IEEE 60214-2-2019
$60.67
IEEE/IEC International Standard for TAP-changers –Part 2: Application guidelines
Published By | Publication Date | Number of Pages |
IEEE | 2019 |
New IEEE Standard – Active.
PDF Catalog
PDF Pages | PDF Title |
---|---|
1 | IEC/IEEE 60214-2 Front Cover |
3 | Title page |
4 | CONTENTS |
9 | FOREWORD |
12 | INTRODUCTION |
13 | 1 Scope 2 Normative references 2.1 IEC references |
14 | 2.2 IEEE references 3 Terms, definitions and abbreviated terms 3.1 Terms and definitions |
15 | 3.2 Abbreviated terms 4 Use of normative references |
16 | 5 Application of tap-changers for transformers and reactors 5.1 General 5.2 Typical circuits for regulation Figures Figure 1 – Tap-changers in a star-connected winding |
17 | Figure 2 – Tap-changers in series transformers Figure 3 – Tap-changers in delta-connected windings |
18 | 5.3 Basic arrangements of tapped windings with on-load tap-changers Figure 4 – Tap-changers in autotransformers |
19 | 5.4 Basic arrangements of tapped windings with step-voltage regulator on-load tap-changers 5.5 Basic arrangements of tapped windings with de-energized tap-changers 5.5.1 Bridging contact scheme for DETC Figure 5 – Basic arrangements of the regulating winding |
20 | 5.5.2 Linear contact scheme for DETC 5.5.3 WYE (star) contact scheme for DETC 5.5.4 Most common basic arrangements for different combinations |
21 | 6 Types of tap-changers 6.1 On-load tap-changers (OLTCs) 6.1.1 General Figure 6 – Common connection arrangements |
22 | 6.1.2 Principles of operation |
23 | Figure 7 – Operating sequence of a diverter switch (d to i) and tap selector (a to c)(non-vacuum type diverter switch with operating cycle number 1) |
24 | Figure 8 – Operating sequence of a selector switch (a to e)(non-vacuum type selector switch with operating cycle number 1) Figure 9 – Diagram of connections of non-vacuum, resistor type on-load tap-changers(IEC 60214-1:2014, Table A.1, or IEEE Std C57.131-2012, Table A.1) |
26 | Figure 10 – Diagram of connections of vacuum, resistor type on-load tap-changers(IEC 60214-1:2014, Table A.3) |
28 | Figure 11 – Operating sequence (a) to g)) of a diverter switch and tap selector(non-vacuum type) |
29 | 6.1.3 Physical layouts Figure 12 – Diagram of connections of non-vacuum, reactor type on-load tap-changers(IEC 60214-1:2014, Annex B, or IEEE Std C57.131-2012, Annex B) Figure 13 – Diagram of connections of reactor type on-loadtap-changer with vacuum interrupter and tap selector(IEC 60214-1:2014, Annex B, or IEEE Std C57.131-2012, Annex B) |
31 | Figure 14 – Common layouts for compartment type tap-changers |
33 | Figure 15 – Common layouts for in-tank-type tap-changers |
34 | 6.2 De-energized tap-changers (DETCs) 6.2.1 General 6.2.2 Types of DETC 6.2.3 Location of DETC in the transformer tank or enclosure |
35 | Figure 16 – Common arrangements of DETCs in the transformer main tank |
36 | 6.3 Tap-changer environment 6.3.1 Liquid immersed tap-changers |
37 | 6.3.2 Dry-type tap-changers (OLTC and DETC) |
38 | 6.3.3 Gas-immersed tap-changers (SF6-insulated tap-changers) |
39 | Figure 17 – Externally mounted diverter compartmentwith an in-tank tap selector and a barrier board |
40 | 6.4 Other types 6.4.1 General 6.4.2 Electronic tap-changers 6.4.3 Step-voltage regulators 6.4.4 Advance retard switch (ARS) |
41 | 6.4.5 OLTCs for distribution transformers 7 On-load tap-changers 7.1 General 7.2 Selection of OLTCs 7.2.1 Basic parameters Figure 18 – ARS application and mode of operation in a PST |
46 | Figure 19 – Selector at both fine tap and coarse winding |
47 | 7.2.2 Additional data 7.3 Application of OLTCs 7.3.1 General 7.3.2 OLTCs for application in special transformers with non-sinusoidal currents (HVDC, rectifier transformers, converter transformers, etc.) |
48 | 7.3.3 OLTCs for PSTs |
49 | 7.3.4 OLTCs for arc furnace transformers 7.3.5 OLTCs for shunt reactors |
50 | 7.3.6 OLTCs for series reactors 7.3.7 OLTCs for unit auxiliary transformers 7.3.8 OLTCs for railway supply transformers 7.3.9 Transformers and phases out-of-step condition |
51 | 7.4 Other important parameters for OLTCs 7.4.1 Current wave shapes other than sinusoidal 7.4.2 Operating pressure |
52 | 7.4.3 Operational life of breaking and making contacts Figure 20 – Tap-changer oil conservator arrangement |
53 | 7.4.4 Tap-changer mechanical life 7.4.5 Motor-drive mechanism 7.4.6 Pressure and vacuum test |
54 | 7.4.7 Temperature conditions 7.4.8 Overloading conditions |
55 | 7.4.9 Continuous consecutive operations 7.4.10 Preventive autotransformer circuit (reactor type tap-changer only) |
56 | 8 De-energized tap-changers 8.1 General 8.2 Selection of DETCs 8.2.1 Currents |
57 | 8.2.2 Rated step voltage 8.2.3 Insulation level 8.2.4 Number of tap positions 8.3 Application of DETCs 8.3.1 General 8.3.2 Frequencies 8.3.3 Application involving non-sinusoidal currents(HVDCs, rectifier transformers, converter transformers, etc.) |
58 | 8.3.4 DETCs for arc furnace transformers and other high load cycle applications 8.3.5 DETCs for peaking pulsing loads 8.4 Other important parameters for DETCs 8.4.1 Tap-changer mechanical life 8.4.2 Motor-drive 8.4.3 Paralleling de-energized tap-changers/current splitting |
59 | 9 Protective devices for OLTCs 9.1 General Figure 21 – Current splitting in DETCs |
60 | 9.2 Increase of pressure within diverter or selector switch liquid compartments 9.2.1 General 9.2.2 Liquid flow controlled relay 9.2.3 Overpressure relay |
61 | 9.2.4 Sudden pressure relay 9.2.5 Pressure relief device 9.3 Increase of pressure within a diverter or selector switch in SF6 9.3.1 General 9.3.2 Pressure gauge (compound gauge) |
62 | 9.3.3 Sudden pressure relay 9.4 Switching under excessive overload 9.5 Extreme medium temperatures 9.6 Increase of pressure within separate tap selector liquid compartments 9.6.1 General |
63 | 9.6.2 Double element gas and liquid operated relay (Buchholz) 9.6.3 Overpressure relay 9.6.4 Pressure relief device 9.7 Tap-change supervisory circuit and phase unbalance protection |
64 | 9.8 Vacuum interrupter monitoring system 10 Fittings and accessories for OLTCs 10.1 General 10.2 Valves, air release vents and liquid-sampling devices 10.3 Liquid-level gauges |
65 | 10.4 Low liquid-level alarms 10.5 Dehydrating breathers 10.6 Oil filtering equipment 10.7 Devices to aid maintenance 10.8 Nameplate and other plates |
66 | 11 Storage and installation of the tap-changer 11.1 Storage of OLTC and DETC when not in operation 11.1.1 General 11.1.2 Storage prior to installation 11.1.3 Storage after installation |
67 | 11.2 Leads assembly to/at the tap-changer 11.3 Tap-changer mounting to the transformer tank Figure 22 – Types of in-tank OLTC installations within the transformer |
68 | 11.4 Processing and filling 11.5 Operation of OLTC for ratio measurement |
69 | 12 Field service (operation, maintenance and monitoring) 12.1 Commissioning 12.1.1 General 12.1.2 Transformer ratio measurement |
70 | 12.1.3 Tap-changer concerns during winding resistance measurement 12.1.4 Check of the synchronization of the drive system |
71 | 12.1.5 General functional checks 12.2 Operation 12.2.1 Parallel operation 12.2.2 Contact erosion and liquid contamination |
72 | 12.2.3 Overheating of contacts when operating in fixed tap position 12.2.4 Discharges during the operation of change-over selectors |
73 | 12.3 Maintenance 12.3.1 General 12.3.2 Maintenance intervals 12.3.3 Performance of maintenance 12.3.4 Maintenance work 12.3.5 Contact resistance measurement |
74 | 12.3.6 Motor-drives and shafts 12.3.7 Accessories 12.4 Monitoring 12.4.1 General |
75 | 12.4.2 Periodic monitoring |
77 | 12.4.3 Continuous monitoring 12.4.4 Commercial monitoring systems |
78 | 13 Safety 13.1 Gases 13.2 Operation of an on-load tap-changer 13.2.1 General 13.2.2 Overpressure protection 13.2.3 Pressure relief devices 13.3 Operation of de-energized tap-changers 13.3.1 General |
79 | 13.3.2 Manual drive operation 13.3.3 Motor-drive operation |
80 | 13.4 Immersing medium 14 Information to be provided by the transformer manufacturer 14.1 Information required at the enquiry or order stage for an OLTC |
82 | 14.2 Information required at the enquiry or order stage for a DETC 14.2.1 General 14.2.2 Only for rack or slide-type design of DETC 14.2.3 Small DETCs |
83 | 14.3 Documentation |
84 | Bibliography |
87 | IEEE Back Cover |