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IEEE 1361 2014

$48.75

IEEE Guide for Selecting, Charging, Testing, and Evaluating Lead-Acid Batteries Used in Stand-Alone Photovoltaic (PV) Systems

Published By Publication Date Number of Pages
IEEE 2014 39
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Revision Standard – Active. This guide is applicable to all stand-alone photovoltaic (PV) systems where PV is the only charging source. Stand-alone PV system parameters and operating conditions are discussed in relation to battery characteristics and expected system performance. Charging parameters for PV systems are suggested to help in the selection of a battery for a specific application. Finally, a performance test to verify the battery selection and system parameters is provided, including discussions on how to interpret test results. Test results only provide information on initial battery performance. No cycle-life predictions are made.

PDF Catalog

PDF Pages PDF Title
1 IEEE Std 1361-2014 Front cover
3 Title page
5 Important notices and disclaimers concerning IEEE standards documents
8 Participants
10 Introduction
11 Contents
13 Important notice

1. Overview
1.1 Scope
14 1.2 Purpose
2. Normative references
3. Definitions
15 4. Safety
16 4.1 Arc hazard
4.2 Hydrogen venting
17 4.3 Spill containment
5. Lead-acid battery selection and use
5.1 Battery characteristics
5.2 Selection criteria
18 5.3 PV system parameters
6. Recommended test plan
6.1 Objectives
19 6.2 Parameter selection
6.3 PV battery test procedure
25 6.4 Evaluation of test results
26 Annex A (informative) Lead-acid battery technologies
A.1 Battery applications
A.2 Vented lead-acid batteries
27 A.3 VRLA batteries
28 A.4 Battery selection
A.5 Self-discharge
29 A.6 Temperature effects
A.7 Electrolyte management
30 A.8 Cycle-life
A.9 Battery coulombic or amp-hour (Ah) recharge efficiency
31 A.10 Charge acceptance
A.11 Sulfation
32 A.12 Hydration
A.13 Mossing
A.14 Battery mounting orientation
A.15 Life-cycle considerations
A.16 Battery thermal runaway
34 Annex B (informative) PV system operational parameters
B.1 Battery charging
B.2 Battery equalization
35 B.3 PV array-to-load ratio
B.4 Charge controllers
B.5 Regulation voltage (Vr) set point
36 B.6 Maximum system voltage
37 B.7 Ground faults
B.8 Depth of discharge
B.9 Temperature effects
38 B.10 Autonomy
B.11 Geographical site location
B.12 Photovoltaic battery end-of-life
39 Annex C (informative) Bibliography
IEEE 1361 2014
$48.75