setpgrp
1943 setpriority
1944 setprotoent
1945 setpwent
1946 setregid
1948 setreuid
1950 setrlimit
1951 setservent
1952 setsid
1954 setsockopt
1956 setstate
1957 setuid
1960 setutxent
1961 setvbuf
1963 shm_open
1968 shm_unlink
1970 shmat
1972 shmctl
1974 shmdt
1976 shmget
1978 shutdown
1980 sigaction
1987 sigaddset
1988 sigaltstack
1990 sigdelset
1991 sigemptyset
1993 sigfillset
1994 sighold
1997 siginterrupt
1999 sigismember
2000 siglongjmp
2001 signal
2004 signbit
2005 signgam
2006 sigpause
2007 sigpending
2008 sigprocmask
2009 sigqueue
2011 sigrelse
2012 sigsetjmp
2014 sigsuspend
2016 sigtimedwait
2020 sigwait
2022 sigwaitinfo
2023 sin
2025 sinh
2027 sinl
2028 sleep
2030 snprintf
2031 sockatmark
2033 socket
2035 socketpair
2037 sprintf
2038 sqrt
2040 srand
2041 srand48
2042 srandom
2043 sscanf
2044 stat
2045 statvfs
2046 stdin
2048 stpcpy
2049 stpncpy
2050 strcasecmp
2052 strcat
2053 strchr
2054 strcmp
2056 strcoll
2058 strcpy
2061 strcspn
2062 strdup
2064 strerror
2067 strfmon
2072 strftime
2081 strlen
2083 strncasecmp
2084 strncat
2085 strncmp
2086 strncpy
2088 strndup
2089 strnlen
2090 strpbrk
2091 strptime
2096 strrchr
2097 strsignal
2098 strspn
2099 strstr
2100 strtod
2104 strtoimax
2106 strtok
2109 strtol
2112 strtold
2113 strtoll
2114 strtoul
2117 strtoumax
2118 strxfrm
2120 swab
2121 swprintf
2122 swscanf
2123 symlink
2126 sync
2127 sysconf
2134 syslog
2135 system
2140 tan
2143 tanh
2145 tanl
2146 tcdrain
2148 tcflow
2150 tcflush
2152 tcgetattr
2154 tcgetpgrp
2156 tcgetsid
2157 tcsendbreak
2159 tcsetattr
2162 tcsetpgrp
2164 tdelete
2168 telldir
2169 tempnam
2171 tfind
2172 tgamma
2175 time
2178 timer_create
2181 timer_delete
2182 timer_getoverrun
2185 times
2188 timezone
2189 tmpfile
2191 tmpnam
2193 toascii
2194 tolower
2196 toupper
2198 towctrans
2200 towlower
2202 towupper
2204 trunc
2205 truncate
2207 truncf
2208 tsearch
2209 ttyname
2211 twalk
2212 tzset
2214 ulimit
2216 umask
2218 uname
2220 ungetc
2222 ungetwc
2224 unlink
2230 unlockpt
2231 unsetenv
2232 uselocale
2234 utime
2237 utimensat
2238 va_arg
2239 vfprintf
2241 vfscanf
2242 vfwprintf
2244 vfwscanf
2245 vprintf
2246 vscanf
2247 vsnprintf
2248 vsscanf
2249 vswprintf
2250 vswscanf
2251 vwprintf
2252 vwscanf
2253 wait
2262 waitid
2264 waitpid
2265 wcpcpy
2266 wcpncpy
2267 wcrtomb
2269 wcscasecmp
2271 wcscat
2272 wcschr
2273 wcscmp
2274 wcscoll
2276 wcscpy
2277 wcscspn
2278 wcsdup
2279 wcsftime
2281 wcslen
2282 wcsncasecmp
2283 wcsncat
2284 wcsncmp
2285 wcsncpy
2287 wcsnlen
2288 wcsnrtombs
2289 wcspbrk
2290 wcsrchr
2291 wcsrtombs
2293 wcsspn
2294 wcsstr
2295 wcstod
2299 wcstoimax
2300 wcstok
2302 wcstol
2305 wcstold
2306 wcstoll
2307 wcstombs
2309 wcstoul
2312 wcstoumax
2313 wcswidth
2314 wcsxfrm
2316 wctob
2317 wctomb
2319 wctrans
2321 wctype
2323 wcwidth
2324 wmemchr
2325 wmemcmp
2326 wmemcpy
2327 wmemmove
2328 wmemset
2329 wordexp
2334 wprintf
2335 write
2344 writev
2346 wscanf
2347 y0
2349 XCU
2351 1 Introduction
1.1 Relationship to Other Documents
1.1.1 System Interfaces
2355 1.1.2 Concepts Derived from the ISO C Standard
2357 1.2 Utility Limits
2359 1.3 Grammar Conventions
2360 1.4 Utility Description Defaults
2367 1.5 Considerations for Utilities in Support of Files of Arbitrary Size
2368 1.6 Built-In Utilities
2369 2 Shell Command Language
2.1 Shell Introduction
2370 2.2 Quoting
2.2.1 Escape Character (Backslash)
2.2.2 Single-Quotes
2.2.3 Double-Quotes
2371 2.3 Token Recognition
2372 2.3.1 Alias Substitution
2373 2.4 Reserved Words
2.5 Parameters and Variables
2.5.1 Positional Parameters
2374 2.5.2 Special Parameters
2.5.3 Shell Variables
2377 2.6 Word Expansions
2.6.1 Tilde Expansion
2378 2.6.2 Parameter Expansion
2381 2.6.3 Command Substitution
2382 2.6.4 Arithmetic Expansion
2383 2.6.5 Field Splitting
2.6.6 Pathname Expansion
2.6.7 Quote Removal
2384 2.7 Redirection
2.7.1 Redirecting Input
2385 2.7.2 Redirecting Output
2.7.3 Appending Redirected Output
2.7.4 Here-Document
2386 2.7.5 Duplicating an Input File Descriptor
2.7.6 Duplicating an Output File Descriptor
2387 2.7.7 Open File Descriptors for Reading and Writing
2.8 Exit Status and Errors
2.8.1 Consequences of Shell Errors
2.8.2 Exit Status for Commands
2388 2.9 Shell Commands
2.9.1 Simple Commands
2391 2.9.2 Pipelines
2.9.3 Lists
2393 2.9.4 Compound Commands
2396 2.9.5 Function Definition Command
2397 2.10 Shell Grammar
2.10.1 Shell Grammar Lexical Conventions
2398 2.10.2 Shell Grammar Rules
2403 2.11 Signals and Error Handling
2.12 Shell Execution Environment
2404 2.13 Pattern Matching Notation
2.13.1 Patterns Matching a Single Character
2405 2.13.2 Patterns Matching Multiple Characters
2.13.3 Patterns Used for Filename Expansion
2406 2.14 Special Built-In Utilities
2408 break
2410 colon
2412 continue
2414 dot
2416 eval
2418 exec
2420 exit
2422 export
2425 readonly
2428 return
2430 set
2437 shift
2439 times
2441 trap
2445 unset
2447 3 Batch Environment Services
3.1 General Concepts
3.1.1 Batch Client-Server Interaction
2448 3.1.2 Batch Queues
3.1.3 Batch Job Creation
3.1.4 Batch Job Tracking
2449 3.1.5 Batch Job Routing
3.1.6 Batch Job Execution
2450 3.1.7 Batch Job Exit
3.1.8 Batch Job Abort
3.1.9 Batch Authorization
3.1.10 Batch Administration
2451 3.1.11 Batch Notification
3.2 Batch Services
2452 3.2.1 Batch Job States
2453 3.2.2 Deferred Batch Services
2462 3.2.3 Requested Batch Services
2469 3.3 Common Behavior for Batch Environment Utilities
3.3.1 Batch Job Identifier
2470 3.3.2 Destination
2471 3.3.3 Multiple Keyword-Value Pairs
2473 4 Utilities
2474 admin
2479 alias
2482 ar
2490 asa
2493 at
2502 awk
2537 basename
2540 batch
2543 bc
2558 bg
2561 c99
2572 cal
2575 cat
2579 cd
2584 cflow
2587 chgrp
2590 chmod
2597 chown
2601 cksum
2606 cmp
2609 comm
2612 command
2618 compress
2621 cp
2629 crontab
2633 csplit
2637 ctags
2642 cut
2646 cxref
2649 date
2656 dd
2665 delta
2669 df
2673 diff
2682 dirname
2685 du
2689 echo
2692 ed
2708 env
2712 ex
2785 expand
2788 expr
2793 false
2795 fc
2801 fg
2803 file
2811 find
2821 fold
2825 fort77
2831 fuser
2834 gencat
2838 get
2846 getconf
2852 getopts
2857 grep
2862 hash
2865 head
2868 iconv
2872 id
2876 ipcrm
2878 ipcs
2885 jobs
2889 join
2894 kill
2899 lex
2911 link
2913 ln
2918 locale
2924 localedef
2928 logger
2931 logname
2933 lp
2938 ls
2948 m4
2958 mailx
2984 make
3006 man
3010 mesg
3013 mkdir
3016 mkfifo
3019 more
3031 mv
3037 newgrp
3041 nice
3045 nl
3049 nm
3054 nohup
3058 od
3066 paste
3070 patch
3077 pathchk
3082 pax
3120 pr
3125 printf
3131 prs
3136 ps
3143 pwd
3146 qalter
3156 qdel
3159 qhold
3162 qmove
3165 qmsg
3168 qrerun
3171 qrls
3174 qselect
3183 qsig
3186 qstat
3191 qsub
3204 read
3207 renice
3211 rm
3216 rmdel
3218 rmdir
3221 sact
3224 sccs
3229 sed
3239 sh
3257 sleep
3260 sort
3267 split
3271 strings
3274 strip
3276 stty
3285 tabs
3289 tail
3293 talk
3297 tee
3300 test
3309 time
3313 touch
3319 tput
3322 tr
3329 true
3331 tsort
3334 tty
3336 type
3338 ulimit
3340 umask
3344 unalias
3346 uname
3349 uncompress
3352 unexpand
3355 unget
3358 uniq
3362 unlink
3364 uucp
3368 uudecode
3371 uuencode
3376 uustat
3379 uux
3383 val
3386 vi
3441 wait
3445 wc
3448 what
3451 who
3455 write
3458 xargs
3465 yacc
3482 zcat
3485 XRAT
3489 A Rationale for Base Definitions
A.1 Introduction
A.1.1 Scope
3492 A.1.2 Conformance
A.1.3 Normative References
A.1.4 Change History
A.1.5 Terminology
3494 A.1.6 Definitions and Concepts
A.1.7 Portability
3495 A.2 Conformance
A.2.1 Implementation Conformance
3499 A.2.2 Application Conformance
A.2.3 Language-Dependent Services for the C Programming Language
3500 A.2.4 Other Language-Related Specifications
A.3 Definitions
3522 A.4 General Concepts
A.4.1 Concurrent Execution
3523 A.4.2 Directory Protection
A.4.3 Extended Security Controls
A.4.4 File Access Permissions
A.4.5 File Hierarchy
3524 A.4.6 Filenames
3525 A.4.7 Filename Portability
A.4.8 File Times Update
3526 A.4.9 Host and Network Byte Order
A.4.10 Measurement of Execution Time
A.4.11 Memory Synchronization
3528 A.4.12 Pathname Resolution
3529 A.4.13 Process ID Reuse
A.4.14 Scheduling Policy
A.4.15 Seconds Since the Epoch
3531 A.4.16 Semaphore
A.4.17 Thread-Safety
A.4.18 Tracing
A.4.19 Treatment of Error Conditions for Mathematical Functions
A.4.20 Treatment of NaN Arguments for Mathematical Functions
A.4.21 Utility
A.4.22 Variable Assignment
3532 A.5 File Format Notation
A.6 Character Set
A.6.1 Portable Character Set
3533 A.6.2 Character Encoding
A.6.3 C Language Wide-Character Codes
A.6.4 Character Set Description File
3536 A.7 Locale
A.7.1 General
A.7.2 POSIX Locale
A.7.3 Locale Definition
3543 A.7.4 Locale Definition Grammar
3544 A.7.5 Locale Definition Example
3547 A.8 Environment Variables
A.8.1 Environment Variable Definition
A.8.2 Internationalization Variables
3548 A.8.3 Other Environment Variables
3550 A.9 Regular Expressions
A.9.1 Regular Expression Definitions
3551 A.9.2 Regular Expression General Requirements
3552 A.9.3 Basic Regular Expressions
3555 A.9.4 Extended Regular Expressions
3556 A.9.5 Regular Expression Grammar
3557 A.10 Directory Structure and Devices
A.10.1 Directory Structure and Files
3558 A.10.2 Output Devices and Terminal Types
A.11 General Terminal Interface
3559 A.11.1 Interface Characteristics
3563 A.11.2 Parameters that Can be Set
3564 A.12 Utility Conventions
A.12.1 Utility Argument Syntax
3565 A.12.2 Utility Syntax Guidelines
3568 A.13 Headers
A.13.1 Format of Entries
A.13.2 Removed Headers in Issue 7
3571 B Rationale for System Interfaces
B.1 Introduction
B.1.1 Change History
3574 B.1.2 Relationship to Other Formal Standards
B.1.3 Format of Entries
3575 B.2 General Information
B.2.1 Use and Implementation of Interfaces
3576 B.2.2 The Compilation Environment
3581 B.2.3 Error Numbers
3585 B.2.4 Signal Concepts
3595 B.2.5 Standard I/O Streams
B.2.6 STREAMS
3596 B.2.7 XSI Interprocess Communication
3597 B.2.8 Realtime
3642 B.2.9 Threads
3670 B.2.10 Sockets
3672 B.2.11 Tracing
3697 B.2.12 Data Types
3699 B.3 System Interfaces
B.3.1 System Interfaces Removed in this Version
3702 B.3.2 System Interfaces Removed in the Previous Version
B.3.3 Examples for Spawn
3715 C Rationale for Shell and Utilities
C.1 Introduction
C.1.1 Change History
3716 C.1.2 Relationship to Other Documents
3717 C.1.3 Utility Limits
3720 C.1.4 Grammar Conventions
C.1.5 Utility Description Defaults
3724 C.1.6 Considerations for Utilities in Support of Files of Arbitrary Size
C.1.7 Built-In Utilities
3726 C.2 Shell Command Language
C.2.1 Shell Introduction
C.2.2 Quoting
3728 C.2.3 Token Recognition
3729 C.2.4 Reserved Words
C.2.5 Parameters and Variables
3732 C.2.6 Word Expansions
3739 C.2.7 Redirection
3741 C.2.8 Exit Status and Errors
3742 C.2.9 Shell Commands
3749 C.2.10 Shell Grammar
3750 C.2.11 Signals and Error Handling
C.2.12 Shell Execution Environment
C.2.13 Pattern Matching Notation
3752 C.2.14 Special Built-In Utilities
C.3 Batch Environment Services and Utilities
3755 C.3.1 Batch General Concepts
3757 C.3.2 Batch Services
3758 C.3.3 Common Behavior for Batch Environment Utilities
C.4 Utilities
C.4.1 Utilities Removed in this Version
C.4.2 Utilities Removed in the Previous Version
3759 C.4.3 Exclusion of Utilities
3765 D Portability Considerations (Informative)
D.1 User Requirements
3766 D.1.1 Configuration Interrogation
D.1.2 Process Management
D.1.3 Access to Data
D.1.4 Access to the Environment
D.1.5 Access to Determinism and Performance Enhancements
3767 D.1.6 Operating System-Dependent Profile
D.1.7 I/O Interaction
D.1.8 Internationalization Interaction
D.1.9 C-Language Extensions
D.1.10 Command Language
D.1.11 Interactive Facilities
D.1.12 Accomplish Multiple Tasks Simultaneously
3768 D.1.13 Complex Data Manipulation
D.1.14 File Hierarchy Manipulation
D.1.15 Locale Configuration
D.1.16 Inter-User Communication
D.1.17 System Environment
D.1.18 Printing
D.1.19 Software Development
3769 D.2 Portability Capabilities
D.2.1 Configuration Interrogation
3770 D.2.2 Process Management
D.2.3 Access to Data
3771 D.2.4 Access to the Environment
3772 D.2.5 Bounded (Realtime) Response
D.2.6 Operating System-Dependent Profile
D.2.7 I/O Interaction
3773 D.2.8 Internationalization Interaction
D.2.9 C-Language Extensions
D.2.10 Command Language
3774 D.2.11 Interactive Facilities
D.2.12 Accomplish Multiple Tasks Simultaneously
D.2.13 Complex Data Manipulation
3775 D.2.14 File Hierarchy Manipulation
D.2.15 Locale Configuration
D.2.16 Inter-User Communication
3776 D.2.17 System Environment
D.2.18 Printing
D.2.19 Software Development
D.2.20 Future Growth
3777 D.3 Profiling Considerations
D.3.1 Configuration Options
D.3.2 Configuration Options (Shell and Utilities)
3779 D.3.3 Configurable Limits
D.3.4 Configuration Options (System Interfaces)
3784 D.3.5 Configurable Limits
3787 D.3.6 Optional Behavior
3791 E Subprofiling Considerations (Informative)
E.1 Subprofiling Option Groups
3797 Index

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