IEEE 1050 1989

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IEEE Guide for Instrumentation and Control Equipment Grounding in Generating Stations

Published By	Publication Date	Number of Pages
IEEE	1989	81

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Description

New IEEE Standard – Inactive – Superseded. Superseded by 1050-1996. Guidance for the design of grounding systems for instrumentation and control equipment specific to large central generating stations is provided. The goal is to achieve both a suitable level of protection for personnel and equipment and suitable electric noise immunity for signal ground references. Requirements for the grounding of systems associated with the interconnection of the station to adjacent substations are considered, since these are a large source of electrical noise. Both ideal theoretical methods and accepted practices in the electric utility industry are presented. Applications relating to advanced energy storage and conversion technologies (photovoltaics, fuel cells, etc.) are not considered. .

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PDF Pages	PDF Title
9	1 Scope 2 Introduction
10	3 Definitions
11	3.1 Acronym List Electrical Noise Minimization 4.1 Typical Noise Sources and Their Characteristics 4.1.1 Natural Sources 4.1.2 Incidental Sources
13	Line-Notching Waveshape
15	4.1.3 Intentional Sources 4.2 Noise-Coupling Methods Electrostatic Discharge Noise Generation
16	4.2.1 Characteristics of Electromagnetic Fields 4.2.2 Common Impedance Coupling (Conductive) 4.2.3 Capacitive Coupling (Electric) Example of Common Impedance Coupling (Ground Loop)
17	4.2.4 Inductive Coupling (Magnetic) Example of Capacitive Coupling
18	4.2.5 Radiative Coupling (Electromagnetic) 4.2.6 Interference Modes Example of Inductive Coupling
19	4.3 Techniques for Electrical Noise Minimization Suppression at the Source Example of Common and Differential Mode Interference
20	Suppression with a Diode and Series Resistance
21	4.3.3 Shielding
22	Capacitance versus Conductor Separation
23	4.3.4 Grounding Waveguide Beyond Cutoff Frequency
24	4.3.5 Filters Fig 10 Diagram of a Closed EM1 Barrier Fig 11 Realization of Fig
25	Other Noise Minimization Techniques 4.3.7 Summary-Minimization Techniques Classified by Coupling Mechanism
26	5 Grounding 5.1 Grounding Philosophy 5.1.1 Principal Objectives
27	5.1.2 Generating Station Grounding System Equipment Grounding for Electrical Safety 5.2 Other Grounding Considerations 5.2.1 AC and Signal Ground Buses 5.2.2 Ground Conductor Lengths Generating Station-to-Substation Interconnect 5.2.4 CT VT and CCVT Grounding
28	5.2.5 Gas Insulated Switchgear 5.2.6 Conduit and Cable Tray Grounding 5.3 Signal Ground Systems Single-Point Ground System
29	Multiple-Point Ground System Floating Ground System 5.4 Signal Cable Shield Grounding Requirements Cable Shield Requirements Fig 12 Single-Point Ground System
30	Fig 13 Single-Point Ground System with Locally Floating Subsystems
31	Fig 14 Multiple-Point Ground System for High-Frequency Signals
32	Fig 15 Multiple-Point Ground System for Low-Frequency Signals with Large Separation
33	Fig 16 Floating Ground System
34	Fig 17 Twisted-Pair Control Cables without Shield Fig 18 Differential Mode Voltage VDM as a Function of Circuit Balance
35	5.4.2 Analysis of Shield Grounding Practices Fig 19 Shielded Circuit Grounded at One End
36	Signal Source
37	Both Ends-Ideal
38	Central Distribution Frame (CDF) Grounding Practice Fig 22 Shield Grounded at Both Ends-Actual
39	5.4.4 Coaxial Cable 5.4.5 Twisted-Pair Cable 5.4.6 Balanced Circuits
40	Fig 23 Common Mode Rejection with Balanced Circuits Fig 24 Common Mode Rejection Nullified by Ground
41	5.4.7 Other Cable Shielding Considerations Comparison of Cable Shielding Effectiveness Generating Station Applications 6.1 General Requirements for Control Loop Grounding 6.1.1 Local Ground 6.1.2 Floating Ground 6.2 Application of Grounding Methods for I&C Systems 6.2.1 Single-Point Ground
42	Fig 25 Examples of Locally Grounded Instruments
43	6.2.2 Multiple-Point Ground Fig 26 Examples of Floating Instrumentation Loops
44	6.2.3 Floating Ground 6.3 Grounding System Design Equipment Ground (Mechanical or AC Ground) 6.3.2 Signal Ground (Control or DC Ground)
45	6.4 Grounding of a Centralized System 6.5 Grounding of a Distributed System
46	Fig 27 Distributed I&C Grounding Arrangement
47	6.5.1 Floating Ground for Digital Communications in a Distributed System 6.6 Grounding of Control Circuits Based on Susceptibility 6.6.1 Grounding for High-Susceptibility Control Circuits 6.6.2 Grounding for Medium-Susceptibility Control Circuits Fig 28 Grounding Differential Drivers and Receivers
48	6.6.3 Grounding for Low-Susceptibility Control Circuits Signal Grounding
49	6.7 Grounding for High-Frequency Signals 7 Testing 7.1 General 7.2 Sources of Ground Loops 7.3 Ground Loop Prevention and Detection
50	Fig 30 Test for Detection of Ground Loops
51	7.4 Testing for Ground Loops
52	7.5 Signal Ground System Integrity System 8 Bibliography
56	Appendix Example of CDF Grounding Arrangement
57	Analog Control Loops-Ideal
58	Analog Control Loops-CDF
59	Floating Signal Loops-Ideal
60	Fig A5 Floating Signal Loops-CDF
61	Grounded Signal Loops-Ideal
62	Grounded Signal Loops-CDF
63	Digital (Dry Contact) Input-Ideal
64	Digital (Dry Contact) InpuLCDF
65	Fig A10 Computer Analog Input Connections-Ideal
66	Fig All Computer Analog Input Connections-CDF
67	Fig A12 Vibration Signals-Ideal
68	Fig A13 Vibration Signals-CDF
69	Fig A14 Thermocouples-Ideal
70	Fig A15 Thermocouples-CDF
71	RTD™s-Ideal
72	RTD™s-CDF
73	Fig A18 Ungrounded RTD™s-Ideal
74	Fig A19 Ungrounded RTD™s-CDF
75	Fig A20 Core Detector-Ideal
76	Fig A21 Core Detector-CDF
77	Fig A22 Ion Chamber-Ideal
78	Fig A23 Ion Chamber-CDF
79	Fig A24 Installation Methods for Packaged Systems-Ideal
80	Fig A25 Installation Methods for Packaged Systems-CDF

Additional information

Standard Title	IEEE Guide for Instrumentation and Control Equipment Grounding in Generating Stations
Published Code	IEEE
Publication Date	1989
Pages Count	81

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