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IEEE 802.1D 2004

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IEEE Standard for Local and metropolitan area networks: Media Access Control (MAC) Bridges

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IEEE 2004 281
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Revision Standard – Active. IEEE Std 802.1D-2004, IEEE Standard for Local and Metropolitan Area Networks: Media Access Control (MAC) Bridges. The PDF of this standard is available at no charge compliments of the IEEE 802 Working group. Visit http://standards.ieee.org/about/get/index.html for details.

PDF Catalog

PDF Pages PDF Title
1 Cover page
3 Title page
5 Introduction
6 Participants
8 CONTENTS
13 1. Overview
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Scope
15 2. References
17 3. Definitions
3.1 Bridged Local Area Network
3.2 Expedited traffic
3.3 Group
3.4 IEEE 802 Local Area Network (LAN)
19 4. Abbreviations
21 5. Conformance
5.1 Required capabilities
5.2 Optional capabilities
22 5.3 Protocol Implementation Conformance Statement
5.4 Recommendations
5.5 MAC-specific bridging methods
23 6. Support of the MAC Service
6.1 Support of the MAC Service
24 6.2 Preservation of the MAC Service
6.3 Quality of Service maintenance
6.3.1 Service availability
25 6.3.2 Frame loss
6.3.3 Frame misordering
6.3.4 Frame duplication
26 6.3.5 Frame transit delay
6.3.6 Frame lifetime
6.3.7 Undetected frame error rate
6.3.8 Maximum Service Data Unit Size
27 6.3.9 Frame priority
6.3.10 Throughput
28 6.4 Internal Sublayer Service provided within the MAC Bridge
6.4.1 Service primitives
30 6.4.2 MAC status parameters
6.4.3 Point-to-Point MAC parameters
31 6.5 Support of the Internal Sublayer Service by specific MAC procedures
6.5.1 Support by IEEE Std 802.3 (CSMA/CD)
32 6.5.2 Support by IEEE Std 802.5 (token-passing ring)
33 6.5.3 Support by fibre distributed data interface (FDDI)
35 6.5.4 Support by IEEE Std 802.11 (Wireless LANs)
36 6.6 Filtering services in Bridged Local Area Networks
6.6.1 Purpose(s) of filtering service provision
6.6.1.1 Administrative control
6.6.1.2 Throughput and end station load
6.6.2 Goals of filtering service provision
6.6.3 Users of filtering services
37 6.6.4 Basis of service
6.6.5 Categories of service
6.6.6 Service configuration
38 6.6.7 Service definition for Extended Filtering Services
6.6.7.1 Dynamic registration and de-registration services
41 7. Principles of Bridge operation
7.1 Bridge operation
7.1.1 Relay
7.1.2 Filtering and relaying information
42 7.1.3 Bridge management
43 7.2 Bridge architecture
44 7.3 Model of operation
47 7.4 Port States and the active topology
7.5 Frame reception
48 7.5.1 Regenerating user priority
49 7.6 Frame transmission
7.7 The Forwarding Process
50 7.7.1 Active topology enforcement
51 7.7.2 Frame filtering
7.7.3 Queuing frames
52 7.7.4 Transmission selection
7.7.5 Priority mapping
53 7.7.6 FCS recalculation
7.8 The Learning Process
54 7.9 The Filtering Database
55 7.9.1 Static Filtering Entries
56 7.9.2 Dynamic Filtering Entries
57 7.9.3 Group Registration Entries
58 7.9.4 Default Group filtering behavior
59 7.9.5 Querying the Filtering Database
60 7.9.6 Permanent Database
61 7.10 Spanning Tree Protocol Entity and GARP Entities
7.11 Bridge management
7.12 Addressing
7.12.1 End stations
7.12.2 Bridge Ports
62 7.12.3 Spanning Tree Protocol Entities and GARP Entities
64 7.12.4 Bridge Management Entities
7.12.5 Unique identification of a bridge
7.12.6 Reserved addresses
65 7.12.7 Points of attachment and connectivity for Higher-Layer Entities
69 8. Spanning tree algorithm and protocol
71 9. Encoding of bridge protocol data units
9.1 Structure
9.1.1 Transmission and representation of octets
9.1.2 Components
9.2 Encoding of parameter types
9.2.1 Encoding of protocol identifiers
9.2.2 Encoding of protocol version identifiers
9.2.3 Encoding of BPDU types
9.2.4 Encoding of flags
9.2.5 Encoding of Bridge Identifiers
72 9.2.6 Encoding of Root Path Cost
9.2.7 Encoding of Port Identifiers
9.2.8 Encoding of Timer Values
73 9.2.9 Encoding of Port Role values
9.2.10 Encoding of Length Values
9.3 BPDU formats and parameters
9.3.1 Configuration BPDUs
74 9.3.2 Topology Change Notification BPDUs
75 9.3.3 Rapid Spanning Tree BPDUs (RST BPDUs)
9.3.4 Validation of received BPDUs
79 10. GARP Multicast Registration Protocol (GMRP)
10.1 Purpose
10.2 Model of operation
80 10.2.1 Propagation of Group Membership information
81 10.2.2 Propagation of Group service requirement information
10.2.3 Source pruning
10.2.4 Use of Group service requirement registration by end stations
82 10.3 Definition of the GMRP Application
10.3.1 Definition of GARP protocol elements
10.3.1.1 Use of GIP Contexts by GMRP
10.3.1.2 GMRP Application address
10.3.1.3 Encoding of GMRP Attribute Types
10.3.1.4 Encoding of GMRP Attribute Values
83 10.3.2 Provision and support of Extended Filtering Services
10.3.2.1 End system registration and de-registration
10.3.2.2 Registration and de-registration events
84 10.3.2.3 Administrative controls
10.4 Conformance to GMRP
10.4.1 Conformance to GMRP in MAC Bridges
85 10.4.2 Conformance to GMRP in end stations
87 11. Example “C” code implementation of GMRP
89 12. Generic Attribute Registration Protocol (GARP)
12.1 GARP overview
91 12.2 GARP architecture
92 12.2.1 GARP Applications
12.2.2 GID
93 12.2.2.1 Declarations
12.2.2.2 Registration
12.2.3 GIP
94 12.2.4 GARP Information Propagation Context
12.3 Requirements to be met by GARP
95 12.4 Requirements for interoperability between GARP Participants
12.5 Conformance to GARP Applications
96 12.6 Protocol Operation
12.6.1 Basic notions
12.6.2 GARP Messages
97 12.6.3 Applicant and Registrar
98 12.6.4 Registrar behavior
12.6.5 Applicant behavior
12.6.5.1 Anxious Applicants
99 12.6.5.2 Members and Observers
12.6.5.3 Active and Passive Members
12.6.5.4 Receiving a Leave
100 12.6.5.5 Leaving
12.6.5.6 Applicant State Summary
12.6.6 The Leave All protocol component
12.6.7 Applicant-Only Participants
101 12.6.8 Simple-Applicant Participants
12.6.9 Choice of Applicant-Only Participant or Simple-Applicant Participant
12.6.10 Use of GARP in point-to-point LANs
102 12.7 State machine descriptions
103 12.7.1 Applicant state machine
104 12.7.2 Registrar state machine
12.7.3 Leave All state machine
12.7.4 Combined Applicant and Registrar state machine
105 12.7.5 Applicant Only GARP Participant
107 12.7.6 Simple-Applicant Participant
12.8 Administrative controls
12.8.1 Registrar Administrative Control values
108 12.8.2 Applicant Administrative Control values
12.9 Procedures
109 12.9.1 Discarding badly formed GARP PDUs
12.9.2 Protocol parameters and timers
12.9.2.1 jointimer
12.9.2.2 leavetimer
12.9.2.3 leavealltimer
12.9.3 Protocol event definitions
12.9.3.1 Initialize
12.9.3.2 ReqJoin
12.9.3.3 ReqLeave
110 12.9.3.4 rJoinIn
12.9.3.5 rJoinEmpty
12.9.3.6 rEmpty
12.9.3.7 rLeaveIn
111 12.9.3.8 rLeaveEmpty
12.9.3.9 LeaveAll
12.9.3.10 leavetimer!
12.9.3.11 leavealltimer!
12.9.3.12 transmitPDU!
112 12.9.4 Action definitions
12.9.4.1 -x-
12.9.4.2 sJ[E, I], sJ[I]
12.9.4.3 sE
12.9.4.4 sLE
113 12.9.4.5 sLeaveAll
12.9.4.6 Start leavetimer
12.9.4.7 Stop leavetimer
12.9.4.8 Start leavealltimer
12.9.4.9 IndJoin
12.9.4.10 IndLeave
12.9.4.11 Failure to register
12.10 Structure and encoding of GARP Protocol Data Units
114 12.10.1 Structure
12.10.1.1 Transmission and representation of octets
12.10.1.2 Structure definition
115 12.10.2 Encoding of GARP PDU parameters
12.10.2.1 Encoding of Protocol Identifier
12.10.2.2 Encoding of Attribute Type
116 12.10.2.3 Encoding of Attribute Length
12.10.2.4 Encoding of Attribute Event
12.10.2.5 Encoding of LeaveAll Event
12.10.2.6 Encoding of Attribute Value
12.10.2.7 Encoding of End Mark
117 12.10.3 Packing and parsing GARP PDUs
12.10.3.1 Packing
12.10.3.2 Parsing
12.10.3.3 Discarding unrecognized information
118 12.11 Timer values, granularity and relationships
12.11.1 Timer values
12.11.2 Timer resolution
12.11.3 Timing relationships
12.12 Interoperability considerations
121 13. Example “C” code implementation of GARP
123 14. Bridge management
14.1 Management functions
14.1.1 Configuration Management
14.1.2 Fault Management
14.1.3 Performance Management
124 14.1.4 Security Management
14.1.5 Accounting Management
14.2 Managed objects
14.3 Data types
125 14.4 Bridge Management Entity
14.4.1 Bridge Configuration
14.4.1.1 Discover Bridge
126 14.4.1.2 Read Bridge
14.4.1.3 Set Bridge Name
14.4.1.4 Reset Bridge
127 14.4.2 Port Configuration
14.4.2.1 Read Port
14.4.2.2 Set port name
128 14.5 MAC Entities
14.6 Forwarding Process
14.6.1 The Port Counters
14.6.1.1 Read Forwarding Port Counters
129 14.6.2 Priority Handling
14.6.2.1 Read Port Default User Priority
14.6.2.2 Set Port Default User Priority
14.6.2.3 Read Port User Priority Regeneration Table
130 14.6.2.4 Set Port User Priority Regeneration Table
14.6.3 Traffic Class Table
14.6.3.1 Read Port Traffic Class Table
14.6.3.2 Set Port Traffic Class Table
131 14.6.3.3 Read Outbound Access Priority Table
14.7 Filtering Database
14.7.1 The Filtering Database
132 14.7.1.1 Read Filtering Database
14.7.1.2 Set Filtering Database ageing time
14.7.2 A Static Filtering Entry
14.7.3 A Dynamic Filtering Entry
133 14.7.4 A Group Registration Entry
14.7.5 Permanent Database
14.7.5.1 Read Permanent Database
14.7.6 General Filtering Database operations
14.7.6.1 Create Filtering Entry
134 14.7.6.2 Delete Filtering Entry
14.7.6.3 Read filtering entry
135 14.7.6.4 Read Filtering Entry range
14.8 Spanning Tree Protocol Entity
136 14.8.1 The Protocol Entity
14.8.1.1 Read Spanning Tree Protocol parameters
14.8.1.2 Set Spanning Tree Protocol parameters
137 14.8.2 Bridge Port
14.8.2.1 Read Port Parameters
138 14.8.2.2 Force port state
14.8.2.3 Set Port Parameters
139 14.8.2.4 Force BPDU Migration Check
14.9 GARP Entities
14.9.1 The GARP Timers object
14.9.1.1 Read GARP Timers
140 14.9.1.2 Set GARP Timers
14.9.2 The GARP Attribute Type object
14.9.2.1 Read GARP Applicant controls
14.9.2.2 Set GARP Applicant controls
141 14.9.3 The GARP State Machine object
14.9.3.1 Read GARP State
14.10 GMRP entities
14.10.1 GMRP Configuration managed object
142 14.10.1.1 Read GMRP Configuration
14.10.1.2 Notify Group registration failure
14.10.1.3 Configure Restricted_Group_Registration parameters
145 15. Management protocol
147 16. Bridge performance
16.1 Guaranteed Port Filtering Rate
16.2 Guaranteed Bridge Relaying Rate
149 17. Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol (RSTP)
17.1 Protocol design requirements
150 17.2 Protocol support requirements
17.3 RSTP overview
151 17.3.1 Computation of the active topology
152 17.3.2 Example topologies
155 17.4 STP compatibility
17.5 Spanning tree priority vectors
17.6 Priority vector calculations
157 17.7 Port Role assignments
17.8 Communicating spanning tree information
17.9 Changing spanning tree information
158 17.10 Changing Port States
160 17.11 Updating learned station location information
163 17.12 RSTP and point-to-point links
17.13 RSTP performance parameters
164 17.13.1 Admin Edge Port
17.13.2 Ageing Time
17.13.3 AutoEdge
17.13.4 Force Protocol Version
17.13.5 Bridge Forward Delay
17.13.6 Bridge Hello Time
17.13.7 Bridge Identifier Priority
17.13.8 Bridge Max Age
17.13.9 Migrate Time
17.13.10 Port Identifier Priority
17.13.11 PortPathCost
165 17.13.12 Transmit Hold Count
17.14 Performance parameter management
167 17.15 Rapid Spanning Tree state machines
17.16 Notational conventions used in state diagrams
169 17.17 State machine timers
170 17.17.1 edgeDelayWhile
17.17.2 fdWhile
17.17.3 helloWhen
17.17.4 mdelayWhile
17.17.5 rbWhile
17.17.6 rcvdInfoWhile
17.17.7 rrWhile
17.17.8 tcWhile
17.18 Per-Bridge variables
17.18.1 BEGIN
171 17.18.2 BridgeIdentifier
17.18.3 BridgePriority
17.18.4 BridgeTimes
17.18.5 rootPortId
17.18.6 rootPriority
17.18.7 rootTimes
17.19 Per-Port variables
17.19.1 ageingTime
17.19.2 agree
17.19.3 agreed
172 17.19.4 designatedPriority
17.19.5 designatedTimes
17.19.6 disputed
17.19.7 fdbFlush
17.19.8 forward
17.19.9 forwarding
17.19.10 infoIs
17.19.11 learn
17.19.12 learning
173 17.19.13 mcheck
17.19.14 msgPriority
17.19.15 msgTimes
17.19.16 newInfo
17.19.17 operEdge
17.19.18 portEnabled
17.19.19 portId
17.19.20 PortPathCost
17.19.21 portPriority
17.19.22 portTimes
174 17.19.23 proposed
17.19.24 proposing
17.19.25 rcvdBPDU
17.19.26 rcvdInfo
17.19.27 rcvdMsg
17.19.28 rcvdRSTP
17.19.29 rcvdSTP
17.19.30 rcvdTc
17.19.31 rcvdTcAck
17.19.32 rcvdTcn
17.19.33 reRoot
17.19.34 reselect
17.19.35 role
175 17.19.36 selected
17.19.37 selectedRole
17.19.38 sendRSTP
17.19.39 sync
17.19.40 synced
17.19.41 tcAck
17.19.42 tcProp
17.19.43 tick
17.19.44 txCount
17.19.45 updtInfo
176 17.20 State machine conditions and parameters
17.20.1 AdminEdge
17.20.2 AutoEdge
17.20.3 allSynced
17.20.4 EdgeDelay
17.20.5 forwardDelay
17.20.6 FwdDelay
17.20.7 HelloTime
17.20.8 MaxAge
17.20.9 MigrateTime
17.20.10 reRooted
17.20.11 rstpVersion
177 17.20.12 stpVersion
17.20.13 TxHoldCount
17.21 State machine procedures
17.21.1 betterorsameinfo(newInfoIs)
17.21.2 clearReselectTree()
17.21.3 disableForwarding()
17.21.4 disableLearning()
17.21.5 enableForwarding()
178 17.21.6 enableLearning()
17.21.7 newTcWhile()
17.21.8 rcvInfo()
17.21.9 recordAgreement()
179 17.21.10 recordDispute()
17.21.11 recordProposal()
17.21.12 recordPriority()
17.21.13 recordTimes()
17.21.14 setSyncTree()
17.21.15 setReRootTree()
17.21.16 setSelectedTree()
17.21.17 setTcFlags()
17.21.18 setTcPropTree()
17.21.19 txConfig()
180 17.21.20 txRstp()
17.21.21 txTcn()
17.21.22 updtBPDUVersion()
17.21.23 updtRcvdInfoWhile()
17.21.24 updtRoleDisabledTree()
181 17.21.25 updtRolesTree()
182 17.22 Port Timers state machine
17.23 Port Receive state machine
183 17.24 Port Protocol Migration state machine
17.25 Bridge Detection state machine
184 17.26 Port Transmit state machine
185 17.27 Port Information state machine
186 17.28 Port Role Selection state machine
17.29 Port Role Transitions state machine
187 17.29.1 Disabled Port states
17.29.2 Root Port states
188 17.29.3 Designated Port states
189 17.29.4 Alternate and Backup Port states
17.30 Port State Transition state machine
190 17.31 Topology Change state machine
191 17.32 RSTP performance requirements
193 18. Bridge Detection state machine
195 Annex A—PICS Proforma
A.1 Introduction
A.2 Abbreviations and special symbols
A.2.1 Status symbols
A.2.2 General abbreviations
196 A.3 Instructions for completing the PICS proforma
A.3.1 General structure of the PICS proforma
A.3.2 Additional information
A.3.3 Exception information
197 A.3.4 Conditional status
A.3.4.1 Conditional items
A.3.4.2 Predicates
198 A.4 PICS proforma for IEEE Std 802.1D
A.4.1 Implementation identification
A.4.2 Protocol summary, IEEE Std 802.1D
199 A.5 Major Capabilities
200 A.6 Media Access Control Methods
201 A.7 Relay and filtering of frames
202 A.8 Basic Filtering Services
203 A.9 Addressing
204 A.10 Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol
205 A.11 BPDU Encoding
A.12 Implementation Parameters
206 A.13 Performance
207 A.14 Bridge management
208 A.15 Remote Management
A.16 Expedited Traffic Classes
A.17 Extended Filtering Services
209 A.18 GMRP
210 A.19 GARP
211 Annex B—Calculating spanning tree parameters
213 Annex C—Source-routing transparent bridge operation
C.1 Overview
C.1.1 Scope
214 C.1.2 Definitions
C.1.2.1 ARE Rd limit
C.1.2.2 Explorer frame
C.1.2.3 LAN-in ID (LIN)
C.1.2.4 LAN-out ID (LOUT)
C.1.2.5 parallel bridges
C.1.2.6 route
C.1.2.7 route control
C.1.2.8 route descriptor
C.1.2.9 route discovery
C.1.2.10 routing information
C.1.2.11 source routing
215 C.1.2.12 spanning tree
C.1.2.13 STE Rd Limit
C.1.2.14 Transparent Bridging
C.1.2.15 Abbreviations
C.1.3 Conformance
216 C.1.3.1 Static conformance requirements
C.1.3.2 Dynamic conformance requirements
C.2 Support of the MAC Service
C.2.1 Support of the MAC Service
C.2.2 Preservation of the MAC Service
C.2.3 Quality of service maintenance
C.2.3.1 Frame misordering
217 C.2.3.2 Frame duplication
C.2.3.3 Undetected frame error rate
C.2.3.4 Maximum service data unit size supported
C.2.4 Internal sublayer service
218 C.2.4.1 Interactions
C.2.4.2 Detailed service specification
219 C.2.5 Support of the internal sublayer service
C.2.5.1 Support of token ring
220 C.2.5.2 Support of FDDI
C.3 Principles of operation
C.3.1 Source-routing bridge operation
C.3.1.1 Relay of data frames
C.3.1.2 Dissemination of routing information
221 C.3.1.3 Bridge management
C.3.2 Bridge architecture
222 C.3.3 Bridge operation
C.3.3.1 Source-routing function overview
C.3.3.2 Source-routing information field
226 C.3.3.3 Source-routing frame types
227 C.3.3.4 Bridge processing of source-routed frames
C.3.4 Port state information
C.3.5 Frame reception
C.3.6 Frame transmission
C.3.7 Frame forwarding
228 C.3.7.1 Specifically routed data frames (RT=0XX)
C.3.7.2 All Routes Explorer frames (RT=10X)
231 C.3.7.3 Spanning Tree Explorer (STE) frames
233 C.3.7.4 Duplicate Bridge number test
C.3.7.5 Queued frames
234 C.3.7.6 Selecting frames for transmission
C.3.7.7 Priority mapping
C.3.8 Addressing
C.3.8.1 LAN ID
C.3.8.2 Bridge number
C.3.8.3 Route descriptor
235 C.4 Bridge management
C.4.1 Bridge management entity
C.4.1.1 Bridge configuration
236 C.4.2 Forwarding process
C.4.2.1 The port counters
C.4.3 SRT Bridge management entity
C.4.3.1 SRT Bridge configuration
237 C.4.3.2 SRT Port configuration
238 C.4.4 SRT Bridge port pair database
239 C.4.4.1 SRT bridge port pair configuration
C.5 Management protocol
241 Annex D—PICS Proforma for source-routing transparent bridge operation
D.1 Introduction
D.2 Relay and filtering of frames
242 D.3 Bridge numbers and LAN IDs
D.4 Bridge management
243 Annex E—Allocation of Object Identifier values
245 Annex F—Preserving the integrity of FCS fields in MAC Bridges
F.1 Background
F.2 Basic mathematical ideas behind CRC and FCS
247 F.3 Detection Lossless Circuit approach
248 F.4 Algorithmic modification of an FCS
F.4.1 Data changed, length unchanged
249 F.4.2 Length changed, original data unchanged
250 F.4.3 Preservation of detectability
251 F.5 Conclusions
253 Annex G—User priorities and traffic classes
G.1 Traffic types
G.2 What are we managing?
254 G.3 Traffic type to traffic class mapping
256 G.3.1 Traffic types and user priority values
257 Annex H—Generic Attribute Registration Protocol Design
H.1 Use of an unconfirmed protocol
H.2 Design of the Applicant state machine
258 H.3 Design of the Registrar state machine
H.4 Analysis of GARP State Machine Operation
259 H.4.1 Initial Join Scenarios
261 H.4.2 Last to Leave Scenarios
263 H.4.3 Leave/Rejoin Scenarios-Single Member
266 H.4.4 Backbone LAN Initial Join Scenarios
269 H.4.5 Shared media LAN scenarios
273 Annex I—Introduction of GARP, GMRP, and Extended Filtering Services
I.1 Migration considerations
I.1.1 Heterogeneous Bridge environments
I.1.2 Heterogeneous end station environments
I.1.2.1 Use of Basic Filtering Mode and legacy bridges
274 I.1.2.2 Use of Forward All Groups
I.1.2.3 Use of Forward Unregistered Groups
I.1.2.4 Use of Filter Unregistered Groups
275 I.1.2.5 Use of a common set of addresses
I.2 Interoperability with higher-layer multicast protocols and related issues
I.2.1 IP multicast
276 I.2.2 Monitoring multicast traffic
277 Annex J—RSTP Migration
J.1 Overview of protocol changes
J.2 BPDU formats
279 Annex K—Frame duplication and misordering
K.1 Background
K.2 Frame duplication
280 K.3 Frame misordering
281 K.4 Other considerations
IEEE 802.1D 2004
$58.50