IEEE 141 1994

$91.54

IEEE Recommended Practice for Electric Power Distribution for Industrial Plants

Published By	Publication Date	Number of Pages
IEEE	1994	736

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Description

Revision Standard – Active. This IEEE Standards product is part of the Color Books family. A thorough analysis of basic electrical-systems considerations is presented. Guidance is provided in design, construction, and continuity of an overall system to achieve safety of life and preservation of property; reliability; simplicity of operation; voltage regulation in the utilization of equipment within the tolerance limits under all load conditions; care and maintenance; and flexibility to permit development and expansion. Recommendations are made regarding system planning; voltage considerations; surge voltage protection; system protective devices; fault calculations; grounding; power switching, transformation, and motor-control apparatus; instruments and meters; cable systems; busways; electrical energy conservation; and cost estimation.

PDF Catalog

PDF Pages	PDF Title
1	Title page
5	Introduction
6	Participants
9	Acknowledgments
10	Chapter 1—Overview 1.1 Scope and general information 1.2 Industrial plants
14	1.3 Industry Applications Society (IAS)
15	1.4 Professional registration
16	1.5 Professional liability 1.6 Codes and standards
19	1.7 Handbooks
20	1.8 Periodicals
21	1.9 Manufacturers’ Data 1.10 Safety
24	1.11 Maintenance 1.12 Design considerations
28	1.13 Estimating
29	1.14 Contracts
30	1.15 Access and loading 1.16 Contractor performance
31	1.17 Environmental considerations 1.18 Technical files 1.19 Electronic systems
33	1.20 Programmable logic controller (PLC) 1.21 Bibliography
36	Chapter 2—System planning 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Definitions 2.3 Basic design considerations
40	2.4 Planning guide for the supply and distribution system
65	2.5 Power system modernization and evaluation studies/programs
67	2.6 References
68	2.7 Bibliography
70	Chapter 3—Voltage considerations 3.1 General
75	3.2 Voltage control in electric power systems
87	3.3 Voltage selection
90	3.4 Voltage ratings for low-voltage utilization equipment
91	3.5 Effect of voltage variations on low-voltage and medium-voltage utilization equipment
95	3.6 Voltage drop considerations in locating the low-voltage secondary distribution system power s…
96	3.7 Improvement of voltage conditions
98	3.8 Phase-voltage unbalance in three-phase systems
100	3.9 Voltage sags and flicker
104	3.10 Harmonics
105	3.11 Calculation of voltage drops
116	3.12 References
117	3.13 Bibliography
118	Chapter 4—Short-circuit current calculations 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Sources of fault current
121	4.3 Fundamentals of short-circuit current calculations
124	4.4 Restraints of simplified calculations
133	4.5 Detailed procedure
147	4.6 Example of short-circuit current calculation for a power system with several voltage levels
167	4.7 Example of short-circuit current calculation for a low-voltage system (under 1000 V)
179	4.8 Calculation of short-circuit currents for dc systems 4.9 References
180	4.10 Bibliography
194	Chapter 5—Application and coordination of protective devices 5.1 Purpose
196	5.2 Analysis of system behavior and protection needs
201	5.3 Protective devices and their applications [B23], [B42], [B65]
231	5.4 Performance limitations
232	5.5 Principles of protective relay application [B23], [B43], [B65]
247	5.6 Protection requirements
259	5.7 Use and interpretation of time-current coordination curves
269	5.8 Specific examples—applying the fundamentals
290	5.9 Acceptance testing (commissioning), maintenance, and field testing
313	5.10 Bibliography
320	Chapter 6—Surge voltage protection 6.1 Nature of the problem
324	6.2 Traveling-wave behavior
331	6.3 Insulation voltage withstand characteristics
339	6.4 Arrester characteristics and ratings
345	6.5 Arrester selection
347	6.6 Selection of arrester class
349	6.7 Application concepts
364	6.8 References
366	6.9 Bibliography
372	Chapter 7—Grounding 7.1 Introduction 7.2 System grounding
379	7.3 Equipment grounding
384	7.4 Static and lightning protection grounding
388	7.5 Connection to earth
392	7.6 Ground resistance measurement
398	7.7 References 7.8 Bibliography
402	Chapter 8—Power factor and related considerations 8.1 General scope
403	8.2 Current and power flow fundamentals
406	8.3 Benefits of power-factor improvement
411	8.4 Typical plant power factor
413	8.5 Instruments and measurements for power-factor studies
414	8.6 Techniques to improve the power factor
419	8.7 Calculation methods for improving power factor
420	8.8 Location of reactive power supply
421	8.9 Capacitors with induction motors
431	8.10 Capacitor standards and operating characteristics
434	8.11 Controls for switched capacitors
436	8.12 Transients and capacitor switching
444	8.13 Protection of capacitors and capacitor banks
446	8.14 Resonance and harmonics
447	8.15 Inspection and field testing of power capacitors
449	8.16 References
451	8.17 Bibliography
452	Chapter 9—Harmonics in power systems 9.1 Introduction 9.2 Importance of understanding effects of harmonics
453	9.3 History of harmonic problems and solutions
454	9.4 Definition and sources of harmonic currents and voltages
456	9.5 Characteristics of harmonics
458	9.6 Static power converter theory
464	9.7 System response characteristics
467	9.8 Effects of harmonics
475	9.9 Harmonic analysis
476	9.10 Mitigation techniques
480	9.11 Industry standards
482	9.12 Bibliography
484	Chapter 10—Power switching, transformation, and motor control apparatus 10.1 Introduction
487	10.2 Switching apparatus for power circuits
501	10.3 Switchgear
512	10.4 Transformers
528	10.5 Unit substations
530	10.6 Motor control equipment
538	10.7 Adjustable speed drives
541	10.8 Bibliography
545	Chapter 11— Instruments and meters 11.1 Introduction
548	11.2 Basic objectives 11.3 Switchboard and panel instruments
550	11.4 Portable instruments
551	11.5 Recording instruments
552	11.6 Miscellaneous instruments
553	11.7 Meters
557	11.8 Auxiliary devices
559	11.9 Typical installations
560	11.10 Bibliography
561	Chapter 12— Cable systems 12.1 Introduction
562	12.2 Cable construction
574	12.3 Cable outer finishes
578	12.4 Cable ratings
587	12.5 Installation
594	12.6 Connectors
600	12.7 Terminations
609	12.8 Splicing devices and techniques
613	12.9 Grounding of cable systems
614	12.10 Protection from transient overvoltage
615	12.11 Testing
621	12.12 Locating cable faults
625	12.13 Cable specification 12.14 References
627	12.15 Bibliography
629	Chapter 13—Busways 13.1 Origin 13.2 Busway construction
631	13.3 Feeder busway
632	13.4 Plug-in busway
634	13.5 Lighting busway
635	13.6 Trolley busway 13.7 Standards
636	13.8 Selection and application of busways
642	13.9 Layout
643	13.10 Installation
645	13.11 Field testing 13.12 Busways over 600 V (metal-enclosed bus)
647	13.13 References
649	Chapter 14—Electrical conservation through energy management 14.1 Introduction
650	14.2 Finding energy conservation opportunities
651	14.3 The energy management process
654	14.4 Calculating energy savings
661	14.5 Load management
663	14.6 Efficiencies of electrical equipment
666	14.7 Metering
668	14.8 Lighting
677	14.9 Cogeneration
678	14.10 Peak shaving 14.11 Summary
680	14.12 Bibliography
683	Chapter 15—Industrial substations: Plant-utility interface considerations 15.1 Introduction
686	15.2 Planning stage
697	15.3 Design stage
705	15.4 Construction stage
707	15.5 Operating stage
708	15.6 Bibliography
711	Chapter 16—Cost estimating of industrial power systems 16.1 Introduction 16.2 Information required
712	16.3 Factors to be considered 16.4 Preparing the cost estimate 16.5 Classes of estimates
713	16.6 Equipment and material costs 16.7 Installation costs
714	16.8 Other costs 16.9 Example
715	16.10 Bibliography
727	Annex 16A Selected sources for cost-estimating information
729	Annex A—Power system device function numbers