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IEEE 844.1/CSA C22.2 No.293.1-2017

IEEE 844.1/CSA C22.2 No.293.1-2017

$59.58

IEEE/CSA Standard for Skin Effect Trace Heating of Pipelines, Vessels, Equipment, and Structures – General, Testing, Marking, and Documentation Requirements

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IEEE 2017
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New IEEE Standard – Active. General requirements, testing, markings, and documentation for skin effect trace heating systems for pipelines, vessels, equipment, and structures intended for use in general industrial applications are provided in this standard. This standard provides requirements when utilizing skin effect trace heating systems in ordinary as well as hazardous areas that have potentially explosive atmospheres.

PDF Catalog

PDF Pages PDF Title
1 IEEE Std 844.1-2017/CSA C22.2 No. 293.1-17 Front Cover
2 Title page
4 Important Notices and Disclaimers Concerning IEEE Standards Documents
7 CSA Group Legal Notice for Standards
8 CSA Group Standards Update Servie
9 IEEE Participants
10 CSA Group Participants
13 IEEE Introduction
14 CSA Preface
15 Contents
16 1. Overview
1.1 General
1.2 Scope
17 1.3 Purpose
1.4 Typical applications
1.4.1 General
1.4.2 Solidification prevention
1.4.3 Viscosity maintenance
1.4.4 Process heating
18 1.4.5 Condensation prevention
1.4.6 Re-melting solidified fluids
1.4.7 Structure heating
1.4.8 Terminology
2. Normative references
19 3. Definitions
22 4. General requirements
4.1 Principle of operation
23 4.2 System
4.2.1 General
4.2.2 Skin effect insulated conductor
4.2.2.1 Test requirements
24 4.2.2.2 Material requirements
4.2.2.3 Factory and field insulated splices, connections, and terminations
4.3 Electrical circuit protection
4.4 Temperature requirements
4.4.1 General
4.4.2 Potentially explosive atmospheres
4.4.2.1 General
25 4.4.2.2 Stabilized design
4.4.2.3 Controlled design
4.4.2.3.1 General
26 4.4.2.3.2 Requirements for temperature control devices for equipment protection levels Gb and Db (traditional relationship to Zone 1 and Zone 21 respectively)
27 4.4.2.3.3 Requirements for temperature control devices for equipment protection levels Gc and Dc (traditional relationship to Zone 2 and Zone 22 respectively)
4.5 Grounding
4.6 Power transformers
4.7 Additional general requirements for Canada
5. Testing requirements
5.1 General
28 5.2 Type tests
5.2.1 General
5.2.2 Dielectric test
5.2.3 Insulation resistance test
5.2.4 Thermal characteristics of skin effect insulated conductor
5.2.4.1 Retention of flexibility and electrical properties after thermal aging
29 5.2.4.2 Retention of tensile and elongation properties after thermal aging
5.2.5 Cold bend test
30 5.2.6 Abrasion resistance test
5.2.6.1 General
5.2.6.2 Apparatus
31 5.2.6.3 Procedure
5.2.6.4 Calculation of weight and number of cycles
32 5.2.6.5 Proof test
5.2.7 Connections, splices, and termination tests
5.2.7.1 Splice resistance to moisture test
33 5.2.7.2 Connection (Integrity)
5.2.7.2.1 General
5.2.7.2.2 Firm attachment
35 5.2.7.2.3 Current cycling
5.2.7.2.4 Heating
36 5.2.7.2.5 Pullout
5.2.7.3 Insulated splice impact tests
5.2.7.3.1 General
5.2.7.3.2 Room temperature impact test
37 5.2.7.3.3 Minimum temperature impact test
39 5.2.8 Heat distortion test
40 5.2.9 Voltage rating tests
5.2.9.1 General
5.2.9.2 Voltage rating test
41 5.2.9.3 Optional U-bend test
43 5.2.10 Skin effect power, end termination, splice, and pull box type test
44 5.2.11 Conductor resistance test
5.2.12 Power output and system impedance verification
5.2.12.1 General
5.2.12.2 Apparatus
45 5.2.12.3 Stagnation method
46 5.2.12.4 Flow method
5.2.13 Verification of sheath temperatures
47 5.3 Routine testing
5.3.1 General
5.3.2 Resistance test
5.3.3 Dielectric tests
5.3.3.1 General
5.3.3.2 Dielectric spark test
5.3.3.3 AC dielectric test
48 5.3.3.4 DC dielectric test
5.3.4 Gels, agglomerates, contaminants, and voids test (for a skin effect insulated conductor rated 2001 Vac or higher)
49 6. Marking requirements
6.1 Packaging
50 6.2 Skin effect insulated conductor
51 6.3 Power connection box and end termination box
6.3.1 General
53 6.3.2 Additional marking requirements for power connection box and optional transition box
7. Documentation
56 Annex A (informative) Bibliography
58 Annex B (normative) Requirements for Class I, II, and III Division 2 hazardous (classified) areas
B.1 Application
B.2 General
B.3 Control and temperature requirements
B.3.1 General
B.3.2 Stabilized design
59 B.3.3 Controlled design
B.4 Requirements for protective device in Division 2
B.5 Type tests
B.5.1 Division 2 equipment
B.5.2 Verification of sheath temperatures
B.6 Marking
60 B.7 Instructions
62 Annex C (normative) Skin effect trace heating system requirements for Class I, Zone 1; Class I, Zone 2; Zone 1; Zone 2; Zone 21; and Zone 22
67 Annex D (normative) Skin effect trace heater design verification methodology
D.1 General
D.2 Design methodology and selection of trace heaters
D.3 Stabilized design calculations
68 D.4 Skin effect trace heater performance and equilibrium conditions
70 D.5 Heat loss calculations
71 D.6 Heat-loss design safety factor
D.7 Maximum temperature determination
D.7.1 General
72 D.7.2 Theoretical pipe and sheath temperature calculations
73 D.7.3 Theoretical vessel and sheath temperature calculations—Metallic applications
74 D.7.4 Sheath temperature—Metallic applications using a temperature limiter control sensing the trace heater ferromagnetic envelope or the heated workpiece

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