IEEE C57.91 1995:1996 Edition
$69.88
IEEE Guide for Loading Mineral-Oil-Immersed Transformers
| Published By | Publication Date | Number of Pages |
| IEEE | 1996 | 108 |
Revision Standard – Inactive – Superseded. General recommendations for loading 65 C rise mineral-oil-immersed distribution and power transformers are covered.
PDF Catalog
| PDF Pages | PDF Title |
|---|---|
| 3 | Introduction |
| 4 | Participants |
| 7 | CONTENTS |
| 9 | 1. Overview 1.1 Scope 1.2 Purpose 2. References |
| 10 | 3. Definitions |
| 11 | 4. Effect of loading beyond nameplate rating 4.1 General 4.2 Voltage and frequency considerations |
| 12 | 4.3 Supplemental cooling of existing self-cooled transformers 4.4 Information for user calculations |
| 13 | 5. Transformer insulation life 5.1 General 5.2 Aging equations 5.3 Percent loss of life |
| 19 | 6. Ambient temperature and its influence on loading 6.1 General 6.2 Approximating ambient temperature for air-cooled transformers |
| 20 | 6.3 Approximating ambient temperature for water-cooled transformers 6.4 Influence of ambient on loading for normal life expectancy |
| 21 | 7. Calculation of temperatures 7.1 Load cycles |
| 22 | 7.2 Calculation of temperatures |
| 27 | 7.3 Computer calculation of loading capability 7.4 Bibliography for clause 7 |
| 29 | 8. Loading of distribution transformers 8.1 Distribution transformer life expectancy 8.2 Limitations |
| 30 | 8.3 Types of loading |
| 33 | 9. Loading of power transformers 9.1 Types of loading and their interrelationship |
| 34 | 9.2 Limitations |
| 35 | 9.3 Normal life expectancy loading |
| 37 | 9.4 Planned loading beyond nameplate rating 9.5 Long-time emergency loading 9.6 Short-time emergency loading |
| 38 | 9.7 Loading information for specifications 9.8 Operation with part or all of the cooling out of service |
| 39 | Annex A—Thermal evolution of gas from transformer insulation |
| 48 | Annex B—Effect of loading transformers above nameplate rating on bushings, tap changers, and auxi… |
| 53 | Annex C—Calculation methods for determining ratings and selecting transformer size |
| 61 | Annex D—Philosophy of guide applicable to transformers with 55 °C average winding rise (65 °C hot… |
| 63 | Annex E—Unusual temperature and altitude conditions |
| 65 | Annex F—Cold-load pickup (CLPU) |
| 68 | Annex G—Alternate temperature calculation method |
| 93 | Annex H—Operation with part or all of the cooling out of service |
| 97 | Annex I—Transformer insulation life |
| 107 | Annex J—Hottest-spot temperature indicators and fiber optic detectors |
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