IEEE C37.236-2013
$60.83
IEEE Guide for Power System Protective Relay Applications Over Digital Communication Channels
| Published By | Publication Date | Number of Pages |
| IEEE | 2013 | 84 |
New IEEE Standard – Active. Guidance for the power system user in applying, installing and operating digital communication channels for the purpose of protective relaying is provided in this guide.
PDF Catalog
| PDF Pages | PDF Title |
|---|---|
| 1 | IEEE Std C37.236-2013 front cover |
| 3 | Title page |
| 6 | Notice to users Laws and regulations Copyrights Updating of IEEE documents Errata Patents |
| 8 | Participants |
| 10 | Introduction |
| 11 | Contents |
| 13 | IMPORTANT NOTICE 1. Overview 1.1 Scope 1.2 Purpose |
| 14 | 2. Definitions and acronyms 2.1 Definitions |
| 16 | 2.2 Acronyms and abbreviations |
| 18 | 3. Types of digital teleprotection equipment 3.1 Standalone teleprotection systems |
| 19 | 3.2 Teleprotection integrated with relay devices 3.3 Teleprotection integrated with multiplexed communication devices |
| 20 | 4. Communications infrastructure 4.1 Noise |
| 21 | 4.1.1 Power system coupled noise |
| 22 | 4.1.2 Noise generated by the communication systems |
| 23 | 4.2 Connections 4.2.1 Digital electrical interfaces |
| 34 | 4.2.2 Audio to digital interfaces 4.2.3 Fiber optic interfaces |
| 36 | 4.2.4 Connection issues 4.3 Signal attenuation |
| 37 | 4.4 Radio frequency interference |
| 38 | 4.5 Connections to non-substation hardened equipment 4.6 Environmental standards |
| 39 | 5. Security dependability, and speed 5.1 Security 5.2 Dependability |
| 40 | 5.3 Speed 6. Digital communications transport technology 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Fiber optics |
| 41 | 6.2.1 Fiber optic types and considerations |
| 45 | 6.2.2 Dedicated point to point (dark) fiber |
| 46 | 6.2.3 IEEE C37.94 fiber optic channel interface |
| 47 | 6.2.4 Electrical to fiber converters |
| 48 | 6.3 Digital microwave 6.3.1 Microwave considerations |
| 49 | 6.3.2 Microwave losses |
| 50 | 6.3.3 Digital microwave topologies |
| 51 | 6.3.4 Digital microwave channel performance 6.4 Spread spectrum radio communication 6.4.1 Frequency-hopping spread spectrum technology 6.4.2 Direct-sequence spread spectrum technology |
| 52 | 6.4.3 Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing technology 6.4.4 Path engineering considerations 6.4.5 Path issues 6.4.6 Requirements on relays 6.4.7 Requirements on teleprotection |
| 53 | 6.4.8 Requirements on communication 6.4.9 Radio protocols 6.4.10 Speed |
| 54 | 6.4.11 Interference characteristics and mitigation techniques 6.5 Multiplexers |
| 55 | 6.5.1 Digital telephone hierarchy (T1) 6.5.2 SONET hierarchy 6.5.3 Communications configurations |
| 58 | 6.5.4 Digital channel characteristics |
| 59 | 6.5.5 Switching networks |
| 61 | 6.5.6 Interfaces |
| 63 | 6.6 Digital phone line |
| 64 | 6.7 Ethernet 6.7.1 Use of IEC 61850 for the communication between substations |
| 66 | 6.8 Audio communications over digital networks 6.8.1 Effects of digital noise on audio teleprotection |
| 67 | 6.8.2 How to improve analog performance |
| 70 | 6.9 Satellite 7. Power schemes 7.1 Current differential scheme |
| 71 | 7.2 AC pilot-wire relays |
| 72 | 7.3 Phase comparison schemes 7.3.1 Single-phase comparison |
| 73 | 7.3.2 Dual phase comparison 7.3.3 Segregated phase comparison 7.4 Directional comparison schemes 7.4.1 Direct under-reaching transfer trip |
| 74 | 7.4.2 Permissive under-reaching transfer trip |
| 75 | 7.4.3 Permissive over-reaching transfer trip 7.4.4 Directional comparison block |
| 76 | 7.4.5 Directional comparison unblocking 7.4.6 Directional comparison hybrid (unblocking scheme with echo logic) |
| 77 | 8. Planning 8.1 Digital communication schemes |
| 78 | 8.2 Interoperability 8.2.1 Manufacturers |
| 79 | 8.2.2 Protocols 8.2.3 Communication technologies 8.3 Redundancy and diversity |
| 80 | 9. Testing and troubleshooting installed equipment 9.1 Loopbacks 9.2 Coordination between communications and relaying 9.3 Alarms |
| 82 | 9.3.1 Types of alarm indication outputs 9.4 Monitoring 9.5 Maintenance 9.5.1 Preventative based maintenance 9.5.2 Condition based maintenance 9.5.3 Performance based maintenance |
| 83 | Annex A (informative) Bibliography |
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