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IEEE 739 1984

$28.17

IEEE Recommended Practice for Energy Conservation and Cost-Effective Planning in Industrial Facilities

Published By Publication Date Number of Pages
IEEE 1984 161
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New IEEE Standard – Inactive – Superseded. Superseded by IEEE Std 739-1995 This recommended practice serves as an engineering guide for use in electrical design for energy conservation. It provides a standard design practice to assist engineers in evaluating electrical options from an energy standpoint. It establishes engineering techniques and procedures to allow efficiency optimization in the design and operation of an electrical system considering all aspects (safety, costs, environment, those occupying the facility, management needs, etc.).

PDF Catalog

PDF Pages PDF Title
2 Fig 6 Time Value Chart
16 1 Introduction
1.1 General Discussion
1.2 Conservation
17 1.3 Methodology
1.4 Energy Management
1.5 Periodicals
18 1.6 Standards and Recommended Practices
19 1.7 Industry Application Society (IAS)
20 1.8 IEEE Publications
1.9 Governmental Regulatory Agencies
21 1.10 Keeping Informed
conditions of service
conventional advice on rates
energy audits
energy conservation services
local
rules
22 1.11 Professional Activities
1.12 Coordination with Other Disciplines
23 1.13 Textorganization
24 1.14 Fuels
28 2 Organizing for Energy Conservation
2.1 Introduction
2.1.1 Types of Industrial Energy Applications
29 2.1.2 Energy Saving Methods
2.2 Organizing the Program
30 2.3 Surveying Energy Uses and Losses
31 2.3.1 Lighting
Walkthrough audit
32 2.3.2 Heating Ventilating and Air Conditioning
2.3.3 Motors and Drives
Weatherstrip
33 2.3.4 Processes
2.3.5 Other Electrical Equipment
34 2.3.6 Building Environmental Shell
2.3.7 Overall Considerations
2.3.8 Energy Balance
Fig 1 EnergyBalance
glaze
35 2.4 Energy Conservation Opportunities
36 2.5 Energy Monitoring and Accounting
2.5.1 Percent Reduction Energy Rate Method
Product Energy Rate
37 2.5.2 Design Energy-Savings Report
2.5.3 Activity Method
Activity Method Report
38 Enegy-Rate Method Report
39 2.5.4 Energy-Rate Method
2.5.5 Variable Energy-Rate Method
Fig 2 Change in Production
40 2.5.6 Tracking Charts
2.6 Employee Participation
Fig 3 Energy Production
41 Actual and CMA Energy Rate Versus Production Rate
Fig 5 TrackingChart
42 2.7 Summary
43 2.8 Bibliography
44 3 Translating Energy into Cost
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Important Concepts in an Economic Analysis
45 3.3 Time Value of Money
3.3.1 Determining the Cost of Money
Calculating the Time Value of Money
48 3.4 Economic Models
3.4.1 Break-Even Analysis
49 Time Value Factors
50 Marginal Cost Analysis
3.4.3 Life Cycle Costing
Example of Energy Economics
51 Annual Cost Dispersions
Present Values of Annual Costs
52 Utility Rate Structures
3.5.1 An Electric Tariff
53 3.5.2 Rate Structure Elements
55 3.5.3 Proposed Electric Rate Structures
56 Calculating the Cost of Electricity
3.6.1 Block Rate with var Charge Example
3.6.2 Demand Usage Rates Example
57 ScheduleA
58 ScheduleB
59 Riders
Block-Rate Example
60 Demand-Rate Example
61 Important Observations on the Electric Bill
3.7 Loss Evaluation
3.7.1 Introduction
Dollar Savings from Energy Reduction
62 No-Load (or single value) Loss Evaluation
3.7.3 LoadLossEvaluation
Voltage
63 3.7.4 Motor Loss Evaluation with Example
64 3.7.5 Transformer Loss and Example
66 3.7.6 Other Equipment
3.8 Bibliography
Motor Losses
68 4 LoadManagement
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Demand Control Techniques
4.3 ManualMethods
69 4.4 Automatic Controllers
70 4.5 Microcomputer System
71 Computerized Energy Management Control System
4.6.1 Energy Distribution
4.6.2 Monitor Energy Consumption
4.6.3 Methods of Conversation
4.6.4 Loadshedding
4.6.5 Cogeneration
4.6.6 Maintenance Prediction
72 (d) Converging Rate Principle (e) Predicted Demand Principle
73 4.7 Economic Justification for Energy Management Systems
4.8 Bibliography
76 Conservation Considerations in Electrical Machines and Equipment
5.1 Induction Motors
77 core-type
78 Effect of Voltage on Motors at Full Load
Motor Characteristics at Various Loads
79 Effect of Voltage Imbalance on a 200 hp Motor at Full Load
dip
flicker
imbalance
full load (Table
reduction technique
Wave distortion
Welders
80 Total Industrial Electrical Consumption (1972) (billions kWh)
AC Polyphase Motors
81 5.2 Synchronous Motors
5.3 Solid-state Devices
Open. drip proof 1800 r/min NEMA Design B)
82 Thyristor Drive Characteristics
Smoothed DC Load
83 5.4 Transformers
5.5 Reactors
Transformer Load Versus Loss of Life
distorted voltage waveforms
84 5.6 Capacitors
5.7 Frequency Effects
Increase in Harmonics Due to Capacitor
Skin Effect on a 300 MCM Conductor
85 5.8 SizeandEnergy
5.9 Voltage Considerations
Skin Effects on Large Conductors
Voltage considerations
direct current
reaction current
real power diversity
thyristor driver
86 5.10 SystemEvaluation
corona threshold voltage
sine-wave voltage
surge arresters
surge suppressors
88 Energy Saving Devices
5.12 Bibliography
90 Metering and Measurement
Reasons for Metering
91 Typical Form for Recording Electrical Load
92 Typical Industrial Textile Plant
Waste treatment
chilled water
chilled water pumps
93 Portraying Plant Efficiency
94 Subtractive Metering
95 Weekly Consumption Versus Production Compared to Standard
96 Metering Energy Flow
Basic Meter Components
Voltmeters
97 Data Loggers and Demand Controllers
98 Electrical Reading Log Sheet
100 Wattmeter Connection
101 6.4 Meter Selection
Voltage transformer
102 Meter Timing for Kilowatt Measurement
Determining Induction Motor Loads
Tachometer
optical
mechanical
103 6.7 Practical Examples
Method of Metering Air Flow from a Centrifugal Compressor
104 6.8 Other Considerations
105 Compared to Individual Feeder Loads
108 Energy Conservation in Lighting Systems
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Definitions
109 Method of Presentation
110 Total Lighting System
111 The Task and the Working Space
7.4.1 TaskDescription
7.4.2 TaskIllumination
Efficient Room Lighting
Task description
112 Light Source Efficacy
Recommended Surface Reflectances for Offices
Recommended Luminance Ratios
Lamp Energy Data (Nominal Data in %) Initial Ratings
113 Light Source Characteristics
Lamps and Color
Lamp Lumen Efficacies
114 Lamp Output Characteristics
115 Color Characteristics of Light Sources
116 7.5.4 Light Sources
7 54.1 Incandescent
7.5.4.2 Fluorescent
Visual comparisons
117 7.5.4.3 High-Intensity Discharge
White light
118 7.5.4.4 Low-Pressure Sodium
Lamp Start Times
119 7.5.4.5 Economic Considerations
7.6 Ballasts
Figures of Merit
7.6.2 Ballast Factor
7.6.3 Fluorescent Ballasts
Effect of Temperature and Voltage Variations
Wall temperature
120 (a) Typical HID Lamp Ballast Input Watts
121 (b) Typical Fluorescent Lamp Ballast Input Watts
122 Energy Efficient Ballasts-General Concepts
7.6.3.3 Low-Energy Ballasts
7.6.3.4 High/Low Ballasts
Relationship of Lumens Versus Ambient Temperature
123 7.6.3.5 Low-Loss Ballasts
7.6.3.6 Electronic Ballasts
High-Intensity Discharge Ballasts
7.6.4.1 General
Ballasts for High-pressure Sodium Lamps
124 Ballast Regulation Characteristics
Energy Efficient Electronic-Controlled Ballast
125 7.6.4.3 Ballast Interchangeability
7.6.5 Ballast Life
Trapezoid Diagram for the 400 W HPS Lamp
126 7.7 Luminaries
7.7.1 Efficiency Criteria
Glare Control and Utilization
127 7.7.3 Shielding Media
Reflected Glare Illustration
128 7.7.4 Dirt Effect and Maintenance Considerations
7.7.5 AirMovement
7.8 Lighting Controls
7.8.1 General
7.8.2 Switching
Fluorescent Fixture Distribution Pattern
129 7.8.3 Dimming
130 Remote Control Systems
Automatic Control Systems
Optimizing Lighting Energy
People and the Visual Task
131 Illumination Quantity and Quality
7.9.3 Lighting Hardware
7.9.4 Maintenance Characteristics
Space-Mounting Height Ratio
132 7.10 Power Factor
Energy Requirements for Four Lighting Systems
133 Interaction of Lighting with Other Building Subsystems
7.11.1 General
HVAC Subsystem Interaction
Comparative Output of Light Sources
134 7.12 EvaluationTechniques
7.13 Bibliography
135 Annual Cost Work Sheet
138 8 Cogeneration
8.1 Introduction
Forms of Cogeneration
139 Plant Topping Cycle Cogeneration Steam System
Plant Combined Cycle Cogeneration Steam System
141 Output
142 Determining the Feasibility of Cogeneration
Approximations for Determining Cogeneration Feasibility
143 Scale Cost Comparisons
144 8.4 Size Considerations
Small Industrial Plant Basic Economic Parameters
Unit steam cost
Unit fuel cost
145 8.5 Typical Systems
Graphic Summary of Typical 1982 Average Cogeneration Steam Costs
146 Cogeneration Fuel-Saving Potential
147 Cogeneration Fuel-Saving Potential (Unit Comparison)
148 8.6 Other Considerations
Industrial-Industrial Cogeneration System
149 Steam/kW Cost Effect on Product Energy Cost
150 8.7 Bibliography
IEEE 739 1984
$28.17