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IEEE 1003.1b 1993:1994 Edition

$164.13

IEEE Standard for Information Technology – Portable Operating System Interfaces (POSIX(TM)) – Part 1: System Application Program Interface (API) – Amendment 1: Realtime Extension [C language]

Published By Publication Date Number of Pages
IEEE 1994 616
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Amendment Standard – Superseded. This amendment is part of the POSIX series of standards for applications and user interfaces to open systems. It defines the applications interface to basic system services for input/output, file system access, and process management. It also defines a format for data interchange. When options specified in the Realtime Extension are included, the standard also defines interfaces appropriate for realtime applications.

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PDF Pages PDF Title
4 (3) Process group
5 5.4.2 Make a FIFO Special File
Make a FIFO Special File
7 before it is delivered A notable exception to this is SIGCLD which in System
11 INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY-POS
12 Introduction
Organization of This Standard
13 Base Documents
Background
14 Audience
Purpose
18 Related Standards Activities
27 Section 1: General
1.1 Scope
When the value is zero there is a (possibly empty) set of processes awaiting the
operation shall cause the calling process to be blocked and added to the set of
semaphore
File attributes that are not necessary for data retrieval (access time modification
Identical to a syn-
2 I LC- [A-Z
semaphore. h>
signal.h>
sys/mman.h>
sys/stat.h>
sys/times.h>
An implementation may define additional notification mechanisms
error conditions defined for read ( ) and write (
the error conditions defined for read 1 and write (
The aiocb structure and the data buffers associated with the asynchronous I/C)
77
LIO-READ then an U0 operation is submitted as if by a call to aio-read
Following a call to sem-open0 with semaphore name
all references to the semaphore have been destroyed by calls to sem-dose (
Function: sernxetuaZue(
m.unlockaZZ
mZockaZZ(
Function: rnsync
Upon successful completion the msync() function shall return a value of zero; oth-
If any of the following conditions occur the sched_getqriority-max(
Either the implementation shall support the clock-settime ( cloch_gettime (
Per-process timers shall not be inherited by a child process across a forki
Either the implementation shall support the timer-settime (
If the timerxetouerrun(
Name
22
extensions to this structure which may change the behavior of’ the application
Function: mq-close (
the mq-attr structure are ignored by mq-setattr(
Therefore a Conforming POSIX
development process
The standard specifies several new values for the si-code member of the
tional information for implementation-generated signals such as SIGFPE
This standard chose not
nals generated by one of the P0SM.lb asynchronous events and those
instead of in a signal-handling function This allows applications to be written in
Note that the semantics of the sigulaitinfo0 function are nearly identical to that
Zseek (
The difference between synchronized YO data integrity and synchronized YO file
Memory locking for realtime applications is also generally considered to be an fiall
tially clstirblished by nznmp(
the address of that repjon to othtx processes
macro that invokes unlink (
time quantum or whether it is a systemwide value or a per-process value
6391
expiration time and the it-internal member to the desired repetition
Many applications including both realtime and database applications require a
230
sigevent
with the members
23
sigev-notify sigev-signo sigeu-value
and the union
233
234
sigval
with the members
235
sival-int sivalgtr
236
24
The unarnet) operation provides basic identification of the system The sysconf(
POSM.1 operations typically specifylng the behavior in terms of POSIX
{ CHILD-MAX
does not preempt the process calling semqost(
If MAX-PROC” > 64 65 plus the number of processors minus
If MAX-PROC > 128 129 plus the number of processors minus
MQ Close Time
already containing a single message for messages of the fol-
The cache capabilities buffer structure rf-cupcuche buf specifies the cache capabili-
The members of the structure are defined as follows:
Function: rf-setattr(
found to be in error No attributes of the file are changed
directory then the capabilities refer to
Function: rfsetbiocap (
Function: rfxetuiocup [
mq-open (
mq-unlin k(
msync (
28 1.2 Normative References
1040
1041
1042
24
Fundamental transfer size /
Fundamental transfer size /
29 1.3 Conformance
35 Section 2: Terminology and General Requirements
2.1 Conventions
36 2.2 Definitions
41 Section
43 2.2 Definitions
45 11.2 Semaphore Functions
H.2 Realtime File Functions
47 2.2 Definitions
51 2.3 General Concepts
54 2.4 ErrorNumbers
Error Numbers
Error Numbers 2.4}
58 2.5 Primitive System Data Types
Primitive System Data Types
sages of the following msg-Zen:
lowing lengths:
Primitive System Data Types I2.5
I2.5
Primitive System Data Types
Primitive System Data Types
Primitive System Data Types I2.51
Primitive System Data Types I2.5
Primitive System Data Types
Primitive System Data Types
Primitive System Data Types
59 2.6 Environment Description
60 2.7 C Language Definitions
Symbols From the C Standard I2.7.11
62 Reserved Header Symbols
66 2.8 Numerical Limits
Minimum Values I2.8.2
67 Minimum Values
68 Run-Time Increasable Values
69 Run-Time Invariant Values (Possibly Indeterminate)
B.12 Memory Management
70 Pathname Variable Values
Invariant Value
Maximum Values
B.13 Execution Scheduling
71 2.9 Symbolic Constants
Symbolic Constants for the access() Function
Symbolic Constants for the Zseek() Function
B 15 Message Passing
72 Compile-Time Symbolic Constants
73 Execution-Time SymbolicConstants
75 Section 3: Process Primitives
3.1 Process Creation and Execution
3.1.1 Process Creation
Process Creatic In
77 3.1.2 Execute a File
Execute a File
Execute a File
Execute a File
Execute a File
Execute a File
Execute a File
Execute a File I3.1.21
Execute a File
78 H.2 Realtime File Functions
79 3.1 Process Creation and Execution
81 3.2 Process Termination
6537
82 3.2.1 Wait for Process Termination
Wait for Process ‚Fermination
<sys/wait hi
84 3.2.2 Terminate a Process
Terminate a Process 3,2.2)
86 3.3 Signals
3.3.1 Signal Concepts
Signal Names
87 Required Signals
Job Control Signals
88 Memory Protection Signals
89 3.3 Signals
91 3.3 Signals
94 3.3.2 Send a Signal to a Process
Send a Signal to a Process 3.3.2}
95 3.3.3 Manipulate Signal Sets
Manipulate Signid Sets
96 3.3.4 Examine and Change Signal Action
99 3.3.5 Examine and Change Blocked Signals
101 3.3.6 Examine Pending Signals
3.3.7 Wait for a Signal
15.2 Message Passing Functions
Wait for a Signal
102 3.3.8 Synchronously Accept a Signal
Synchronously Accept a Signal
Synchronously Accept a Signal
103 3.3 Signals
104 3.3.9 Queue a Signal to a Process
105 3.4 Timer Operations
3.4.1 Schedule Alarm
Schedule Alarm {
106 3.4.2 Suspend Process Execution
Suspend Process Execution
107 3.4.3 Delay Process Execution
Delay Process Execution
109 Section 4: Process Environment
4.1 Process Identification
4.1.1 Get Process and Parent Process IDS
ocess IDS f4.1.11
ocess IDS
110 4.2 User Identification
IDS
4.2.2 Set User and Group IDS
Group IDS
Group TDs I4.2.l
Group IDS I4.2.11
Group IDS
112 4.2.3 Get Supplementary Group IDS
IDS
113 4.2.4 Get User Name
getlogin ( )
114 4.3 Process Groups
4.3.1 Get Process Group ID
4.3.2 Create Session and Set Process Group ID
Get Process Gro
115 4.3.3 Set Process Group ID for Job Control
116 4.4 System Identification
4.4.1 Get System Name
Get System Name
117 4.5 Time
4.5.1 Get System Time
uname() Structure Members
118 4.5.2 Get Process Times
Get Process Tim }
119 4.6 Environment Variables
4.6.1 Environment Access
Environment Access
120 4.7 Terminal Identification
4.7.1 Venerate Terminal Pathname
Generate Terminal Pathname
121 4.7.2 Determine Terminal Device Name
4.8 Configurable System Variables
4.8.1 Get Configurable System Variables
Determine Terminal Device Name
Variables I4.8
122 Configurable System Variables
125 Section 5: Files and Directories
5.1 Directories
5.1.1 Format of Directory Entries
5.1.2 Directory Operations
Directory Operations
Directory Operations {
Format of Directory Entries
Directory Operations
128 5.2 Working Directory
5.2.1 Change Current Working Directory
Change Current Working Directory I5.2.1
129 5.2.2 Get Working Directory Pathname
Get Working Directory Pathname
130 5.3 General File Creation
5.3.1 Open a File
Open a File
133 Create a New File or Rewrite an Existing One
Create a New File or Rewrite an Existing One
134 5.3.3 Set File Creation Mask
5.3.4 Link to a File
Link to a File
136 5.4 Special File Creation
5.4.1 Make a Directory
important to document whether using shared memory may result in some
Make a Directory I5.4.1
139 5.5 FileRemoval
5.5.1 Remove Directory Entries
140 5.5.2 Remove a Directory
141 5.5.3 Rename a File
143 5.6 File Characteristics
File Characteristics: Header and Data Structure
der and Data Structure
144 stat Structure
146 5.6.2 Get File Status
Get File Status
Get File Status
147 5.6.3 Check File Accessibility
Check File Accessibility 15.6.31
148 5.6.4 Change File Modes
Change File Modcs 15.6.4
Change File Modes
150 5.6.5 Change Owner and Group of a File
Change Owner and Group of a File
152 5.6.6 Set File Access and Modification Times
153 5.6.7 Truncate a File to a Specified Length
Truncate a File to a Specified Length
155 5.7 Configurable Pathname Variables
5.7.1 Get Configurable Pathname Variables
Get Configurable Pathname Variables
Get Configurable Pathname Variables
156 Configurable Pathname Variables
159 Section 6: Input and Output Primitives
6.1 Pipes
6.1.1 Create an Inter-Process Channel
Create an Inter-Process Channel I6.1.1
160 6.2 File Descriptor Manipulation
6.2.1 Duplicate an Open File Descriptor
Duplicate an Open File Descriptor
Duplicate an Open File Descriptor
161 6.3 File Descriptor Deassignment
6.3.1 Close a File
Close a File
163 6.4 Input and Output
6.4.1 Read from a File
165 6.4.2 Write to a File
168 6.5 Control Operations on Files
6.5.1 Data Definitions for File Control Operations
cmd Values for fcntZ()
File Descriptor Flags Used forfcntlo
Z-type Values for Record Locking With fcntZ( )
Data Definitions for File Control Operations
169 6.5.2 File Control
File Access Modes Used for open() andfcntlo
Mask for Use With File Access Modes
File Control
171 flock Structure
172 fcntZ() Return Values
173 6.5.3 Reposition Reamrite File Offset
Reposition Reamrite File Offset
175 6.6 File Synchronization
6.6.1 Synchronize the State of a File
6.6 File Synchronization
Synchronize the State of a File
176 6.6.2 Synchronize the Data of a File
Synchronize the Data of a File
177 6.7 Asynchronous Input and Output
6.7.1 Data Definitions for Asynchronous Input and Output
6.7 Asynchronous Input and Output
Asynchronous I/O Control Block
179 6.7 Asynchronous Input and Output
180 6.7.2 Asynchronous Read
Asynchronous Read
181 6.7 Asynchronous Input and Output
182 6.7.3 Asynchronous Write
Asynchronous Write 6.7.3}
183 6.7 Asynchronous Input and Output
184 6.7.4 List Directed U0
7.2.4 Set Foreground Process Group ID
List Directed U0
185 6.7 Asynchronous Input and Output
187 6.7.5 Retrieve Error Status of Asynchronous U0 Operation
6.7 Asynchronous Input and Output
I6.7.51
188 6.7.6 Retrieve Return Status of Asynchronous U0 Operation
6.7.6}
189 6.7.7 Cancel Asynchronous U0 Request
6.7 Asynchronous Input arid Output
Cancel Asynchronous I/O Request
190 6.7.8 Wait for Asynchronous VO Request
Wait for Asynchronous I/O Request
191 6.7 Asynchronous Input and Output
192 6.7.9 Asynchronous File Synchronization
Asynchronous File Synchronization I6.7.91
193 6.7 Asynchronous Input and Output
195 Section 7: Device- and Class-Specific Functions
7.1 General Terminal Interface
7.1.1 Interface Characteristics
7.1.1.1 Opening a Terminal Device File
7.1.1.2 Process Groups
196 7.1.1.3 The Controlling Terminal
7.1.1.4 Terminal Access Control
197 7.1.1.5 Input ProcessingandReading Data
198 7.1.1.6 Canonical Mode Input Processing
7.1.1.7 NoncanonicalModeInput Processing
199 7.1.1.8 Writing Data andoutput Processing
7.1.1.9 Special Characters
201 7.1.1.10 Modem Disconnect
7.1.2 Parameters That Can Be Set l
7.1.2.1 termzos Structure
202 Input Modes
twmios Structure
trrmios c-iflag Field
203 Output Modes
204 Control Modes
termios c-cflag Field
205 Local Modes
termios c-lflag Field
206 Special Control Characters
terrniosc-cc Special Control Characters
207 Baud Rate Values
7.1.3 Baud Rate Functions
7.1.3.1 Synopsis
termios Baud Rate Values
Baud Rate Functions
Baud Rate Functians
Baud Rate Functions
Baud Rate Functions
208 7.1.3.3 Returns
7.1.3.4 Errors
7.1.3.5 Cross-References
209 General Terminal Interface Control Functions
7.2.1 Gct and Set State
tcgetattr( 1 Get and Set State
211 7.2.2 Line Control Functions
tcdrain ( ) Line Control Functions
Line Control Functions
Line Control Functions
213 7.2.3 Get Foreground Process Group ID
Get Foreground Process Group ID 7.2.3}
217 Section 8: Language-Specific Services for the C Programming Language
8.1 Referenced C Language Routines
Referenced C Language Routines
Referenced C Language Routines
Referenced C Language Routines
Referenced C Language Routines
Referenced C Language Routines
Referenced C Language Routines I8.l
Referenced C Language Routines
Referenced C Language Routines
Referenced C Language Routines I8.l
Referenced C Language Routines
Referenced C Language Routines
Referenced C Language Routines
Referenced C Language Routines
Referenced C Language Routines
Referenced C Language Routines I8
Referenced C Language Routines
Referenced C Language Routines
age Routines
age Routines
Referenced C Language Routines
Referenced C Language Routines
Referenced C Language Routines
Referenced C Language Routines
Referenced C Language Routines
Referenced C LA anguage Routines
Referenced C Language Routines
Referenced C L anguage Routines
Referenced C L anguage Routines
Referenced C L anguage Routines
Referenced C Language Routines
Referenced C L anguage Routines
Referenced C L anguage Routines
Referenced C L anguage Routines
Referenced C Language Routines
Referenced C Language Routines
Referenced C Language Routines
Referenced C Language Routines
Referenced C Language Routines
Referenced C Language Routines
Referenced C Language Routines
Referenced C Language Routines
Referenced C Language Routines
Referenced C Language Routines
Referenced C Language Routines I8.11
Referenced C Language Routines I8.l
Referenced C Language Routines I8.l
Referenced C Language Routines I8.l
Referenced C Language Routines
Referenced C Language Routines
Referenced C Language Routines
Referenced C Language Routines
Referenced C Language Routines
Referenced C Language Routines
Referenced C Language Routines
Referenced C Language Routines
Referenced C Language Routines I8.11
Referenced C Language Routines I8.l
Referenced C Language Routines
Referenced C Language Routines
Referenced C Language Routines
Referenced C Language Routines
Referenced C Language Routines
Referenced C Language Routines
Referenced C Language Routines
Referenced C Language Routines
Referenced C Language Routines
Referenced C Language Routines
outines
outines I8.l
outines
outines I8.l
outines
utines 8.1)
utines
Referenced C Language Routines
Referenced C Language Routines
Referenced C Language Routines
tan ( 1 Referenced C Language Routines
tanh () Referenced C Language Routines
218 8.1.1 Extensions to Time Functions
Extensions to Time Functions f8.1.11
Referenced C L anguage Routines
tines
Referenced C Language Routines
Referenced C Language Routines
outines
220 8.1.2 Extensions to setlocale( 1 Function
221 8.2 C Language InputIOutput Functions
222 8.2.1 Map a Stream Pointer to a File Descriptor
Map a Stream Pointer to a File Descriptor
223 8.2.2 Open a Stream on a File Descriptor
Open a Stream on a File Descriptor IS.2.2
224 8.2.3 Interactions of Other FZLE-Type C Functions
228 8.2.4 Operations on Files – the remove() Function
8.3 Other C Language Functions
8.3.1 Nonlocal Jumps
8.3.2 SetTimeZone
Nonlocal Jumps
231 9.1 System Databases
232 9.2 Database Access
9.2.1 Group Database Access
group Structure
Group Database Access 19.2.1
Group Database Access

233 9.2.2 1 Jser Database Access
passwd Structure
getpwnam
Z}
235 Section 10: Data Interchange Format
10.1 ArchiveJInterchange File Format
10.1.1 Extended tar Format
tar Extended tar Format
236 tar Header Block
239 10.1.2 Extended cpio Format
Extended cpio Format
240 Byte-Oriented cpi.0 Archive Entry
241 Values for cpio c mode Field
243 10.1.3 Multiple Volumes
245 Section 11: Synchronization
11.1 Semaphore Characteristics
11.2 Semaphore Functions
11 2.1 Initialize an Unnamed Semaphore
246 11.2.2 Destroy an Unnamed Semaphore
247 11.2.3 Initialize/Open a Named Semaphore
11.2 Semaphore Functions
249 11.2 Semaphore Functions
250 11.2.4 Close a Named Semaphore
251 11.2.5 Remove a Named Semaphore
11.2 Semaphore Functions
252 11.2.6 Lock a Semaphore
253 11.2.7 Unlock a Semaphore
255 11.2.8 Get the Value of a Semaphore
11.2 Semaphore Functions
257 Section 12: Memory Management
258 12.1 Memory Locking Functions
12.1.1 LocWUnlock the Address Space of a Process
LocWnlock the Address Space of a Process
LocWnlock the Address Space of a Process
sys /marl h>
259 12.1 Memory Locking Functions
260 12.1.2 LocWUnlock a Range of Process Address Space
LockAJnlock a Range of Process Address Space
Address Space 12.1.2)
261 12.1 Memory Locking Functions
262 12.2 Memory Mapping Functions
12.2.1 Map Process Addresses to a Memory Object
Map Process Addresses to a Memory Object 12.2.1}
263 Memory Protection Values
265 12.2 Memory Mapping Functions
266 12.2.2 Unmap Previously Mapped Addresses
Unmap Previously Mapped Addresses 12.2.2)
267 12.2.3 Change Memory Protection
Change Memory Protection
269 12.2.4 Memory Object Synchronization
12.2 Memory Mapping Functions
271 12.3 Shared Memory Functions
12.3.1 Open a Shared Memory Object
12.3 Shared Memory Functions
273 12.3.2 Remove a Shared Memory Object
12.3 Shared Memory Functions
275 Section 13: Execution Scheduling
13.1 Scheduling Parameters
13.2 Scheduling Policies
13.2 Scheduling Policies
276 13.2.1 SCHED-FIFO
277 13.2.2 SCHED-RR
13.2.3 SCHED-OTHER
278 13.3 Process Scheduling Functions
13.3.1 Set Scheduling Parameters
279 13.3.2 Get Scheduling Parameters
13.3 Process Scheduling Functions
280 13.3.3 Set Scheduling Policy and Scheduling Parameters
281 13.3 Process Scheduling Functions
282 13.3.4 Get Scheduling Policy
283 13.3.5 Yield Processor
284 13.3.6 Get Scheduling Parameter Limits
285 13.3 Process Scheduling Functions
287 Section 14: Clocks and Timers
14.1 Data Definitions for Clocks and Timers
14.1.1 Time Value Specification Structures
Data Definitions for Clocks and Timers
288 14.1.2 Timer Event Notification Control Block
14.1.3 Type Definitions
14.1.4 Manifest Constants
Type Definitions
289 14.2 Clock and Timer Functions
14.2.1 Clocks
14.2 Clock and Timer Functions
Clocks (
Clocks (
Clocks I14.2.1
290 14.2.2 Create a Per-Process Timer
291 14.2 Clock and Timer Functions
292 14.2.3 Delete a Per-Process Timer
293 14.2.4 Per-Process Timers
295 14.2.5 High Resolution Sleep
14.2 Clock and Timer Functions
High Resolution Sleep {
297 Section 15: Message Passing
15.1 Data Definitions for Message Queues
15.1.1 Data Structures
15.1 Data Definitions for Message Queues
Data Structures
mqueue.h>
298 15.2 Message Passing Functions
15.2.1 Open a Message Queue
301 15.2.2 Close a Message Queue
115.2.2
302 15.2.3 Remove a Message Queue
303 15.2.4 Send a Message to a Message Queue
15.2 Message Passing Functions
Send a Message to a Message Queue
305 15.2.5 Receive a Message From a Message Queue
Receive a Message From a Message Queue
306 15.2.6 Notify Process that a Message is Available on a Queue
307 15.2.7 Set Message Queue Attributes
15.2 Message Passing Functions
Set Message Queue Attributes
309 15.2.8 Get Message Queue Attributes
15.2 Message Passing Functions
ributes
311 Annex A (informative) Bibliography
A.l Related Open Systems Standards
313 A.2 Other Standards
314 A.3 Historical Documentation and Introductory Texts
316 A.4 Other Sources of Information
317 Annex B (informative) Rationale and Notes
Scope and Normative Cross-References
328 B.2 Ilefini tions and General Requirements
341 B.2 Definitions and General Requiremmts
356 Suggested Feature Test Macros
360 B.3 Process Primitives
369 B.3 Process Primitives
371 B.3 Process Primitives
375 B.3 Process Primitives
377 B.3 Process Primitives
385 B.3 Process Primitives
388 B.4 Process Environment
395 B.5 Files and Directories
406 B.6 Input and Output Primitives
415 B.6 Input and Output Primitives
417 B.6 Input and Output Primitives
419 B.6 Input and Output Primitives
421 B.6 Input and Output Primitives
423 B.7 Device- and Class-Specific Functions
426 (tm_year-70)*31536 000 + ((tm_year-69)/4)*86
433 Language-Specific Services for the C Programming Language
443 B.9 System Databases
444 B.10 Data Interchange Format
451 B.11 Synchronization
B 11 Synchronization
453 B.12 Memory Management
B 12 Memory Management
455 B.12 Memory Management
461 B.12 Memory Management
463 B 12 Memory Managemcd
465 B.12 Memory Management
466 B.X3 Execution Scheduling
469 B.13 Execution Scheduling
470 B.14 Clocks and Timers
473 B 14 Clocks and Timers
475 B 14 Clocks and Timers
477 B.15 Message Passing
481 B.15 Message Passing
483 Annex C (informative) Header Contents Samples
491 Annex C Header Contents Samples
501 Annex D (informative) Profiles
D.l Definitions
503 D.2 Options in This Part of ISO/IEC
D.3 Related Standards
D.4 Related Activities
504 D.5 Relationship toIEEE Draft Project IEEE P1003.0
505 Annex E (informative) Sample National Profile
506 E.l (Example) Profile for Denmark
509 AnnexF (informative) Portability Considerations
F.l User Requirements
F.l User Requirements
511 F.2 Portability Capabilities
F.2 Portability Capabilities
512 Portability Capability Summary
513 F.2 Portability Capabilities
515 F.2 Portability Capabilities
516 F.3 E™rofiling Considerations
519 F.3 Profiling Considerations
521 F.3 Profiling Considerations
523 Annex G (informative) Performance Metrics
G 1 Performance Measurement Documentation
524 G.2 Signals
525 G.3 Synchronized Input and Output
527 G.4 Asynchronous Input and Output
529 G.5 Semaphores
G.5 Semaphores
530 G.6 Process Memory Locking
531 G.7 Shared Memory
G.8 Execution Scheduling
G.8 Execution Scheduling
533 G.9 Clocks and Timers
G.9 Clocks and Timers
536 G.10 Message Passing
537 Annex H (informative) Realtime Files
Annex H Realtime Files
538 H.l Data Definitions for Realtime Files
539 Data Definitions for Realtime Files
541 Data Definitions for Realtime Files
544 H.2 Realtime File Functions
549 H.2 Realtime File Functions
551 H.2 Realtime File Functions
553 H.2 Realtime File Functions
556 H.3 Realtime Files
557 H.3 Realtime Files
558 H.4 Rationale for Realtime Files
559 H.4 Rationale for Realtime Files
561 H.5 Realtime File Functions
H.5 Realtime File Functions
563 H.5 Realtime File Functions
567 Identifier Index
Identifier Index
569 Identifier Index
573 Identifier Index
575 Alphabetic Topical Index
IEEE 1003.1b 1993
$164.13