IEEE C37.99 2000

$30.88

IEEE Guide for the Protection of Shunt Capacitor Banks

Published By	Publication Date	Number of Pages
IEEE	2000	107

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Description

Revision Standard – Active. (Revision of IEEE Std C37.99-1990 – Reaffirmed in 1994) This IEEE Standards product is part of the C37 family on Switchgear, Substations and Protective Relays. This standard assists in the effective application of relays and other devices for the protection of shunt capacitors used in substations. It covers the protective considerations, along with recommended and alternate methods of protection for the most commonly used capacitor bank configurations. Capacitor bank design tradeoffs are also discussed. This guide covers protection of filter tanks and very large EHV capacitor banks, but does not include a discussion of pole-mounted capacitor banks on distribution circuits or application of capacitors connected to rotating apparatus.

PDF Catalog

PDF Pages	PDF Title
1	Title Page
3	Introduction Participants
5	CONTENTS
7	1. Overview 1.1 Scope 1.2 Purpose 2. References
8	3. Definitions
10	4. Basic considerations
12	4.1 Capacitor unit capabilities 4.2 Arrangement of capacitor units 4.2.1 Externally fused shunt capacitor banks
13	4.2.2 Internally fused shunt capacitor banks 4.2.3 Fuseless shunt capacitor banks 4.2.4 Unfused shunt capacitor banks 4.3 Capacitor bank design 4.3.1 Externally fused
14	4.3.2 Internally fused
15	4.3.3 Fuseless banks 4.3.4 Unfused banks 4.4 Overvoltage on remaining capacitor units 4.4.1 Externally fused bank 4.4.2 Internally fused bank 4.4.3 Fuseless bank
16	4.4.4 Unfused bank 5. Bank connections 5.1 Grounded wye-connected banks
17	5.1.1 One unit phase to ground 5.1.2 Multiple units in series phase to ground—single wye 5.1.3 Multiple units in series phase to ground—double wye 5.2 Ungrounded wye-connected banks
18	5.2.1 One unit phase to neutral 5.2.2 Multiple units in series phase to neutral—single wye 5.2.3 Multiple units in series phase to neutral—double wye 5.3 Delta-connected banks
19	5.4 H configuration 6. Other considerations 6.1 Single-point and peninsula grounding
21	6.2 Neutral grounding
22	7. Introduction to bank and system protection
23	7.1 Bank protection
24	7.1.1 General fuse requirements (for banks with fuses) 7.1.2 External fuse selection and operation
25	7.1.3 Internal fuse operation 7.1.4 Capacitor unbalance protection 7.1.5 Protection for rack faults (arc-over within the capacitor rack)
27	7.2 System protection 7.2.1 External arcing 7.2.2 Overvoltages 7.2.3 Bank overcurrent protection
28	7.2.4 Loss of bus voltage
29	7.2.5 Fusing for capacitor bank relaying 7.2.6 Capacitor bank breaker failure protection
30	7.2.7 Surge arrester protection 8. Unbalance relaying methods 8.1 Introduction
31	8.2 General unbalance relay considerations 8.2.1 Schemes with ambiguous indication
32	8.2.2 Undetectable failure modes
33	8.2.3 Inherent unbalance, system unbalance, and other sources of error
34	8.2.4 Unbalance trip relay considerations
35	8.2.5 Unbalance alarm relay considerations 8.2.6 Comments on various protection schemes
39	8.2.7 Very large capacitor banks 8.2.8 Protection of unbalance relays
40	8.2.9 Current transformers for unbalance relaying 8.3 Externally fused capacitor banks 8.3.1 General considerations 8.3.2 Using the calculated values
41	8.3.3 Introduction to capacitor bank unbalance calculations
42	8.3.4 Unbalance calculations—wye, delta, and single-phase
46	8.3.5 Unbalance calculations—tap voltage
48	8.3.6 Unbalance calculations—H-bridge
51	8.4 Internally fused capacitor banks 8.4.1 General considerations
52	8.4.2 Using the calculated values
53	8.4.3 Introduction to capacitor bank unbalance calculations
54	8.4.4 Unbalance calculations—wye, delta, and single-phase
59	8.4.5 Unbalance calculations—H-bridge
62	8.4.6 Unbalance calculations—(midpoint) tap
65	8.5 Fuseless capacitor banks 8.5.1 General considerations
66	8.5.2 Using the calculated values
68	8.5.3 Introduction to capacitor bank unbalance calculations 8.5.4 Unbalance calculations
73	8.6 Unfused capacitor banks 8.6.1 General considerations
74	8.6.2 Using the calculated values
75	8.6.3 Introduction to capacitor bank unbalance calculations 8.6.4 Unbalance calculations
79	9. Protection of capacitor filter banks 9.1 Filter bank protection 9.1.1 Overcurrent and overload protection
81	9.1.2 Ground overcurrent protection 9.1.3 Resistor overload protection 9.1.4 Overvoltage protection 9.1.5 Capacitor unbalance protection
82	9.2 Multifrequency harmonic filter protection considerations
84	9.3 Static var compensator (SVC) capacitor protection
86	9.4 SVC filter protection 10. Capacitor bank equipment considerations 10.1 Capacitor bank switching devices
89	10.2 Inrush control devices
90	10.3 Surge arresters 10.4 Voltage-sensing devices 10.5 Current-sensing devices
91	10.6 Transient currents
92	10.6.1 Surge protection for current transformers
94	10.6.2 Surge protection of voltage transformers, capacitor-coupled voltage transformers, and resi…
96	10.6.3 Surge protection of relay systems associated with capacitor banks 10.7 Control cables
97	11. System considerations 11.1 Resonance 11.2 Harmonics 11.3 Telephone interference
98	12. Commissioning, operation, and maintenance 12.1 Preparation for initial energizing 12.1.1 Visual and switching device inspection 12.1.2 Capacitance testing 12.1.3 Relay protection testing
99	12.1.4 Special recording 12.1.5 Initial energization 12.1.6 Additional tests (optional) 12.2 Response to alarm or lockout (trip) 12.2.1 Oscillographic records
100	12.2.2 Inspection (after de-energization) 12.2.3 Testing 12.2.4 Capacitor unit removal and replacement 12.2.5 Returning bank to service after lockout 12.2.6 Servicing bank following alarm condition
101	Annex A—Symbol definitions
103	Annex B—Bibliography
105	Annex C—Equations for effect of inherent unbalances
106	Annex D—Inrush current and frequency for switching capacitor banks