IEEE 1361 2014
$48.75
IEEE Guide for Selecting, Charging, Testing, and Evaluating Lead-Acid Batteries Used in Stand-Alone Photovoltaic (PV) Systems
Published By | Publication Date | Number of Pages |
IEEE | 2014 | 39 |
Revision Standard – Active. This guide is applicable to all stand-alone photovoltaic (PV) systems where PV is the only charging source. Stand-alone PV system parameters and operating conditions are discussed in relation to battery characteristics and expected system performance. Charging parameters for PV systems are suggested to help in the selection of a battery for a specific application. Finally, a performance test to verify the battery selection and system parameters is provided, including discussions on how to interpret test results. Test results only provide information on initial battery performance. No cycle-life predictions are made.
PDF Catalog
PDF Pages | PDF Title |
---|---|
1 | IEEE Std 1361-2014 Front cover |
3 | Title page |
5 | Important notices and disclaimers concerning IEEE standards documents |
8 | Participants |
10 | Introduction |
11 | Contents |
13 | Important notice 1. Overview 1.1 Scope |
14 | 1.2 Purpose 2. Normative references 3. Definitions |
15 | 4. Safety |
16 | 4.1 Arc hazard 4.2 Hydrogen venting |
17 | 4.3 Spill containment 5. Lead-acid battery selection and use 5.1 Battery characteristics 5.2 Selection criteria |
18 | 5.3 PV system parameters 6. Recommended test plan 6.1 Objectives |
19 | 6.2 Parameter selection 6.3 PV battery test procedure |
25 | 6.4 Evaluation of test results |
26 | Annex A (informative) Lead-acid battery technologies A.1 Battery applications A.2 Vented lead-acid batteries |
27 | A.3 VRLA batteries |
28 | A.4 Battery selection A.5 Self-discharge |
29 | A.6 Temperature effects A.7 Electrolyte management |
30 | A.8 Cycle-life A.9 Battery coulombic or amp-hour (Ah) recharge efficiency |
31 | A.10 Charge acceptance A.11 Sulfation |
32 | A.12 Hydration A.13 Mossing A.14 Battery mounting orientation A.15 Life-cycle considerations A.16 Battery thermal runaway |
34 | Annex B (informative) PV system operational parameters B.1 Battery charging B.2 Battery equalization |
35 | B.3 PV array-to-load ratio B.4 Charge controllers B.5 Regulation voltage (Vr) set point |
36 | B.6 Maximum system voltage |
37 | B.7 Ground faults B.8 Depth of discharge B.9 Temperature effects |
38 | B.10 Autonomy B.11 Geographical site location B.12 Photovoltaic battery end-of-life |
39 | Annex C (informative) Bibliography |