IEEE 802.15.4 2016

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IEEE Standard for Low-Rate Wireless Personal Area Networks (WPANs)

Published By	Publication Date	Number of Pages
IEEE	2016	709

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Description

Revision Standard – Active. The protocol and compatible interconnection for data communication devices using low-data-rate, low-power, and low-complexity short-range radio frequency (RF) transmissions in a wireless personal area network (WPAN) are defined in this standard. A variety of physical layers (PHYs) have been defined that cover a wide variety of frequency bands.

PDF Catalog

PDF Pages	PDF Title
1	IEEE Std 802.15.4™-2015 Cover
2	Title page
4	Important Notices and Disclaimers Concerning IEEE Standards Documents
7	Participants
9	Historical participants
14	Introduction
15	Contents
36	IMPORTANT NOTICE 1. Overview 1.1 Scope 1.2 Purpose
37	2. Normative references
38	3. Definitions, acronyms, and abbreviations 3.1 Definitions
39	3.2 Acronyms and abbreviations
43	4. Format conventions 4.1 General 4.2 Fields
44	4.3 Numbers 4.4 Strings 4.5 Reserved fields and values
45	5. General description 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Special application spaces 5.2.1 Smart utility network (SUN) 5.2.2 Rail communications and control (RCC)
46	5.2.3 Television white space (TVWS) 5.2.4 Radio frequency identification (RFID) 5.2.5 Low-energy, critical infrastructure monitoring (LECIM) 5.2.6 Medical body area network (MBAN) services 5.3 Components of the IEEE 802.15.4 WPAN 5.4 Multi-PHY management (MPM) of the SUN WPAN
47	5.5 Network topologies 5.5.1 Star network formation
48	5.5.2 Peer-to-peer network formation
49	5.6 Architecture
50	5.6.1 PHY 5.6.2 MAC sublayer
51	5.7 Functional overview 5.7.1 Superframe structure 5.7.1.1 Beacon superframe
52	5.7.1.2 DSME multi-superframe structure 5.7.1.3 Slotframes 5.7.1.4 TMCTP superframe
53	5.7.2 Data transfer model 5.7.2.1 Types of data transfer models 5.7.2.2 Data transfer to a coordinator 5.7.2.3 Data transfer from a coordinator
54	5.7.2.4 Peer-to-peer data transfers 5.7.3 Frame structure 5.7.4 Access methods 5.7.4.1 Frame acknowledgment
55	5.7.4.2 Frak 5.7.4.3 Data verification 5.7.5 Power consumption considerations 5.7.5.1 Low-energy mechanisms
56	5.7.6 Security
57	5.8 Concept of primitives 5.9 Deprecation of features
58	6. MAC functional description 6.1 Device types and conventions 6.2 Channel access 6.2.1 Superframe structure
60	6.2.1.1 Contention access period (CAP) 6.2.1.2 Contention-free period (CFP) 6.2.1.3 BOP 6.2.2 Incoming and outgoing superframe timing
61	6.2.3 Enhanced Beacon frame timing for MPM procedure
62	6.2.4 IFS 6.2.5 Random access methods 6.2.5.1 CSMA-CA algorithm
65	6.2.5.2 TSCH CCA algorithm 6.2.5.3 TSCH CSMA-CA retransmission algorithm
67	6.2.5.4 CSMA-CA with PCA
70	6.2.5.5 LECIM ALOHA PCA 6.2.6 TSCH slotframe structure 6.2.6.1 General
71	6.2.6.2 Absolute slot number (ASN) 6.2.6.3 Links 6.2.6.4 Multiple slotframes
72	6.2.7 LE functional description 6.2.7.1 LE contention access period (LE CAP) 6.2.7.2 LE superframe structure 6.2.7.3 LE-incoming and outgoing superframe timing 6.2.7.4 LE scan
73	6.2.8 Superframe use for TMCTP operation 6.2.9 Rail communications and control network (RCCN) superframe structure
74	6.2.10 Channel hopping
76	6.3 Starting and maintaining PANs 6.3.1 Scanning through channels 6.3.1.1 ED channel scan 6.3.1.2 Active and passive channel scan
79	6.3.1.3 Orphan channel scan
81	6.3.1.4 RIT passive channel scan
82	6.3.2 PAN ID conflict resolution 6.3.2.1 Detection
83	6.3.2.2 Resolution 6.3.3 Starting and realigning a PAN 6.3.3.1 Starting a PAN 6.3.3.2 Realigning a PAN
85	6.3.3.3 Realignment in a PAN 6.3.3.4 Updating superframe configuration and channel PIB attributes 6.3.4 Beacon generation
87	6.3.5 Device discovery 6.3.6 TSCH PAN formation
88	6.4 Association and disassociation 6.4.1 Association
91	6.4.2 Disassociation
93	6.4.3 Fast association
94	6.5 Synchronization 6.5.1 General 6.5.2 Synchronization with beacons
96	6.5.3 Synchronization without beacons 6.5.4 Synchronization in TSCH PAN
97	6.5.4.1 Timeslot communication
98	6.5.4.2 Node synchronization
99	6.5.5 Orphaned device realignment 6.6 Transaction handling
100	6.7 Transmission, reception, and acknowledgment 6.7.1 Transmission
102	6.7.2 Reception and rejection
103	6.7.3 Extracting pending data from a coordinator
105	6.7.4 Use of acknowledgments and retransmissions 6.7.4.1 No acknowledgment
106	6.7.4.2 Acknowledgment
107	6.7.4.3 Retransmissions 6.7.5 Transmission timing restrictions
108	6.7.6 Guard time
110	6.7.7 Promiscuous mode 6.7.8 Transmission scenarios
111	6.7.9 Device announcement
112	6.8 GTS allocation and management 6.8.1 GTS general requirements
113	6.8.2 CAP maintenance 6.8.3 GTS allocation
114	6.8.4 GTS usage
115	6.8.5 GTS deallocation
116	6.8.6 GTS reallocation
118	6.8.7 GTS expiration 6.9 Ranging 6.9.1 Ranging requirements 6.9.2 Set-up activities before a ranging exchange 6.9.3 Finish-up activities after a ranging exchange
119	6.9.4 Managing DPS
120	6.9.5 The ranging exchange
121	6.10 PHY parameter change notification procedure 6.10.1 Signaling using Beacon frames 6.10.2 Signaling using multipurpose frames
122	6.11 Deterministic and synchronous multi-channel extension (DSME) 6.11.1 DSME command requirements 6.11.2 DSME multi-superframe structure
124	6.11.3 Channel diversity 6.11.3.1 Channel adaptation
125	6.11.3.2 Channel hopping
127	6.11.4 CAP reduction 6.11.5 DSME GTS allocation and management
128	6.11.5.1 DSME GTS allocation
131	6.11.5.2 DSME GTS deallocation
132	6.11.5.3 DSME GTS expiration 6.11.5.4 DSME GTS retrieve
133	6.11.5.5 DSME GTS change 6.11.6 Beacon scheduling
134	6.11.7 Time synchronization
135	6.11.8 Deferred beacon 6.11.9 Passive channel scan 6.12 LE transmission, reception and acknowledgment 6.12.1 LE transmission, reception, and acknowledgment with positive handshakes
136	6.12.2 Coordinated sampled listening (CSL)
137	6.12.2.1 CSL idle listening 6.12.2.2 CSL transmission
138	6.12.2.3 Unicast transmission 6.12.2.4 Broadcast transmission
139	6.12.2.5 CSL reception 6.12.2.6 CSL over multiple channels 6.12.2.7 Turning off CSL mode to reduce latency 6.12.3 RIT 6.12.3.1 General
140	6.12.3.2 Periodic RIT data request transmission and reception
142	6.12.3.3 RIT transmission
144	6.12.4 Implicit RIT (I-RIT) 6.13 Starting and maintaining TMCTPs
147	6.14 MPM procedure for inter-PHY coexistence
150	6.15 TVWS access procedures 6.16 Channel timing management (CTM)
152	7. MAC frame formats 7.1 Device extended address 7.2 General MAC frame format 7.2.1 Frame Control field
153	7.2.1.1 Frame Type field 7.2.1.2 Security Enabled field 7.2.1.3 Frame Pending field
154	7.2.1.4 AR field 7.2.1.5 PAN ID Compression field
155	7.2.1.6 Sequence Number Suppression 7.2.1.7 IE Present field 7.2.1.8 Destination Addressing Mode field 7.2.1.9 Frame Version field
156	7.2.1.10 Source Addressing Mode field 7.2.2 Sequence Number field 7.2.3 Destination PAN ID field 7.2.4 Destination Address field
157	7.2.5 Source PAN ID field 7.2.6 Source Address field 7.2.7 Auxiliary Security Header field 7.2.8 IE field 7.2.9 Frame Payload field 7.2.10 FCS field
159	7.3 Format of individual frame types 7.3.1 Beacon frame format
160	7.3.1.1 Beacon frame MHR field
161	7.3.1.2 IEs field 7.3.1.3 Superframe Specification field
162	7.3.1.4 GTS Info field
163	7.3.1.5 Pending Address field 7.3.1.6 Beacon Payload field
164	7.3.2 Data frame format 7.3.2.1 Data frame MHR field 7.3.2.2 Data Payload field 7.3.3 Ack frame format
166	7.3.4 MAC command frame format 7.3.4.1 MHR field 7.3.4.2 Command ID field 7.3.4.3 Payload field 7.3.5 Multipurpose frame format
167	7.3.5.1 Frame Type field 7.3.5.2 Long Frame Control field 7.3.5.3 Destination Addressing Mode field 7.3.5.4 Source Addressing Mode field 7.3.5.5 PAN ID Present field
168	7.3.5.6 Security Enabled field 7.3.5.7 Sequence Number Suppression field 7.3.5.8 Frame Pending field 7.3.5.9 Frame Version field 7.3.5.10 Ack Request field 7.3.5.11 IEs Present field 7.3.5.12 Sequence Number field 7.3.5.13 Destination PAN ID field 7.3.5.14 Destination Address field 7.3.5.15 Source Address field 7.3.5.16 Auxiliary Security Header field
169	7.3.5.17 IEs field 7.3.5.18 Payload field 7.3.6 Extended frame format 7.4 IEs 7.4.1 IE list termination
170	7.4.2 Header IEs 7.4.2.1 Header IE format
172	7.4.2.2 Vendor Specific Header IE 7.4.2.3 CSL IE 7.4.2.4 RIT IE
173	7.4.2.5 DSME PAN descriptor IE
175	7.4.2.6 Rendezvous Time IE 7.4.2.7 Time Correction IE
176	7.4.2.8 Extended DSME PAN descriptor IE
177	7.4.2.9 Fragment Sequence Context Description (FSCD) IE
178	7.4.2.10 Simplified Superframe Specification IE
179	7.4.2.11 Simplified GTS Specification IE 7.4.2.12 LECIM Capabilities IE
181	7.4.2.13 RCC Capabilities IE
183	7.4.2.14 RCCN Descriptor IE
184	7.4.2.15 Global Time IE 7.4.2.16 DA IE
185	7.4.2.17 Header Termination 1 IE 7.4.2.18 Header Termination 2 IE 7.4.3 Payload IEs 7.4.3.1 Encapsulated Service Data Unit (ESDU) IE
186	7.4.3.2 MLME IE 7.4.3.3 Payload Termination IE 7.4.4 Nested IE 7.4.4.1 Format of Nested IE
189	7.4.4.2 TSCH Synchronization IE 7.4.4.3 TSCH Slotframe and Link IE
191	7.4.4.4 TSCH Timeslot IE
192	7.4.4.5 Hopping timing IE 7.4.4.6 Enhanced Beacon Filter IE
193	7.4.4.7 MAC Metrics IE 7.4.4.8 All MAC Metrics IE
194	7.4.4.9 Coexistence Specification IE 7.4.4.10 SUN Device Capabilities IE
200	7.4.4.11 SUN FSK Generic PHY IE
201	7.4.4.12 Mode Switch Parameter IE 7.4.4.13 PHY Parameter Change IE
202	7.4.4.14 O-QPSK PHY Mode IE 7.4.4.15 PCA Allocation IE
203	7.4.4.16 LECIM DSSS Operating Mode IE
205	7.4.4.17 LECIM FSK Operating Mode IE
206	7.4.4.18 TVWS PHY Operating Mode Description IE
209	7.4.4.19 TVWS Device Capabilities IE
214	7.4.4.20 TVWS Device Category IE 7.4.4.21 TVWS Device Identification IE
215	7.4.4.22 TVWS Device Location IE
216	7.4.4.23 TVWS Channel Information Query IE
218	7.4.4.24 TVWS Channel Information Source IE
219	7.4.4.25 CTM IE
220	7.4.4.26 Timestamp IE 7.4.4.27 Timestamp Difference IE 7.4.4.28 TMCTP Specification IE
221	7.4.4.29 RCC PHY Operating Mode IE
222	7.4.4.30 Vendor Specific Nested IE 7.4.4.31 Channel hopping IE
223	7.5 MAC commands 7.5.1 Command ID field
224	7.5.2 Association Request command
225	7.5.3 Association Response command
226	7.5.4 Disassociation Notification command
227	7.5.5 Data Request command
228	7.5.6 PAN ID Conflict Notification command 7.5.7 Orphan Notification command
229	7.5.8 Beacon Request command 7.5.9 Enhanced Beacon Request command 7.5.10 Coordinator realignment command
231	7.5.11 GTS request command 7.5.12 DSME Association Request command
233	7.5.13 DSME Association Response command
234	7.5.14 DSME GTS Request command
236	7.5.15 DSME GTS Response command
238	7.5.16 DSME GTS Notify command
239	7.5.17 DSME Information Request command 7.5.18 DSME Information Response command
240	7.5.19 DSME Beacon Allocation Notification command
241	7.5.20 DSME Beacon Collision Notification command 7.5.21 DSME Link Report command
242	7.5.22 RIT Data Request command
243	7.5.23 DBS Request command
244	7.5.24 DBS Response command
245	7.5.25 RIT Data Response command 7.5.26 Vendor Specific command
246	8. MAC services 8.1 Overview 8.2 MAC management service 8.2.1 Primitives supported by the MLME-SAP interface
248	8.2.2 Common requirements for MLME primitives
249	8.2.3 Association primitives 8.2.3.1 MLME-ASSOCIATE.request
250	8.2.3.2 MLME-ASSOCIATE.indication
252	8.2.3.3 MLME-ASSOCIATE.response
253	8.2.3.4 MLME-ASSOCIATE.confirm
255	8.2.4 Disassociation primitives 8.2.4.1 MLME-DISASSOCIATE.request
257	8.2.4.2 MLME-DISASSOCIATE.indication 8.2.4.3 MLME-DISASSOCIATE.confirm
258	8.2.5 Communications notification primitives 8.2.5.1 MLME-BEACON-NOTIFY.indication
261	8.2.5.2 MLME-COMM-STATUS.indication
263	8.2.5.3 MLME-IE-NOTIFY.indication
265	8.2.6 Primitives for reading and writing PIB attributes 8.2.6.1 MLME-GET.request 8.2.6.2 MLME-GET.confirm
266	8.2.6.3 MLME-SET.request 8.2.6.4 MLME-SET.confirm
267	8.2.7 GTS management primitives 8.2.7.1 MLME-GTS.request
268	8.2.7.2 MLME-GTS.confirm
269	8.2.7.3 MLME-GTS.indication
270	8.2.8 Primitives for orphan notification 8.2.8.1 MLME-ORPHAN.indication
271	8.2.8.2 MLME-ORPHAN.response
272	8.2.9 Primitives for resetting the MAC sublayer 8.2.9.1 MLME-RESET.request 8.2.9.2 MLME-RESET.confirm
273	8.2.10 Primitives for specifying the receiver enable time 8.2.10.1 MLME-RX-ENABLE.request
274	8.2.10.2 MLME-RX-ENABLE.confirm
275	8.2.11 Primitives for channel scanning 8.2.11.1 MLME-SCAN.request
278	8.2.11.2 MLME-SCAN.confirm
280	8.2.12 Primitives for updating the superframe configuration 8.2.12.1 MLME-START.request
283	8.2.12.2 MLME-START.confirm
284	8.2.13 Primitives for synchronizing with a coordinator 8.2.13.1 MLME-SYNC.request
285	8.2.13.2 MLME-SYNC-LOSS.indication
287	8.2.14 Primitives for requesting data from a coordinator 8.2.14.1 MLME-POLL.request
288	8.2.14.2 MLME-POLL.confirm 8.2.15 Primitives for specifying dynamic preamble
289	8.2.15.1 MLME-DPS.request 8.2.15.2 MLME-DPS.confirm
290	8.2.15.3 MLME-DPS.indication 8.2.16 Primitives for channel sounding 8.2.16.1 MLME-SOUNDING.request 8.2.16.2 MLME-SOUNDING.confirm
291	8.2.17 Primitives for ranging calibration
292	8.2.17.1 MLME-CALIBRATE.request 8.2.17.2 MLME-CALIBRATE.confirm
293	8.2.18 Primitives for Beacon Generation 8.2.18.1 MLME-BEACON.request
295	8.2.18.2 MLME-BEACON.confirm
296	8.2.18.3 MLME-BEACON-REQUEST.indication
297	8.2.19 Primitives for TSCH 8.2.19.1 MLME-SET-SLOTFRAME.request
298	8.2.19.2 MLME-SET-SLOTFRAME.confirm 8.2.19.3 MLME-SET-LINK.request
300	8.2.19.4 MLME-SET-LINK.confirm
301	8.2.19.5 MLME-TSCH-MODE.request
302	8.2.19.6 MLME-TSCH-MODE.confirm 8.2.19.7 MLME-KEEP-ALIVE.request
303	8.2.19.8 MLME-KEEP-ALIVE.confirm 8.2.20 Primitives for DSME GTS management 8.2.20.1 MLME-DSME-GTS.request
306	8.2.20.2 MLME-DSME-GTS.indication
307	8.2.20.3 MLME-DSME-GTS.response
309	8.2.20.4 MLME-DSME-GTS.confirm
310	8.2.21 Primitives for reporting the link status 8.2.21.1 MLME-DSME-LINK-REPORT.request
311	8.2.21.2 MLME-DSME-LINK-REPORT.indication
312	8.2.21.3 MLME-DSME-LINK-REPORT.confirm 8.2.22 Operating parameter change primitives 8.2.22.1 MLME-PHY-OP-SWITCH.request
314	8.2.22.2 MLME-PHY-OP-SWITCH.indication
316	8.2.22.3 MLME-PHY-OP-SWITCH.confirm
317	8.2.23 TMCTP DBS allocation primitives 8.2.23.1 MLME-DBS.request
318	8.2.23.2 MLME-DBS.indication
319	8.2.23.3 MLME-DBS.response
320	8.2.23.4 MLME-DBS.confirm
321	8.2.24 Primitives for device announcement 8.2.24.1 MLME-DA.request primitive
322	8.2.24.2 MLME-DA.indication primitive 8.2.24.3 MLME-DA.confirm primitive
323	8.2.25 RIT data commands 8.2.25.1 MLME-RIT-REQ.indication
325	8.2.25.2 MLME-RIT-RES.request
326	8.2.25.3 MLME-RIT-RES.indication
328	8.2.25.4 MLME-RIT-RES.confirm
329	8.3 MAC data service 8.3.1 MCPS-DATA.request
333	8.3.2 MCPS-DATA.confirm
336	8.3.3 MCPS-DATA.indication
339	8.3.4 MCPS-PURGE.request 8.3.5 MCPS-PURGE.confirm
340	8.4 MAC constants and PIB attributes 8.4.1 MAC constants
341	8.4.2 MAC PIB attributes
346	8.4.2.1 General MAC PIB attributes for functional organization
349	8.4.2.2 TSCH-specific MAC PIB attributes 8.4.2.2.1 TSCH MAC PIB attributes for macSlotframeTable
350	8.4.2.2.2 TSCH MAC PIB attributes for macLinkTable
351	8.4.2.2.3 TSCH MAC PIB attributes for macTimeslotTemplate
352	8.4.2.3 MAC PIB attributes for hopping sequence
353	8.4.2.4 DSME specific MAC PIB attributes
356	8.4.2.5 LE specific MAC PIB attributes
358	8.4.2.6 MAC performance metrics specific MAC PIB attributes
359	8.4.2.7 Enhanced Beacon Request command specific MAC PIB attributes
360	8.4.2.8 Enhanced Beacon frame specific MAC PIB attributes
361	9. Security 9.1 Overview 9.2 Functional description 9.2.1 Outgoing frame security procedure
363	9.2.2 KeyDescriptor lookup procedure 9.2.3 Incoming frame security procedure, Security Enabled field is set to one
365	9.2.4 Incoming frame security procedure, Security Enabled field is set to zero
366	9.2.5 DeviceDescriptor lookup procedure
367	9.2.6 SecurityLevelDescriptor lookup procedure 9.2.7 Incoming IE security level checking procedure
368	9.2.8 Incoming IE key usage policy checking procedure 9.2.9 Incoming security level checking procedure 9.2.10 Incoming key usage policy checking procedure
369	9.3 Security operations 9.3.1 Integer and octet representation 9.3.2 CCM* nonce 9.3.2.1 CCM* nonce for non-TSCH mode 9.3.2.2 CCM* nonce for TSCH mode
370	9.3.2.3 CCM* nonce for Fragment frames 9.3.3 CCM* prerequisites
371	9.3.4 CCM* transformation data representation 9.3.4.1 Key and nonce data inputs 9.3.4.2 a data and m data 9.3.4.3 c data output
372	9.3.5 CCM* inverse transformation data representation 9.3.5.1 Key and nonce data inputs 9.3.5.2 c data and a data
373	9.3.5.3 m data output 9.4 Auxiliary security header 9.4.1 Security Control field 9.4.1.1 Security Level field
374	9.4.1.2 Key Identifier Mode field
375	9.4.1.3 Frame Counter Suppression field 9.4.1.4 ASN in Nonce 9.4.2 Frame Counter field
376	9.4.3 Key Identifier field 9.4.3.1 Key Source field 9.4.3.2 Key Index field 9.5 Security-related MAC PIB attributes
382	10. General PHY requirements 10.1 General requirements and definitions
383	10.1.1 Operating frequency range
388	10.1.2 Channel assignments 10.1.2.1 Channel numbering for 780 MHz band 10.1.2.2 Channel numbering for 868 MHz, 915 MHz, and 2450 MHz bands
389	10.1.2.3 Channel numbering for CSS PHY 10.1.2.4 Channel numbering for HRP UWB PHY
390	10.1.2.5 Channel numbering for MSK PHY 433 MHz band
391	10.1.2.6 Channel numbering for MSK PHY 2450 MHz band
393	10.1.2.7 Channel numbering for LRP UWB PHY 10.1.2.8 Channel numbering for SUN and TVWS PHYs
396	10.1.2.9 Channel numbering for 2380 MHz band 10.1.2.10 Channel numbering for LECIM PHYs
397	10.1.2.10.1 Channel numbering for LECIM DSSS PHY 10.1.2.10.2 Channel numbering for LECIM FSK PHY
398	10.1.2.11 Channel numbering for RCC PHYs
399	10.1.3 Minimum LIFS and SIFS periods
400	10.1.4 RF power measurement 10.1.5 Transmit power 10.1.6 Out-of-band spurious emission 10.1.7 Receiver sensitivity definitions
401	10.1.8 Common signaling mode (CSM) for SUN PHY 10.2 General radio specifications 10.2.1 TX-to-RX turnaround time 10.2.2 RX-to-TX turnaround time 10.2.3 Error-vector magnitude (EVM) definition
402	10.2.4 Receiver maximum input level of desired signal 10.2.5 Receiver ED
403	10.2.6 Link quality indicator (LQI) 10.2.7 Clear channel assessment (CCA)
405	11. PHY services 11.1 Overview 11.2 PHY constants 11.3 PHY PIB attributes
412	12. O-QPSK PHY 12.1 PPDU format 12.1.1 SHR field format 12.1.1.1 Preamble field 12.1.1.2 SFD field 12.1.2 PHR field format 12.1.2.1 Frame Length field 12.1.2.2 PHY Payload field
413	12.2 Modulation and spreading 12.2.1 Data rate 12.2.2 Reference modulator diagram 12.2.3 Bit-to-symbol mapping 12.2.4 Symbol-to-chip mapping
415	12.2.5 O-QPSK modulation 12.2.6 Pulse shape
416	12.2.7 Chip transmission order 12.3 O-QPSK PHY RF requirements 12.3.1 Operating frequency range
417	12.3.2 Transmit power spectral density (PSD) mask 12.3.3 Symbol rate 12.3.4 Receiver sensitivity 12.3.5 Receiver interference rejection
418	12.3.6 TX-to-RX turnaround time 12.3.7 RX-to-TX turnaround time 12.3.8 EVM 12.3.9 Transmit center frequency tolerance 12.3.10 Transmit power 12.3.11 Receiver maximum input level of desired signal 12.3.12 Receiver ED 12.3.13 LQI
419	13. Binary phase-shift keying (BPSK) PHY 13.1 PPDU format 13.2 Modulation and spreading 13.2.1 BPSK PHY data rates 13.2.2 Reference modulator 13.2.3 Differential encoding
420	13.2.4 Bit-to-chip mapping 13.2.5 BPSK modulation 13.2.5.1 Pulse shape 13.2.5.2 Chip transmission order 13.3 BPSK PHY RF requirements 13.3.1 Operating frequency range 13.3.2 915 MHz band transmit PSD mask
421	13.3.3 Symbol rate 13.3.4 Receiver sensitivity 13.3.5 Receiver interference rejection 13.3.6 TX-to-RX turnaround time 13.3.7 RX-to-TX turnaround time
422	13.3.8 EVM 13.3.9 Transmit center frequency tolerance 13.3.10 Transmit power 13.3.11 Receiver maximum input level of desired signal 13.3.12 Receiver ED 13.3.13 LQI
423	14. Amplitude shift keying (ASK) PHY 14.1 Status of ASK PHY 14.2 PPDU format 14.2.1 Preamble field for ASK PHY 14.2.2 SFD for ASK PHY 14.3 Modulation and spreading 14.3.1 ASK PHY data rates
424	14.3.2 Reference modulator 14.3.3 Bit-to-symbol mapping 14.3.4 Symbol-to-chip mapping
425	14.3.5 ASK modulation
427	14.3.6 Pulse shape 14.3.7 Chip transmission order 14.4 ASK PHY RF requirements 14.4.1 Operating frequency range 14.4.2 915 MHz band transmit PSD mask 14.4.3 Symbol rate
428	14.4.4 Receiver sensitivity 14.4.5 Receiver interference rejection 14.4.6 TX-to-RX turnaround time 14.4.7 RX-to-TX turnaround time 14.4.8 EVM 14.4.9 Transmit center frequency tolerance 14.4.10 Transmit power
429	14.4.11 Receiver maximum input level of desired signal 14.4.12 Receiver ED 14.4.13 LQI 14.4.14 Example of PSSS encoding
431	15. Chirp spread spectrum (CSS) PHY 15.1 CSS PPDU format 15.1.1 Preamble field 15.1.2 SFD field
432	15.1.3 PHR field 15.1.4 PHY Payload field 15.2 Modulation and spreading 15.2.1 Data rates 15.2.2 Reference modulator 15.2.3 De-multiplexer (DEMUX) 15.2.4 Serial-to-parallel mapping
433	15.2.5 Data-symbol-to-bi-orthogonal-codeword mapping
437	15.2.6 Parallel-to-serial converter and QPSK symbol mapping 15.2.7 DQPSK coding
438	15.2.8 DQPSK-to-DQCSK modulation 15.2.9 CSK generator 15.2.10 Bit interleaver
439	15.3 Waveform and subchirp sequences 15.3.1 Graphical presentation of chirp symbols (subchirp sequences) 15.3.2 Active usage of time gaps
440	15.3.3 Mathematical representation of the continuous time CSS base-band signal
442	15.3.4 Raised cosine window for chirp pulse shaping 15.3.5 Subchirp transmission order
443	15.3.6 Example of CSK signal generation
444	15.4 CSS RF requirements 15.4.1 Transmit power spectral density (PSD) mask and signal tolerance
445	15.4.2 Symbol rate 15.4.3 Receiver sensitivity 15.4.4 Receiver interference rejection 15.4.5 TX-to-RX turnaround time 15.4.6 RX-to-TX turnaround time 15.4.7 Transmit center frequency tolerance
446	15.4.8 Transmit power 15.4.9 Receiver maximum input level of desired signal 15.4.10 Receiver ED 15.4.11 LQI
447	16. HRP UWB PHY 16.1 General 16.2 HRP UWB PPDU format
448	16.2.1 PPDU encoding process
450	16.2.2 Symbol structure
451	16.2.3 PSDU timing parameters
453	16.2.4 Preamble timing parameters
455	16.2.5 SHR field 16.2.5.1 SYNC field
458	16.2.5.2 SFD field 16.2.6 PHR field
459	16.2.7 PHY Payload field
460	16.3 Modulation 16.3.1 Modulation mathematical framework 16.3.2 Spreading
462	16.3.3 FEC 16.3.3.1 Reed-Solomon encoding
463	16.3.3.2 Systematic convolutional encoding
464	16.4 RF requirements 16.4.1 Operating frequency bands
465	16.4.2 Channel assignments 16.4.3 Regulatory compliance 16.4.4 Operating temperature range 16.4.5 Baseband impulse response
467	16.4.6 Transmit PSD mask
468	16.4.7 Chip rate clock and chip carrier alignment 16.4.8 TX-to-RX turnaround time 16.4.9 RX-to-TX turnaround time 16.4.10 Transmit center frequency tolerance 16.4.11 Receiver maximum input level of desired signal 16.4.12 Receiver ED 16.4.13 LQI 16.4.14 CCA 16.5 HRP UWB PHY optional pulse shapes
469	16.5.1 HRP UWB PHY optional chirp on UWB (CoU) pulses
470	16.5.2 HRP UWB PHY optional continuous spectrum (CS) pulses
471	16.5.3 HRP UWB PHY linear combination of pulses (LCP)
472	16.6 Extended preamble for optional CCA mode 6
473	16.7 Ranging 16.7.1 Ranging counter 16.7.2 Crystal characterization 16.7.2.1 Ranging tracking offset 16.7.2.2 Ranging tracking interval
474	16.7.3 Ranging FoM
476	17. GFSK PHY 17.1 PPDU formats 17.2 Modulation 17.2.1 GFSK PHY data rates 17.2.2 Reference modulator diagram 17.2.3 Data whitening
477	17.2.4 GFSK modulation 17.3 GFSK PHY RF requirements 17.3.1 Operating frequency range 17.3.2 Transmit PSD mask
478	17.3.3 Symbol rate 17.3.4 Receiver sensitivity 17.3.5 Receiver interference rejection 17.3.6 TX-to-RX turnaround time 17.3.7 RX-to-TX turnaround time 17.3.8 Transmit center frequency tolerance 17.3.9 Transmit power 17.3.10 Receiver maximum input level of desired signal
479	17.3.11 Receiver ED 17.3.12 LQI
480	18. MSK PHY 18.1 PPDU formats 18.2 Data rate 18.3 SFD for the MSK PHY
481	18.4 MSK modulation 18.4.1 Reference modulator diagram 18.4.2 Data whitening 18.4.3 Bit-to-symbol mapping 18.4.4 Signal modulation
482	18.5 MSK PHY requirements 18.5.1 Operating frequency range 18.5.2 Transmit PSD mask 18.5.3 Symbol rate
483	18.5.4 Transmit center frequency tolerance 18.5.5 Transmit power 18.5.6 Receiver maximum input level of desired signal 18.5.7 Modulation frequency deviation tolerance 18.5.8 Zero crossing tolerance
484	19. LRP UWB PHY specification 19.1 Overview 19.2 LRP UWB PHY symbol structure 19.2.1 Base mode LRP UWB PHY symbol structure
485	19.2.1.1 Base mode LRP UWB PHY PSDU synchronization signal 19.2.2 Extended mode LRP UWB PHY symbol structure
486	19.2.2.1 Extended mode LRP UWB PHY PSDU synchronization signal
487	19.2.3 Long-range mode LRP UWB PHY symbol structure 19.2.3.1 Long-range mode LRP UWB PHY PSDU synchronization signal
488	19.3 LRP UWB SHR 19.3.1 LRP UWB SHR preamble 19.3.1.1 LRP UWB base mode SHR preamble 19.3.1.2 RP UWB extended mode SHR preamble 19.3.1.3 LRP UWB long-range mode SHR preamble 19.3.2 LRP UWB SHR SFD 19.4 LRP UWB PHR
489	19.4.1 Encoding Type field 19.4.2 Header Extension field
490	19.4.3 SECDED field 19.4.4 Frame Length field 19.4.5 LEIP Length field 19.4.6 LEIP Position field
491	19.5 LRP UWB PSDU 19.6 LRP UWB location enhancing information postamble 19.7 LRP UWB transmitter specification 19.7.1 Pulse shape
492	19.7.2 Pulse timing 19.7.3 Transmit PSD mask
493	19.8 LRP UWB receiver specification
494	20. SUN FSK PHY 20.1 Introduction 20.2 PPDU format for SUN FSK
495	20.2.1 SHR field format 20.2.1.1 Preamble field 20.2.1.2 SFD
496	20.2.2 PHR field format 20.2.3 Mode Switch PHR
498	20.2.4 PHY Payload field 20.3 Modulation and coding for SUN FSK
500	20.3.1 Reference modulator
501	20.3.2 Bit-to-symbol mapping
502	20.3.3 Modulation quality 20.3.3.1 Frequency deviation tolerance
503	20.3.3.2 Zero crossing tolerance 20.3.4 FEC
506	20.3.5 Code-symbol interleaving
507	20.4 Data whitening for SUN FSK 20.5 Mode switch mechanism for SUN FSK
510	20.6 SUN FSK PHY RF requirements 20.6.1 Operating frequency range 20.6.2 Regulatory compliance 20.6.3 Radio frequency tolerance
511	20.6.4 Channel switch time 20.6.5 Transmitter symbol rate 20.6.6 Transmit spectral mask 20.6.7 Receiver sensitivity
512	20.6.8 Receiver interference rejection 20.6.9 TX-to-RX turnaround time 20.6.10 RX-to-TX turnaround time 20.6.11 Transmit power 20.6.12 Receiver maximum input level of desired signal 20.6.13 Receiver ED 20.6.14 LQI
513	21. SUN OFDM PHY 21.1 Introduction 21.2 PPDU format for SUN OFDM 21.2.1 Short Training field (STF) 21.2.1.1 Frequency domain STF
516	21.2.1.2 Time domain STF generation 21.2.1.3 Time domain STF repetition
517	21.2.1.4 STF normalization 21.2.2 Long Training field (LTF) 21.2.2.1 Frequency domain LTF
520	21.2.2.2 Time domain LTF generation 21.2.2.3 LTF normalization 21.2.3 PHR
521	21.2.4 PSDU field 21.3 Data rates for SUN OFDM
522	21.4 Modulation and coding for SUN OFDM 21.4.1 Reference modulator diagram 21.4.2 Bit-to-symbol mapping
524	21.4.3 PIB attribute values for phySymbolsPerOctet 21.4.4 FEC
525	21.4.5 Interleaver
527	21.4.6 Frequency spreading 21.4.6.1 Frequency spreading by 2x 21.4.6.2 Frequency spreading by 4x
528	21.4.6.3 No spreading 21.4.7 Pilot tones/null tones
531	21.4.8 Cyclic prefix (CP) 21.4.9 PPDU Tail field 21.4.10 Pad field
532	21.4.11 Scrambler and scrambler seeds
533	21.5 SUN OFDM PHY RF requirements 21.5.1 Operating frequency range 21.5.2 Transmit power spectral density (PSD) mask 21.5.3 Receiver sensitivity 21.5.4 Adjacent channel rejection
534	21.5.5 Alternate channel rejection 21.5.6 TX-to-RX turnaround time 21.5.7 RX-to-TX turnaround time 21.5.8 EVM definition
536	21.5.9 Transmit center frequency and symbol tolerance 21.5.10 Transmit power 21.5.11 Receiver maximum input level of desired signal 21.5.12 Receiver ED 21.5.13 LQI
537	22. SUN O-QPSK PHY 22.1 Introduction 22.2 PPDU format for SUN O-QPSK 22.2.1 SHR field format 22.2.1.1 Preamble field format
538	22.2.1.2 SFD field format 22.2.2 PHR field format
539	22.2.3 PHY Payload field 22.3 Modulation and coding for SUN O-QPSK 22.3.1 Reference modulator
540	22.3.2 SHR coding and spreading
541	22.3.3 PHR coding and spreading 22.3.4 PSDU coding and spreading for DSSS
543	22.3.5 PSDU coding and spreading for MDSSS
544	22.3.6 FEC
546	22.3.7 Code-bit interleaving
547	22.3.8 Bit differential encoding (BDE)
548	22.3.9 DSSS bit-to-chip mapping
552	22.3.10 MDSSS bit-to-chip mapping
556	22.3.11 Chip whitening
557	22.3.12 Pilot insertion
558	22.3.13 Modulation parameters for O-QPSK
559	22.4 Support of legacy devices of the 780 MHz, 915 MHz, and 2450 MHz O-QPSK PHYs 22.5 SUN O-QPSK PHY RF requirements 22.5.1 Operating frequency range 22.5.2 Transmit power spectral density (PSD) mask
560	22.5.3 Receiver sensitivity 22.5.4 Adjacent channel rejection
561	22.5.5 TX-to-RX turnaround time 22.5.6 RX-to-TX turnaround time 22.5.7 EVM definition 22.5.8 Transmit center frequency and symbol tolerance
562	22.5.9 Transmit power 22.5.10 Receiver maximum input level of desired signal 22.5.11 Receiver ED 22.5.12 LQI 22.5.13 CCA
563	23. LECIM DSSS PHYs 23.1 PPDU format for DSSS 23.2 Modulation and spreading 23.2.1 Data rate
564	23.2.2 Reference modulator diagram 23.2.3 Convolutional FEC encoding
565	23.2.4 Interleaver 23.2.4.1 256-bit fragment size 23.2.4.2 384-bit fragment size
566	23.2.4.3 512-bit fragment size 23.2.5 Differential encoding
567	23.2.6 Bit-to-symbol and symbol-to-chip encoding 23.2.6.1 Gold code generator
568	23.2.6.2 Orthogonal variable spreading factor (OVSF) code generator
571	23.2.7 BPSK/O-QPSK modulation 23.2.7.1 BPSK modulation 23.2.7.2 O-QPSK modulation 23.3 PSDU fragmentation
572	23.3.1 Configuration 23.3.2 Fragmentation
573	23.3.3 Fragment packet 23.3.4 Calculating FICS field using MIC
574	23.3.5 Fragment acknowledgment and retransmission 23.3.6 Frak 23.3.6.1 Frak policy
575	23.3.6.2 Frak format
576	23.3.7 Reassembly 23.4 DSSS PHY RF requirements 23.4.1 Radio frequency tolerance 23.4.2 Channel switch time 23.4.3 Transmit spectral mask 23.4.4 Receiver sensitivity
577	23.4.5 Receiver interference rejection
578	23.4.6 TX-to-RX turnaround time 23.4.7 RX-to-TX turnaround time 23.4.8 Transmit power
579	24. LECIM FSK PHY specification 24.1 General 24.2 PPDU format for LECIM FSK PHY 24.2.1 SHR field format 24.2.1.1 Preamble field format 24.2.1.2 SFD field format 24.2.2 PHR field format
580	24.2.3 PHY Payload field 24.3 Modulation and coding for LECIM FSK PHY 24.3.1 Reference modulator
581	24.3.2 Bit-to-symbol mapping
582	24.3.3 Modulation quality 24.3.3.1 Frequency deviation tolerance 24.3.3.2 Zero crossing tolerance 24.3.4 FEC
583	24.3.5 Code-bit interleaving
584	24.3.6 Spreading
585	24.4 Data whitening for LECIM FSK PHY
586	24.5 LECIM FSK PHY RF requirements 24.5.1 Operating frequency range 24.5.2 Radio frequency tolerance 24.5.3 Channel switch time 24.5.4 Transmit spectral mask 24.5.5 Receiver sensitivity
587	24.5.6 TX-to-RX turnaround time 24.5.7 RX-to-TX turnaround time 24.5.8 Transmit power
588	25. TVWS-FSK PHY 25.1 PPDU format for TVWS-FSK 25.1.1 SHR field format 25.1.1.1 Preamble field format 25.1.1.2 SFD field format 25.1.2 PHR field format
589	25.1.3 PHY Payload field 25.2 Modulation and coding for TVWS-FSK
590	25.2.1 Reference modulator 25.2.2 FEC and interleaving 25.2.3 Data whitening 25.2.4 Spreading
591	25.2.5 Bit-to-symbol mapping 25.2.6 Modulation quality 25.2.7 Values for phySymbolsPerOctet
592	25.3 TVWS-FSK RF requirements 25.3.1 Operating frequency range 25.3.2 Clock frequency and timing accuracy 25.3.3 Channel switch time 25.3.4 Receiver sensitivity 25.3.5 TX-to-RX turnaround time 25.3.6 RX-to-TX turnaround time 25.3.7 Receiver maximum input level of desired signal 25.3.8 Receiver ED 25.3.9 LQI
593	26. TVWS-OFDM PHY 26.1 General 26.2 PPDU format for TVWS-OFDM 26.2.1 STF 26.2.1.1 Frequency domain STF
594	26.2.1.2 Time domain STF generation
595	26.2.1.3 Time domain STF repetition 26.2.1.4 STF power boosting 26.2.2 LTF 26.2.2.1 Frequency domain LTF
596	26.2.2.2 Time domain LTF generation
597	26.2.3 PHR field format 26.2.4 PSDU field
598	26.3 System parameters for TVWS-OFDM 26.4 Modulation and coding for TVWS-OFDM 26.4.1 Reference modulator
599	26.4.2 Bit-to-symbol mapping
600	26.4.3 FEC 26.4.4 Interleaver
602	26.4.5 Pilot tones/null tones
603	26.4.6 CP 26.4.7 PPDU Tail field 26.4.8 Pad field 26.4.9 Scrambler and scrambler seeds
604	26.5 TVWS-OFDM RF requirements 26.5.1 Operating frequency range 26.5.2 Pulse shaping 26.5.3 Transmit power spectral density (PSD) mask 26.5.4 Receiver sensitivity 26.5.5 TX-to-RX turnaround time 26.5.6 RX-to-TX turnaround time 26.5.7 EVM definition
606	26.5.8 Transmit center frequency and symbol tolerance
607	27. TVWS-NB-OFDM PHY 27.1 PPDU format for TVWS-NB-OFDM 27.1.1 Short Training field (STF) 27.1.1.1 Frequency domain STF
610	27.1.1.2 Time domain STF generation 27.1.1.3 Time domain STF repetition
611	27.1.1.4 STF normalization 27.1.2 Long training field (LTF) 27.1.2.1 Frequency domain LTF generation
614	27.1.2.2 Time domain LTF generation
615	27.1.2.3 Time domain LTF repetition 27.1.2.4 LTF normalization
616	27.1.3 PHR 27.1.4 PHY Payload field 27.2 System parameters for TVWS-NB-OFDM
617	27.3 Modulation and coding parameters for TVWS-NB-OFDM 27.3.1 Reference modulator
618	27.3.2 Scrambler and scrambler seed 27.3.3 Outer encoding
619	27.3.4 Inner encoding
621	27.3.5 Pad bit insertion 27.3.6 Spreader
622	27.3.7 Bit interleaving 27.3.8 Subcarrier mapping
624	27.3.9 Frequency interleaving
625	27.3.10 Pilot tones 27.3.11 Cyclic prefix 27.3.12 Pulse shaping
626	27.3.13 PIB attribute values for phySymbolsPerOctet 27.4 Channel aggregation for TVWS-NB-OFDM 27.5 TVWS-NB-OFDM RF requirements 27.5.1 Operating frequency range 27.5.2 Receiver sensitivity
627	27.5.3 TX-to-RX turnaround time 27.5.4 RX-to-TX turnaround time 27.5.5 EVM definition
628	27.5.6 Transmit center frequency and symbol tolerance
629	28. RCC LMR PHY 28.1 RCC PHY overview 28.2 PPDU format 28.2.1 SHR
630	28.2.2 PHR 28.2.3 PHY payload 28.2.4 Tail bits 28.3 FEC
631	28.4 Interleaver 28.5 Data whitening
632	28.6 Modulation 28.6.1 GMSK 28.6.2 4-FSK
633	28.6.3 QPSK
634	28.6.4 p/4 DQPSK 28.6.5 DSSS DPSK
636	28.7 Reference modulator 28.8 LMR PHY RF requirements 28.8.1 Transmitter symbol rate tolerance 28.8.2 Channel switching time 28.8.3 Error vector magnitude 28.8.4 Receiver sensitivity 28.8.5 Receiver interference rejection
637	28.8.6 Receiver maximum input level of desired signal 28.8.7 TX-to-RX turnaround time 28.8.8 RX-to-TX turnaround time 28.8.9 Receiver ED 28.8.10 LQI
638	29. RCC DSSS BPSK PHY 29.1 Overview 29.2 RCC DSSS BPSK PHY specification
639	Annex A (informative) Bibliography
641	Annex B (normative) CCM* mode of operation
647	Annex C (informative) Test vectors for cryptographic building blocks
660	Annex D (informative) Protocol implementation conformance statement (PICS) proforma
679	Annex E (informative) MPSK PHY
684	Annex F (normative) Time-slot relaying based link extension (TRLE)
709	Back cover