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IEEE C37.117 2007

IEEE C37.117 2007

$44.96

IEEE Guide for the Application of Protective Relays Used for Abnormal Frequency Load Shedding and Restoration

Published By Publication Date Number of Pages
IEEE 2007 53
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New IEEE Standard – Active. Information on the application of underfrequency load shedding and restoration to ac power systems is compiled in this guide. Various system conditions that may require the use of underfrequency load shedding, and the application of protective relays to various methods of performing underfrequency load shedding are described in this guide. Some practical examples of underfrequency load shedding applications are also provided

PDF Catalog

PDF Pages PDF Title
1 IEEE Guide for the Application of Protective Relays Used for Abnormal Frequency Load Shedding and Restoration
6 Introduction
Notice to users
Errata
Interpretations
Patents
7 Participants
9 CONTENTS
11 1. Overview
1.1 Scope
1.2 Purpose
2. Normative references
12 3. Description of system conditions addressed in this guide
13 4. Normal and abnormal frequency operation of electrical power systems and its effect on equipment in the system
4.1 Power system dynamic
14 4.2 Abnormal frequency operation of power systems
16 5. Underfrequency load shedding and restoration philosophy
18 6. Underfrequency load shedding methods
6.1 Manual/SCADA load shedding
6.2 Automatic load shedding
19 6.3 Local
21 6.4 Wide area underfrequency load shedding
22 7. Load restoration methods
23 8. Frequency relays, measuring principles, and characteristics
8.1 Electromechanical relays
8.2 Solid-state (static) relays
24 8.3 Microprocessor (digital) relays
9. Operating principles
9.1 Fixed frequency
25 9.2 Rate of change of frequency df/dt
28 9.3 Average rate of change Δf/Δt
29 10. Scheme design
10.1 Dependability and security
10.2 Redundant frequency relays sensing multiple voltage sources
10.3 Current and voltage supervision
32 10.4 Directional power supervision
10.5 Rate-of-frequency-change supervision
33 11. Effects of voltage change on frequency load shedding
34 12. Existing frequency load shedding and restoration practices
12.1 NERC: 2003 underfrequency load shed criteria
36 12.2 Nordel underfrequency load shed criteria
12.3 France, Electricite de France underfrequency load shedding
37 12.4 Ireland, Electricity Supply Board underfrequency load shedding and automatic frequency restoration
38 12.5 Industrial applications
39 13. Setting and performance criteria
13.1 Performance criteria
40 13.2 Setting guidelines for abnormal frequency load shedding
41 14. Maintenance, testing, and reliability
42 14.1 Frequency protection elements
14.2 Rate-of-change elements
43 14.3 Average rate-of-change elements
44 14.4 Testing of load shedding schemes
14.5 Testing of load restoration schemes
15. Examples
15.1 Practical application of load shedding
46 15.2 Historical examples of underfrequency load shedding during system disturbances
50 Annex A (informative) Bibliography

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IEEE C37.117 2007
$44.96