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IEEE ISO IEC 9945 2009

IEEE ISO IEC 9945 2009

$145.00

Information technology Portable Operating System Interface (POSIX) Base Specifications, Issue 7

Published By Publication Date Number of Pages
IEEE 2009 3880
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– Active. Revision and Adoption of IEEE Std 1003.1-2008, this standard defines a standard operating system interface and environment, including a command interpreter (or shell), and common utility programs to support applications portability at the source code level. It is intended to be used by both application developers and system implementers.

PDF Catalog

PDF Pages PDF Title
1 ISO/IEC/IEEE 9945:2009(E)
3 Foreword
5 IEEE Std 1003.1™-2008
7 Title Page
8 Abstract
Keywords
9 IEEE
10 The Open Group
11 Introduction
Background/Audience
12 Purpose
13 POSIX.1-2008
Base Definitions
System Interfaces
14 Shell and Utilities
Rationale (Informative
Typographical Conventions
17 Notice to Users
Laws and Regulations
Copyrights
Updating of IEEE Documents
Errata/Feedback
Interpretations/Patents
18 Contents
38 Trademarks
39 Acknowledgements
40 Referenced Documents
47 IMPORTANT NOTICE
49 XBD
51 1 Introduction
1.1 Scope
52 1.2 Conformance
1.3 Normative References
53 1.4 Change History
1.5 Terminology
54 1.6 Definitions and Concepts
1.7 Portability
55 1.7.1 Codes
61 1.7.2 Margin Code Notation
63 2 Conformance
2.1 Implementation Conformance
2.1.1 Requirements
64 2.1.2 Documentation
2.1.3 POSIX Conformance
67 2.1.4 XSI Conformance
68 2.1.5 Option Groups
74 2.1.6 Options
77 2.2 Application Conformance
2.2.1 Strictly Conforming POSIX Application
78 2.2.2 Conforming POSIX Application
2.2.3 Conforming POSIX Application Using Extensions
2.2.4 Strictly Conforming XSI Application
79 2.2.5 Conforming XSI Application Using Extensions
2.3 Language-Dependent Services for the C Programming Language
2.4 Other Language-Related Specifications
81 3 Definitions
3.1 Abortive Release
3.2 Absolute Pathname
3.3 Access Mode
3.4 Additional File Access Control Mechanism
3.5 Address Space
82 3.6 Advisory Information
3.7 Affirmative Response
3.8 Alert
3.9 Alert Character ()
3.10 Alias Name
83 3.11 Alignment
3.12 Alternate File Access Control Mechanism
3.13 Alternate Signal Stack
3.14 Ancillary Data
3.15 Angle Brackets
3.16 Apostrophe Character ()
3.17 Application
84 3.18 Application Address
3.19 Application Program Interface (API)
3.20 Appropriate Privileges
3.21 Argument
3.22 Arm (a Timer)
3.23 Asterisk Character ()
3.24 Async-Cancel-Safe Function
85 3.25 Asynchronous Events
3.26 Asynchronous Input and Output
3.27 Async-Signal-Safe Function
3.28 Asynchronously-Generated Signal
3.29 Asynchronous I/O Completion
3.30 Asynchronous I/O Operation
3.31 Authentication
86 3.32 Authorization
3.33 Background Job
3.34 Background Process
3.35 Background Process Group (or Background Job)
3.36 Backquote Character
3.37 Backslash Character ()
3.38 Backspace Character ()
87 3.39 Barrier
3.40 Basename
3.41 Basic Regular Expression (BRE)
3.42 Batch Access List
3.43 Batch Administrator
3.44 Batch Client
88 3.45 Batch Destination
3.46 Batch Destination Identifier
3.47 Batch Directive
3.48 Batch Job
3.49 Batch Job Attribute
3.50 Batch Job Identifier
89 3.51 Batch Job Name
3.52 Batch Job Owner
3.53 Batch Job Priority
3.54 Batch Job State
3.55 Batch Name Service
3.56 Batch Name Space
90 3.57 Batch Node
3.58 Batch Operator
3.59 Batch Queue
3.60 Batch Queue Attribute
3.61 Batch Queue Position
3.62 Batch Queue Priority
91 3.63 Batch Rerunability
3.64 Batch Restart
3.65 Batch Server
3.66 Batch Server Name
3.67 Batch Service
3.68 Batch Service Request
3.69 Batch Submission
92 3.70 Batch System
3.71 Batch Target User
3.72 Batch User
3.73 Bind
3.74 Blank Character ()
3.75 Blank Line
3.76 Blocked Process (or Thread)
3.77 Blocking
93 3.78 Block-Mode Terminal
3.79 Block Special File
3.80 Braces
3.81 Brackets
3.82 Broadcast
94 3.83 Built-In Utility (or Built-In)
3.84 Byte
3.85 Byte Input/Output Functions
3.86 Carriage-Return Character ()
95 3.87 Character
3.88 Character Array
3.89 Character Class
3.90 Character Set
3.91 Character Special File
3.92 Character String
96 3.93 Child Process
3.94 Circumflex Character ()
3.95 Clock
3.96 Clock Jump
3.97 Clock Tick
3.98 Coded Character Set
97 3.99 Codeset
3.100 Collating Element
3.101 Collation
3.102 Collation Sequence
98 3.103 Column Position
3.104 Command
3.105 Command Language Interpreter
3.106 Composite Graphic Symbol
3.107 Condition Variable
99 3.108 Connected Socket
3.109 Connection
3.110 Connection Mode
3.111 Connectionless Mode
3.112 Control Character
3.113 Control Operator
3.114 Controlling Process
100 3.115 Controlling Terminal
3.116 Conversion Descriptor
3.117 Core File
3.118 CPU Time (Execution Time)
3.119 CPU-Time Clock
3.120 CPU-Time Timer
3.121 Current Job
101 3.122 Current Working Directory
3.123 Cursor Position
3.124 Datagram
3.125 Data Segment
3.126 Deferred Batch Service
3.127 Device
3.128 Device ID
3.129 Directory
3.130 Directory Entry (or Link)
102 3.131 Directory Stream
3.132 Disarm (a Timer)
3.133 Display
3.134 Display Line
3.135 Dollar-Sign Character ()
3.136 Dot
103 3.137 Dot-Dot
3.138 Double-Quote Character
3.139 Downshifting
3.140 Driver
3.141 Effective Group ID
3.142 Effective User ID
3.143 Eight-Bit Transparency
104 3.144 Empty Directory
3.145 Empty Line
3.146 Empty String (or Null String)
3.147 Empty Wide-Character String
3.148 Encoding Rule
3.149 Entire Regular Expression
105 3.150 Epoch
3.151 Equivalence Class
3.152 Era
3.153 Event Management
3.154 Executable File
106 3.155 Execute
3.156 Execution Time
3.157 Execution Time Monitoring
3.158 Expand
3.159 Extended Regular Expression (ERE)
3.160 Extended Security Controls
107 3.161 Feature Test Macro
3.162 Field
3.163 FIFO Special File (or FIFO)
3.164 File
3.165 File Description
108 3.166 File Descriptor
3.167 File Group Class
3.168 File Mode
3.169 File Mode Bits
3.170 Filename
3.171 File Offset
109 3.172 File Other Class
3.173 File Owner Class
3.174 File Permission Bits
3.175 File Serial Number
3.176 File System
3.177 File Type
110 3.178 Filter
3.179 First Open (of a File)
3.180 Flow Control
3.181 Foreground Job
3.182 Foreground Process
3.183 Foreground Process Group (or Foreground Job)
3.184 Foreground Process Group ID
111 3.185 Form-Feed Character ()
3.186 Graphic Character
3.187 Group Database
3.188 Group ID
3.189 Group Name
3.190 Hard Limit
112 3.191 Hard Link
3.192 Home Directory
3.193 Host Byte Order
3.194 Incomplete Line
3.195 Inf
3.196 Instrumented Application
3.197 Interactive Shell
113 3.198 Internationalization
3.199 Interprocess Communication
3.200 Invoke
3.201 Job
3.202 Job Control
3.203 Job Control Job ID
114 3.204 Last Close (of a File)
3.205 Line
3.206 Linger
3.207 Link
3.208 Link Count
3.209 Local Customs
3.210 Local Interprocess Communication (Local IPC)
115 3.211 Locale
3.212 Localization
3.213 Login
3.214 Login Name
3.215 Map
3.216 Marked Message
116 3.217 Matched
3.218 Memory Mapped Files
3.219 Memory Object
3.220 Memory-Resident
3.221 Message
3.222 Message Catalog
117 3.223 Message Catalog Descriptor
3.224 Message Queue
3.225 Mode
3.226 Monotonic Clock
3.227 Mount Point
3.228 Multi-Character Collating Element
3.229 Mutex
118 3.230 Name
3.231 Named STREAM
3.232 NaN (Not a Number)
3.233 Native Language
3.234 Negative Response
3.235 Network
3.236 Network Address
119 3.237 Network Byte Order
3.238 Newline Character ()
3.239 Nice Value
3.240 Non-Blocking
3.241 Non-Spacing Characters
120 3.242 NUL
3.243 Null Byte
3.244 Null Pointer
3.245 Null String
3.246 Null Wide-Character Code
3.247 Number-Sign Character ()
3.248 Object File
3.249 Octet
121 3.250 Offset Maximum
3.251 Opaque Address
3.252 Open File
3.253 Open File Description
3.254 Operand
3.255 Operator
122 3.256 Option
3.257 Option-Argument
3.258 Orientation
3.259 Orphaned Process Group
3.260 Page
3.261 Page Size
123 3.262 Parameter
3.263 Parent Directory
3.264 Parent Process
3.265 Parent Process ID
3.266 Pathname
124 3.267 Pathname Component
3.268 Path Prefix
3.269 Pattern
3.270 Period Character ()
3.271 Permissions
3.272 Persistence
125 3.273 Pipe
3.274 Polling
3.275 Portable Character Set
3.276 Portable Filename Character Set
126 3.277 Positional Parameter
3.278 Preallocation
3.279 Preempted Process (or Thread)
3.280 Previous Job
3.281 Printable Character
3.282 Printable File
127 3.283 Priority
3.284 Priority Band
3.285 Priority Inversion
3.286 Priority Scheduling
3.287 Priority-Based Scheduling
3.288 Privilege
128 3.289 Process
3.290 Process Group
3.291 Process Group ID
3.292 Process Group Leader
3.293 Process Group Lifetime
129 3.294 Process ID
3.295 Process Lifetime
3.296 Process Memory Locking
3.297 Process Termination
3.298 Process-To-Process Communication
130 3.299 Process Virtual Time
3.300 Program
3.301 Protocol
3.302 Pseudo-Terminal
3.303 Radix Character
3.304 Read-Only File System
3.305 Read-Write Lock
131 3.306 Real Group ID
3.307 Real Time
3.308 Realtime Signal Extension
3.309 Real User ID
3.310 Record
3.311 Redirection
132 3.312 Redirection Operator
3.313 Referenced Shared Memory Object
3.314 Refresh
3.315 Regular Expression
3.316 Region
3.317 Regular File
133 3.318 Relative Pathname
3.319 Relocatable File
3.320 Relocation
3.321 Requested Batch Service
3.322 (Time) Resolution
3.323 Robust Mutex
3.324 Root Directory
3.325 Runnable Process (or Thread)
134 3.326 Running Process (or Thread)
3.327 Saved Resource Limits
3.328 Saved Set-Group-ID
3.329 Saved Set-User-ID
3.330 Scheduling
3.331 Scheduling Allocation Domain
3.332 Scheduling Contention Scope
135 3.333 Scheduling Policy
3.334 Screen
3.335 Scroll
3.336 Semaphore
136 3.337 Session
3.338 Session Leader
3.339 Session Lifetime
3.340 Shared Memory Object
3.341 Shell
3.342 Shell, the
137 3.343 Shell Script
3.344 Signal
3.345 Signal Stack
3.346 Single-Quote Character
3.347 Slash Character ()
3.348 Socket
3.349 Socket Address
138 3.350 Soft Limit
3.351 Source Code
3.352 Space Character ()
3.353 Spawn
3.354 Special Built-In
139 3.355 Special Parameter
3.356 Spin Lock
3.357 Sporadic Server
3.358 Standard Error
3.359 Standard Input
3.360 Standard Output
3.361 Standard Utilities
140 3.362 Stream
3.363 STREAM
3.364 STREAM End
3.365 STREAM Head
3.366 STREAMS Multiplexor
3.367 String
141 3.368 Subshell
3.369 Successfully Transferred
3.370 Supplementary Group ID
3.371 Suspended Job
3.372 Symbolic Constant
142 3.373 Symbolic Link
3.374 Synchronized Input and Output
3.375 Synchronized I/O Completion
3.376 Synchronized I/O Data Integrity Completion
3.377 Synchronized I/O File Integrity Completion
3.378 Synchronized I/O Operation
143 3.379 Synchronous I/O Operation
3.380 Synchronously-Generated Signal
3.381 System
3.382 System Boot
3.383 System Clock
3.384 System Console
3.385 System Crash
144 3.386 System Databases
3.387 System Documentation
3.388 System Process
3.389 System Reboot
3.390 System Trace Event
3.391 System-Wide
145 3.392 Tab Character ()
3.393 Terminal (or Terminal Device)
3.394 Text Column
3.395 Text File
3.396 Thread
3.397 Thread ID
146 3.398 Thread List
3.399 Thread-Safe
3.400 Thread-Specific Data Key
3.401 Tilde Character ()
3.402 Timeouts
3.403 Timer
3.404 Timer Overrun
147 3.405 Token
3.406 Trace Analyzer Process
3.407 Trace Controller Process
3.408 Trace Event
3.409 Trace Event Type
3.410 Trace Event Type Mapping
3.411 Trace Filter
3.412 Trace Generation Version
148 3.413 Trace Log
3.414 Trace Point
3.415 Trace Stream
3.416 Trace Stream Identifier
3.417 Trace System
3.418 Traced Process
3.419 Tracing Status of a Trace Stream
3.420 Typed Memory Name Space
149 3.421 Typed Memory Object
3.422 Typed Memory Pool
3.423 Typed Memory Port
3.424 Unbind
3.425 Unit Data
3.426 Upshifting
3.427 User Database
150 3.428 User ID
3.429 User Name
3.430 User Trace Event
3.431 Utility
151 3.432 Variable
3.433 Vertical-Tab Character ()
3.434 White Space
3.435 Wide-Character Code (C Language)
3.436 Wide-Character Input/Output Functions
3.437 Wide-Character String
152 3.438 Word
3.439 Working Directory (or Current Working Directory)
3.440 Worldwide Portability Interface
3.441 Write
3.442 XSI
153 3.443 XSI-Conformant
3.444 Zombie Process
3.445 Plus or Minus Zero
155 4 General Concepts
4.1 Concurrent Execution
4.2 Directory Protection
4.3 Extended Security Controls
156 4.4 File Access Permissions
4.5 File Hierarchy
157 4.6 Filenames
4.7 Filename Portability
4.8 File Times Update
158 4.9 Host and Network Byte Orders
4.10 Measurement of Execution Time
4.11 Memory Synchronization
159 4.12 Pathname Resolution
160 4.13 Process ID Reuse
4.14 Scheduling Policy
161 4.15 Seconds Since the Epoch
4.16 Semaphore
162 4.17 Thread-Safety
4.18 Tracing
164 4.19 Treatment of Error Conditions for Mathematical Functions
4.19.1 Domain Error
165 4.19.2 Pole Error
4.19.3 Range Error
166 4.20 Treatment of NaN Arguments for the Mathematical Functions
4.21 Utility
4.22 Variable Assignment
169 5 File Format Notation
173 6 Character Set
6.1 Portable Character Set
176 6.2 Character Encoding
177 6.3 C Language Wide-Character Codes
6.4 Character Set Description File
180 6.4.1 State-Dependent Character Encodings
183 7 Locale
7.1 General
184 7.2 POSIX Locale
7.3 Locale Definition
187 7.3.1 LC_CTYPE
194 7.3.2 LC_COLLATE
202 7.3.3 LC_MONETARY
205 7.3.4 LC_NUMERIC
206 7.3.5 LC_TIME
212 7.3.6 LC_MESSAGES
213 7.4 Locale Definition Grammar
7.4.1 Locale Lexical Conventions
214 7.4.2 Locale Grammar
221 8 Environment Variables
8.1 Environment Variable Definition
222 8.2 Internationalization Variables
225 8.3 Other Environment Variables
229 9 Regular Expressions
9.1 Regular Expression Definitions
230 9.2 Regular Expression General Requirements
231 9.3 Basic Regular Expressions
9.3.1 BREs Matching a Single Character or Collating Element
9.3.2 BRE Ordinary Characters
9.3.3 BRE Special Characters
232 9.3.4 Periods in BREs
9.3.5 RE Bracket Expression
234 9.3.6 BREs Matching Multiple Characters
235 9.3.7 BRE Precedence
9.3.8 BRE Expression Anchoring
236 9.4 Extended Regular Expressions
9.4.1 EREs Matching a Single Character or Collating Element
9.4.2 ERE Ordinary Characters
9.4.3 ERE Special Characters
237 9.4.4 Periods in EREs
9.4.5 ERE Bracket Expression
9.4.6 EREs Matching Multiple Characters
238 9.4.7 ERE Alternation
9.4.8 ERE Precedence
9.4.9 ERE Expression Anchoring
239 9.5 Regular Expression Grammar
9.5.1 BRE/ERE Grammar Lexical Conventions
240 9.5.2 RE and Bracket Expression Grammar
242 9.5.3 ERE Grammar
245 10 Directory Structure and Devices
10.1 Directory Structure and Files
246 10.2 Output Devices and Terminal Types
247 11 General Terminal Interface
11.1 Interface Characteristics
11.1.1 Opening a Terminal Device File
248 11.1.2 Process Groups
11.1.3 The Controlling Terminal
249 11.1.4 Terminal Access Control
11.1.5 Input Processing and Reading Data
250 11.1.6 Canonical Mode Input Processing
11.1.7 Non-Canonical Mode Input Processing
251 11.1.8 Writing Data and Output Processing
11.1.9 Special Characters
253 11.1.10 Modem Disconnect
11.1.11 Closing a Terminal Device File
11.2 Parameters that Can be Set
11.2.1 The termios Structure
254 11.2.2 Input Modes
255 11.2.3 Output Modes
257 11.2.4 Control Modes
258 11.2.5 Local Modes
260 11.2.6 Special Control Characters
261 12 Utility Conventions
12.1 Utility Argument Syntax
263 12.2 Utility Syntax Guidelines
267 13 Headers
268
270
271
272
275
277
279
281
282
286
291
295
299
301
302
304
306
308
309
311
312
315
316
331
334
341
342
344
346
347
351
355
356
357
359
365
367
369
371
373
375
376
385
387
389
390
392
399
403
407
409
410
415
417
420
422
424
426
428
430
436
441
443
445
446
450
451
452
453
455
457
459
465
469
473
477
478
499
500
502
507
509
511 XSH
513 1 Introduction
1.1 Relationship to Other Formal Standards
1.2 Format of Entries
515 2 General Information
2.1 Use and Implementation of Interfaces
2.1.1 Use and Implementation of Functions
516 2.1.2 Use and Implementation of Macros
2.2 The Compilation Environment
2.2.1 POSIX.1 Symbols
517 2.2.2 The Name Space
525 2.3 Error Numbers
532 2.3.1 Additional Error Numbers
2.4 Signal Concepts
2.4.1 Signal Generation and Delivery
533 2.4.2 Realtime Signal Generation and Delivery
534 2.4.3 Signal Actions
538 2.4.4 Signal Effects on Other Functions
2.5 Standard I/O Streams
539 2.5.1 Interaction of File Descriptors and Standard I/O Streams
541 2.5.2 Stream Orientation and Encoding Rules
542 2.6 STREAMS
543 2.6.1 Accessing STREAMS
544 2.7 XSI Interprocess Communication
2.7.1 IPC General Description
545 2.8 Realtime
2.8.1 Realtime Signals
2.8.2 Asynchronous I/O
547 2.8.3 Memory Management
549 2.8.4 Process Scheduling
553 2.8.5 Clocks and Timers
555 2.9 Threads
2.9.1 Thread-Safety
556 2.9.2 Thread IDs
2.9.3 Thread Mutexes
557 2.9.4 Thread Scheduling
559 2.9.5 Thread Cancellation
563 2.9.6 Thread Read-Write Locks
564 2.9.7 Thread Interactions with Regular File Operations
2.9.8 Use of Application-Managed Thread Stacks
565 2.10 Sockets
2.10.1 Address Families
2.10.2 Addressing
2.10.3 Protocols
566 2.10.4 Routing
2.10.5 Interfaces
2.10.6 Socket Types
567 2.10.7 Socket I/O Mode
2.10.8 Socket Owner
2.10.9 Socket Queue Limits
2.10.10 Pending Error
568 2.10.11 Socket Receive Queue
2.10.12 Socket Out-of-Band Data State
569 2.10.13 Connection Indication Queue
2.10.14 Signals
2.10.15 Asynchronous Errors
570 2.10.16 Use of Options
573 2.10.17 Use of Sockets for Local UNIX Connections
2.10.18 Use of Sockets over Internet Protocols
574 2.10.19 Use of Sockets over Internet Protocols Based on IPv4
2.10.20 Use of Sockets over Internet Protocols Based on IPv6
577 2.11 Tracing
579 2.11.1 Tracing Data Definitions
583 2.11.2 Trace Event Type Definitions
587 2.11.3 Trace Functions
588 2.12 Data Types
2.12.1 Defined Types
589 2.12.2 The char Type
2.12.3 Pointer Types
591 3 System Interfaces
592 FD_CLR
593 _Exit
598 _longjmp
600 _tolower
601 _toupper
602 a64l
604 abort
606 abs
607 accept
609 access
612 acos
614 acosh
616 acosl
617 aio_cancel
619 aio_error
621 aio_fsync
623 aio_read
626 aio_return
628 aio_suspend
630 aio_write
633 alarm
635 alphasort
638 asctime
641 asin
643 asinh
645 asinl
646 assert
647 atan
649 atan2
652 atanf
653 atanh
655 atanl
656 atexit
658 atof
659 atoi
661 atol
662 basename
664 bind
667 bsearch
670 btowc
671 cabs
672 cacos
673 cacosh
674 cacosl
675 calloc
677 carg
678 casin
679 casinh
680 casinl
681 catan
682 catanh
683 catanl
684 catclose
685 catgets
687 catopen
689 cbrt
690 ccos
691 ccosh
692 ccosl
693 ceil
695 cexp
696 cfgetispeed
698 cfgetospeed
699 cfsetispeed
700 cfsetospeed
701 chdir
703 chmod
707 chown
711 cimag
712 clearerr
713 clock
714 clock_getcpuclockid
715 clock_getres
719 clock_nanosleep
722 clock_settime
723 clog
724 close
728 closedir
730 closelog
734 confstr
737 conj
738 connect
741 copysign
742 cos
744 cosh
746 cosl
747 cpow
748 cproj
749 creal
750 creat
752 crypt
754 csin
755 csinh
756 csinl
757 csqrt
758 ctan
759 ctanh
760 ctanl
761 ctermid
763 ctime
765 daylight
766 dbm_clearerr
770 difftime
771 dirfd
773 dirname
775 div
776 dlclose
778 dlerror
780 dlopen
783 dlsym
785 dprintf
786 drand48
789 dup
791 duplocale
793 encrypt
795 endgrent
797 endhostent
799 endnetent
801 endprotoent
803 endpwent
806 endservent
808 endutxent
811 environ
812 erand48
813 erf
815 erfc
817 erff
818 errno
820 exec
833 exit
834 exp
836 exp2
838 expm1
840 fabs
842 faccessat
843 fattach
846 fchdir
847 fchmod
849 fchmodat
850 fchown
852 fchownat
853 fclose
855 fcntl
863 fdatasync
864 fdetach
866 fdim
868 fdopen
871 fdopendir
875 feclearexcept
876 fegetenv
877 fegetexceptflag
878 fegetround
880 feholdexcept
881 feof
882 feraiseexcept
883 ferror
884 fesetenv
885 fesetexceptflag
886 fesetround
887 fetestexcept
889 feupdateenv
891 fexecve
892 fflush
895 ffs
896 fgetc
898 fgetpos
900 fgets
902 fgetwc
904 fgetws
906 fileno
907 flockfile
909 floor
911 fma
913 fmax
914 fmemopen
917 fmin
918 fmod
920 fmtmsg
923 fnmatch
925 fopen
929 fork
934 fpathconf
940 fpclassify
941 fprintf
954 fputc
956 fputs
958 fputwc
960 fputws
961 fread
963 free
964 freeaddrinfo
969 freelocale
971 freopen
975 frexp
977 fscanf
985 fseek
988 fsetpos
990 fstat
993 fstatat
999 fstatvfs
1002 fsync
1004 ftell
1006 ftok
1009 ftruncate
1011 ftrylockfile
1012 ftw
1015 funlockfile
1016 futimens
1020 fwide
1021 fwprintf
1029 fwrite
1031 fwscanf
1038 gai_strerror
1039 getaddrinfo
1040 getc
1041 getc_unlocked
1043 getchar
1044 getchar_unlocked
1045 getcwd
1048 getdate
1053 getdelim
1055 getegid
1056 getenv
1059 geteuid
1060 getgid
1061 getgrent
1062 getgrgid
1066 getgrnam
1069 getgroups
1071 gethostent
1072 gethostid
1073 gethostname
1074 getitimer
1076 getline
1077 getlogin
1080 getmsg
1084 getnameinfo
1087 getnetbyaddr
1088 getopt
1093 getpeername
1095 getpgid
1096 getpgrp
1097 getpid
1098 getpmsg
1099 getppid
1100 getpriority
1103 getprotobyname
1104 getpwent
1105 getpwnam
1109 getpwuid
1113 getrlimit
1116 getrusage
1118 gets
1120 getservbyname
1121 getsid
1122 getsockname
1124 getsockopt
1126 getsubopt
1130 gettimeofday
1131 getuid
1132 getutxent
1133 getwc
1134 getwchar
1135 glob
1139 gmtime
1141 grantpt
1142 hcreate
1145 htonl
1146 hypot
1148 iconv
1151 iconv_close
1152 iconv_open
1154 if_freenameindex
1155 if_indextoname
1156 if_nameindex
1157 if_nametoindex
1158 ilogb
1160 imaxabs
1161 imaxdiv
1162 inet_addr
1164 inet_ntop
1166 initstate
1168 insque
1171 ioctl
1183 isalnum
1185 isalpha
1187 isascii
1188 isastream
1189 isatty
1190 isblank
1191 iscntrl
1193 isdigit
1195 isfinite
1196 isgraph
1198 isgreater
1199 isgreaterequal
1200 isinf
1201 isless
1202 islessequal
1203 islessgreater
1204 islower
1206 isnan
1207 isnormal
1208 isprint
1210 ispunct
1212 isspace
1214 isunordered
1215 isupper
1217 iswalnum
1219 iswalpha
1221 iswblank
1222 iswcntrl
1224 iswctype
1226 iswdigit
1228 iswgraph
1230 iswlower
1232 iswprint
1234 iswpunct
1236 iswspace
1238 iswupper
1240 iswxdigit
1242 isxdigit
1244 j0
1246 jrand48
1247 kill
1250 killpg
1252 l64a
1253 labs
1254 lchown
1257 lcong48
1258 ldexp
1260 ldiv
1261 lfind
1262 lgamma
1264 link
1269 lio_listio
1273 listen
1275 llabs
1276 lldiv
1277 llrint
1279 llround
1281 localeconv
1286 localtime
1290 lockf
1293 log
1295 log10
1297 log1p
1299 log2
1301 logb
1303 logf
1304 longjmp
1306 lrand48
1307 lrint
1309 lround
1311 lsearch
1313 lseek
1315 lstat
1316 malloc
1318 mblen
1320 mbrlen
1322 mbrtowc
1324 mbsinit
1325 mbsrtowcs
1327 mbstowcs
1329 mbtowc
1331 memccpy
1332 memchr
1333 memcmp
1334 memcpy
1335 memmove
1336 memset
1337 mkdir
1340 mkdtemp
1343 mkfifo
1346 mknod
1350 mkstemp
1351 mktime
1353 mlock
1355 mlockall
1357 mmap
1365 modf
1367 mprotect
1369 mq_close
1370 mq_getattr
1372 mq_notify
1375 mq_open
1378 mq_receive
1381 mq_send
1383 mq_setattr
1385 mq_timedreceive
1386 mq_timedsend
1387 mq_unlink
1389 mrand48
1390 msgctl
1392 msgget
1394 msgrcv
1397 msgsnd
1400 msync
1403 munlock
1404 munlockall
1405 munmap
1407 nan
1408 nanosleep
1410 nearbyint
1412 newlocale
1415 nextafter
1417 nftw
1421 nice
1423 nl_langinfo
1425 nrand48
1426 ntohl
1427 open
1436 open_memstream
1438 openat
1439 opendir
1440 openlog
1441 optarg
1442 pathconf
1443 pause
1444 pclose
1446 perror
1448 pipe
1451 poll
1455 popen
1458 posix_fadvise
1460 posix_fallocate
1462 posix_madvise
1464 posix_mem_offset
1466 posix_memalign
1468 posix_openpt
1470 posix_spawn
1478 posix_spawn_file_actions_addclose
1481 posix_spawn_file_actions_adddup2
1483 posix_spawn_file_actions_addopen
1484 posix_spawn_file_actions_destroy
1486 posix_spawnattr_destroy
1488 posix_spawnattr_getflags
1490 posix_spawnattr_getpgroup
1492 posix_spawnattr_getschedparam
1494 posix_spawnattr_getschedpolicy
1496 posix_spawnattr_getsigdefault
1498 posix_spawnattr_getsigmask
1500 posix_spawnattr_init
1501 posix_spawnattr_setflags
1502 posix_spawnattr_setpgroup
1503 posix_spawnattr_setschedparam
1504 posix_spawnattr_setschedpolicy
1505 posix_spawnattr_setsigdefault
1506 posix_spawnattr_setsigmask
1507 posix_spawnp
1508 posix_trace_attr_destroy
1510 posix_trace_attr_getclockres
1512 posix_trace_attr_getinherited
1515 posix_trace_attr_getlogsize
1518 posix_trace_attr_getname
1519 posix_trace_attr_getstreamfullpolicy
1520 posix_trace_attr_getstreamsize
1521 posix_trace_attr_init
1522 posix_trace_attr_setinherited
1523 posix_trace_attr_setlogsize
1524 posix_trace_attr_setname
1525 posix_trace_attr_setstreamfullpolicy
1526 posix_trace_attr_setstreamsize
1527 posix_trace_clear
1529 posix_trace_close
1531 posix_trace_create
1535 posix_trace_event
1537 posix_trace_eventid_equal
1539 posix_trace_eventid_open
1540 posix_trace_eventset_add
1542 posix_trace_eventtypelist_getnext_id
1544 posix_trace_flush
1545 posix_trace_get_attr
1547 posix_trace_get_filter
1549 posix_trace_get_status
1550 posix_trace_getnext_event
1553 posix_trace_open
1554 posix_trace_set_filter
1555 posix_trace_shutdown
1556 posix_trace_start
1558 posix_trace_timedgetnext_event
1559 posix_trace_trid_eventid_open
1560 posix_trace_trygetnext_event
1561 posix_typed_mem_get_info
1563 posix_typed_mem_open
1566 pow
1569 pread
1570 printf
1571 pselect
1576 psiginfo
1577 pthread_atfork
1580 pthread_attr_destroy
1583 pthread_attr_getdetachstate
1585 pthread_attr_getguardsize
1588 pthread_attr_getinheritsched
1590 pthread_attr_getschedparam
1592 pthread_attr_getschedpolicy
1594 pthread_attr_getscope
1596 pthread_attr_getstack
1599 pthread_attr_getstacksize
1601 pthread_attr_init
1602 pthread_attr_setdetachstate
1603 pthread_attr_setguardsize
1604 pthread_attr_setinheritsched
1605 pthread_attr_setschedparam
1606 pthread_attr_setschedpolicy
1607 pthread_attr_setscope
1608 pthread_attr_setstack
1609 pthread_attr_setstacksize
1610 pthread_barrier_destroy
1612 pthread_barrier_wait
1614 pthread_barrierattr_destroy
1616 pthread_barrierattr_getpshared
1618 pthread_barrierattr_init
1619 pthread_barrierattr_setpshared
1620 pthread_cancel
1622 pthread_cleanup_pop
1627 pthread_cond_broadcast
1630 pthread_cond_destroy
1633 pthread_cond_signal
1634 pthread_cond_timedwait
1640 pthread_condattr_destroy
1642 pthread_condattr_getclock
1644 pthread_condattr_getpshared
1646 pthread_condattr_init
1647 pthread_condattr_setclock
1648 pthread_condattr_setpshared
1649 pthread_create
1652 pthread_detach
1654 pthread_equal
1655 pthread_exit
1657 pthread_getconcurrency
1659 pthread_getcpuclockid
1660 pthread_getschedparam
1663 pthread_getspecific
1665 pthread_join
1668 pthread_key_create
1671 pthread_key_delete
1673 pthread_kill
1674 pthread_mutex_consistent
1676 pthread_mutex_destroy
1682 pthread_mutex_getprioceiling
1685 pthread_mutex_init
1686 pthread_mutex_lock
1690 pthread_mutex_setprioceiling
1691 pthread_mutex_timedlock
1694 pthread_mutex_trylock
1695 pthread_mutexattr_destroy
1700 pthread_mutexattr_getprioceiling
1702 pthread_mutexattr_getprotocol
1705 pthread_mutexattr_getpshared
1707 pthread_mutexattr_getrobust
1709 pthread_mutexattr_gettype
1711 pthread_mutexattr_init
1712 pthread_mutexattr_setprioceiling
1713 pthread_mutexattr_setprotocol
1714 pthread_mutexattr_setpshared
1715 pthread_mutexattr_setrobust
1716 pthread_mutexattr_settype
1717 pthread_once
1719 pthread_rwlock_destroy
1722 pthread_rwlock_rdlock
1725 pthread_rwlock_timedrdlock
1727 pthread_rwlock_timedwrlock
1729 pthread_rwlock_tryrdlock
1730 pthread_rwlock_trywrlock
1732 pthread_rwlock_unlock
1734 pthread_rwlock_wrlock
1735 pthread_rwlockattr_destroy
1737 pthread_rwlockattr_getpshared
1739 pthread_rwlockattr_init
1740 pthread_rwlockattr_setpshared
1741 pthread_self
1742 pthread_setcancelstate
1744 pthread_setconcurrency
1745 pthread_setschedparam
1746 pthread_setschedprio
1748 pthread_setspecific
1749 pthread_sigmask
1753 pthread_spin_destroy
1755 pthread_spin_lock
1757 pthread_spin_unlock
1759 pthread_testcancel
1760 ptsname
1761 putc
1762 putc_unlocked
1763 putchar
1764 putchar_unlocked
1765 putenv
1767 putmsg
1771 puts
1773 pututxline
1774 putwc
1775 putwchar
1776 pwrite
1777 qsort
1779 raise
1781 rand
1784 random
1785 read
1792 readdir
1797 readlink
1800 readv
1802 realloc
1804 realpath
1807 recv
1809 recvfrom
1812 recvmsg
1815 regcomp
1822 remainder
1824 remove
1826 remque
1827 remquo
1829 rename
1834 rewind
1835 rewinddir
1836 rint
1838 rmdir
1841 round
1843 scalbln
1845 scandir
1846 scanf
1847 sched_get_priority_max
1848 sched_getparam
1849 sched_getscheduler
1850 sched_rr_get_interval
1851 sched_setparam
1853 sched_setscheduler
1855 sched_yield
1856 seed48
1857 seekdir
1859 select
1860 sem_close
1862 sem_destroy
1864 sem_getvalue
1866 sem_init
1868 sem_open
1871 sem_post
1873 sem_timedwait
1876 sem_trywait
1878 sem_unlink
1880 sem_wait
1881 semctl
1884 semget
1887 semop
1892 send
1895 sendmsg
1899 sendto
1903 setbuf
1904 setegid
1905 setenv
1907 seteuid
1908 setgid
1910 setgrent
1911 sethostent
1912 setitimer
1913 setjmp
1915 setkey
1916 setlocale
1920 setlogmask
1921 setnetent
1922 setpgid
1925 setpgrp
1926 setpriority
1927 setprotoent
1928 setpwent
1929 setregid
1931 setreuid
1933 setrlimit
1934 setservent
1935 setsid
1937 setsockopt
1939 setstate
1940 setuid
1943 setutxent
1944 setvbuf
1946 shm_open
1951 shm_unlink
1953 shmat
1955 shmctl
1957 shmdt
1959 shmget
1961 shutdown
1963 sigaction
1971 sigaddset
1972 sigaltstack
1974 sigdelset
1975 sigemptyset
1977 sigfillset
1978 sighold
1981 siginterrupt
1983 sigismember
1984 siglongjmp
1985 signal
1987 signbit
1988 signgam
1989 sigpause
1990 sigpending
1991 sigprocmask
1992 sigqueue
1994 sigrelse
1995 sigsetjmp
1997 sigsuspend
1999 sigtimedwait
2003 sigwait
2005 sigwaitinfo
2006 sin
2008 sinh
2010 sinl
2011 sleep
2013 snprintf
2014 sockatmark
2016 socket
2018 socketpair
2020 sprintf
2021 sqrt
2023 srand
2024 srand48
2025 srandom
2026 sscanf
2027 stat
2028 statvfs
2029 stdin
2031 stpcpy
2032 stpncpy
2033 strcasecmp
2035 strcat
2036 strchr
2037 strcmp
2039 strcoll
2041 strcpy
2044 strcspn
2045 strdup
2047 strerror
2050 strfmon
2055 strftime
2064 strlen
2066 strncasecmp
2067 strncat
2068 strncmp
2069 strncpy
2071 strndup
2072 strnlen
2073 strpbrk
2074 strptime
2079 strrchr
2080 strsignal
2081 strspn
2082 strstr
2083 strtod
2087 strtoimax
2088 strtok
2091 strtol
2094 strtold
2095 strtoll
2096 strtoul
2099 strtoumax
2100 strxfrm
2102 swab
2103 swprintf
2104 swscanf
2105 symlink
2108 sync
2109 sysconf
2116 syslog
2117 system
2122 tan
2124 tanh
2126 tanl
2127 tcdrain
2129 tcflow
2131 tcflush
2133 tcgetattr
2135 tcgetpgrp
2137 tcgetsid
2138 tcsendbreak
2140 tcsetattr
2143 tcsetpgrp
2145 tdelete
2149 telldir
2150 tempnam
2152 tfind
2153 tgamma
2155 time
2158 timer_create
2161 timer_delete
2162 timer_getoverrun
2165 times
2168 timezone
2169 tmpfile
2171 tmpnam
2173 toascii
2174 tolower
2175 toupper
2177 towctrans
2179 towlower
2181 towupper
2183 trunc
2184 truncate
2186 truncf
2187 tsearch
2188 ttyname
2190 twalk
2191 tzset
2193 ulimit
2195 umask
2197 uname
2199 ungetc
2200 ungetwc
2202 unlink
2208 unlockpt
2209 unsetenv
2210 uselocale
2212 utime
2214 utimensat
2215 va_arg
2216 vfprintf
2218 vfscanf
2219 vfwprintf
2220 vfwscanf
2221 vprintf
2222 vscanf
2223 vsnprintf
2224 vsscanf
2225 vswprintf
2226 vswscanf
2227 vwprintf
2228 vwscanf
2229 wait
2238 waitid
2240 waitpid
2241 wcpcpy
2242 wcpncpy
2243 wcrtomb
2245 wcscasecmp
2247 wcscat
2248 wcschr
2249 wcscmp
2250 wcscoll
2252 wcscpy
2253 wcscspn
2254 wcsdup
2255 wcsftime
2257 wcslen
2258 wcsncasecmp
2259 wcsncat
2260 wcsncmp
2261 wcsncpy
2263 wcsnlen
2264 wcsnrtombs
2265 wcspbrk
2266 wcsrchr
2267 wcsrtombs
2269 wcsspn
2270 wcsstr
2271 wcstod
2275 wcstoimax
2276 wcstok
2278 wcstol
2281 wcstold
2282 wcstoll
2283 wcstombs
2285 wcstoul
2288 wcstoumax
2289 wcswidth
2290 wcsxfrm
2292 wctob
2293 wctomb
2295 wctrans
2297 wctype
2299 wcwidth
2300 wmemchr
2301 wmemcmp
2302 wmemcpy
2303 wmemmove
2304 wmemset
2305 wordexp
2310 wprintf
2311 write
2319 writev
2321 wscanf
2322 y0
2325 XCU
2327 1 Introduction
1.1 Relationship to Other Documents
1.1.1 System Interfaces
2331 1.1.2 Concepts Derived from the ISO C Standard
2333 1.2 Utility Limits
2335 1.3 Grammar Conventions
2336 1.4 Utility Description Defaults
2343 1.5 Considerations for Utilities in Support of Files of Arbitrary Size
2344 1.6 Built-In Utilities
2345 2 Shell Command Language
2.1 Shell Introduction
2346 2.2 Quoting
2.2.1 Escape Character (Backslash)
2.2.2 Single-Quotes
2.2.3 Double-Quotes
2347 2.3 Token Recognition
2348 2.3.1 Alias Substitution
2349 2.4 Reserved Words
2.5 Parameters and Variables
2.5.1 Positional Parameters
2350 2.5.2 Special Parameters
2.5.3 Shell Variables
2353 2.6 Word Expansions
2.6.1 Tilde Expansion
2354 2.6.2 Parameter Expansion
2357 2.6.3 Command Substitution
2358 2.6.4 Arithmetic Expansion
2359 2.6.5 Field Splitting
2.6.6 Pathname Expansion
2.6.7 Quote Removal
2360 2.7 Redirection
2.7.1 Redirecting Input
2361 2.7.2 Redirecting Output
2.7.3 Appending Redirected Output
2.7.4 Here-Document
2362 2.7.5 Duplicating an Input File Descriptor
2.7.6 Duplicating an Output File Descriptor
2363 2.7.7 Open File Descriptors for Reading and Writing
2.8 Exit Status and Errors
2.8.1 Consequences of Shell Errors
2.8.2 Exit Status for Commands
2364 2.9 Shell Commands
2.9.1 Simple Commands
2366 2.9.2 Pipelines
2367 2.9.3 Lists
2369 2.9.4 Compound Commands
2372 2.9.5 Function Definition Command
2373 2.10 Shell Grammar
2.10.1 Shell Grammar Lexical Conventions
2.10.2 Shell Grammar Rules
2378 2.11 Signals and Error Handling
2379 2.12 Shell Execution Environment
2380 2.13 Pattern Matching Notation
2.13.1 Patterns Matching a Single Character
2.13.2 Patterns Matching Multiple Characters
2381 2.13.3 Patterns Used for Filename Expansion
2382 2.14 Special Built-In Utilities
2383 break
2385 colon
2387 continue
2389 dot
2391 eval
2393 exec
2395 exit
2397 export
2400 readonly
2403 return
2405 set
2412 shift
2414 times
2416 trap
2420 unset
2423 3 Batch Environment Services
3.1 General Concepts
3.1.1 Batch Client-Server Interaction
2424 3.1.2 Batch Queues
3.1.3 Batch Job Creation
3.1.4 Batch Job Tracking
2425 3.1.5 Batch Job Routing
3.1.6 Batch Job Execution
2426 3.1.7 Batch Job Exit
3.1.8 Batch Job Abort
3.1.9 Batch Authorization
3.1.10 Batch Administration
2427 3.1.11 Batch Notification
3.2 Batch Services
2428 3.2.1 Batch Job States
2429 3.2.2 Deferred Batch Services
2438 3.2.3 Requested Batch Services
2445 3.3 Common Behavior for Batch Environment Utilities
3.3.1 Batch Job Identifier
2446 3.3.2 Destination
2447 3.3.3 Multiple Keyword-Value Pairs
2449 4 Utilities
2450 admin
2455 alias
2458 ar
2466 asa
2469 at
2478 awk
2512 basename
2515 batch
2518 bc
2533 bg
2536 c99
2547 cal
2549 cat
2553 cd
2558 cflow
2561 chgrp
2564 chmod
2571 chown
2575 cksum
2580 cmp
2583 comm
2586 command
2592 compress
2595 cp
2603 crontab
2607 csplit
2611 ctags
2616 cut
2620 cxref
2623 date
2630 dd
2639 delta
2643 df
2647 diff
2656 dirname
2659 du
2663 echo
2666 ed
2682 env
2686 ex
2759 expand
2762 expr
2767 false
2769 fc
2775 fg
2777 file
2785 find
2795 fold
2799 fort77
2805 fuser
2808 gencat
2812 get
2820 getconf
2826 getopts
2831 grep
2836 hash
2839 head
2842 iconv
2846 id
2850 ipcrm
2852 ipcs
2859 jobs
2863 join
2868 kill
2873 lex
2885 link
2887 ln
2892 locale
2898 localedef
2902 logger
2905 logname
2907 lp
2912 ls
2921 m4
2930 mailx
2956 make
2978 man
2982 mesg
2985 mkdir
2988 mkfifo
2991 more
3003 mv
3009 newgrp
3013 nice
3017 nl
3021 nm
3026 nohup
3030 od
3038 paste
3042 patch
3049 pathchk
3054 pax
3092 pr
3097 printf
3103 prs
3108 ps
3115 pwd
3118 qalter
3128 qdel
3131 qhold
3134 qmove
3137 qmsg
3140 qrerun
3143 qrls
3146 qselect
3155 qsig
3158 qstat
3163 qsub
3176 read
3179 renice
3183 rm
3188 rmdel
3190 rmdir
3193 sact
3196 sccs
3201 sed
3211 sh
3228 sleep
3231 sort
3238 split
3242 strings
3245 strip
3247 stty
3256 tabs
3260 tail
3264 talk
3268 tee
3271 test
3280 time
3284 touch
3290 tput
3293 tr
3300 true
3302 tsort
3305 tty
3307 type
3309 ulimit
3311 umask
3315 unalias
3317 uname
3320 uncompress
3323 unexpand
3326 unget
3329 uniq
3333 unlink
3335 uucp
3339 uudecode
3342 uuencode
3347 uustat
3350 uux
3354 val
3357 vi
3412 wait
3416 wc
3419 what
3422 who
3426 write
3429 xargs
3436 yacc
3453 zcat
3455 XRAT
3459 A Rationale for Base Definitions
A.1 Introduction
A.1.1 Scope
3462 A.1.2 Conformance
A.1.3 Normative References
A.1.4 Change History
A.1.5 Terminology
3464 A.1.6 Definitions and Concepts
A.1.7 Portability
3465 A.2 Conformance
A.2.1 Implementation Conformance
3469 A.2.2 Application Conformance
A.2.3 Language-Dependent Services for the C Programming Language
3470 A.2.4 Other Language-Related Specifications
A.3 Definitions
3491 A.4 General Concepts
A.4.1 Concurrent Execution
3492 A.4.2 Directory Protection
A.4.3 Extended Security Controls
A.4.4 File Access Permissions
A.4.5 File Hierarchy
3493 A.4.6 Filenames
3494 A.4.7 Filename Portability
A.4.8 File Times Update
3495 A.4.9 Host and Network Byte Order
A.4.10 Measurement of Execution Time
A.4.11 Memory Synchronization
3497 A.4.12 Pathname Resolution
3498 A.4.13 Process ID Reuse
A.4.14 Scheduling Policy
A.4.15 Seconds Since the Epoch
3500 A.4.16 Semaphore
A.4.17 Thread-Safety
A.4.18 Tracing
A.4.19 Treatment of Error Conditions for Mathematical Functions
A.4.20 Treatment of NaN Arguments for Mathematical Functions
A.4.21 Utility
A.4.22 Variable Assignment
A.5 File Format Notation
3501 A.6 Character Set
A.6.1 Portable Character Set
3502 A.6.2 Character Encoding
A.6.3 C Language Wide-Character Codes
A.6.4 Character Set Description File
3504 A.7 Locale
A.7.1 General
3505 A.7.2 POSIX Locale
A.7.3 Locale Definition
3512 A.7.4 Locale Definition Grammar
A.7.5 Locale Definition Example
3515 A.8 Environment Variables
A.8.1 Environment Variable Definition
3516 A.8.2 Internationalization Variables
3517 A.8.3 Other Environment Variables
3518 A.9 Regular Expressions
3519 A.9.1 Regular Expression Definitions
A.9.2 Regular Expression General Requirements
3520 A.9.3 Basic Regular Expressions
3523 A.9.4 Extended Regular Expressions
3525 A.9.5 Regular Expression Grammar
3526 A.10 Directory Structure and Devices
A.10.1 Directory Structure and Files
A.10.2 Output Devices and Terminal Types
A.11 General Terminal Interface
3527 A.11.1 Interface Characteristics
3531 A.11.2 Parameters that Can be Set
3533 A.12 Utility Conventions
A.12.1 Utility Argument Syntax
3534 A.12.2 Utility Syntax Guidelines
3536 A.13 Headers
A.13.1 Format of Entries
3537 A.13.2 Removed Headers in Issue 7
3541 B Rationale for System Interfaces
B.1 Introduction
B.1.1 Change History
3544 B.1.2 Relationship to Other Formal Standards
B.1.3 Format of Entries
3545 B.2 General Information
B.2.1 Use and Implementation of Interfaces
3546 B.2.2 The Compilation Environment
3551 B.2.3 Error Numbers
3555 B.2.4 Signal Concepts
3565 B.2.5 Standard I/O Streams
B.2.6 STREAMS
3566 B.2.7 XSI Interprocess Communication
3567 B.2.8 Realtime
3612 B.2.9 Threads
3640 B.2.10 Sockets
3642 B.2.11 Tracing
3668 B.2.12 Data Types
3670 B.3 System Interfaces
B.3.1 System Interfaces Removed in this Version
3673 B.3.2 System Interfaces Removed in the Previous Version
B.3.3 Examples for Spawn
3685 C Rationale for Shell and Utilities
C.1 Introduction
C.1.1 Change History
3686 C.1.2 Relationship to Other Documents
3687 C.1.3 Utility Limits
3690 C.1.4 Grammar Conventions
C.1.5 Utility Description Defaults
3693 C.1.6 Considerations for Utilities in Support of Files of Arbitrary Size
3694 C.1.7 Built-In Utilities
3696 C.2 Shell Command Language
C.2.1 Shell Introduction
C.2.2 Quoting
3698 C.2.3 Token Recognition
3699 C.2.4 Reserved Words
C.2.5 Parameters and Variables
3702 C.2.6 Word Expansions
3708 C.2.7 Redirection
3710 C.2.8 Exit Status and Errors
C.2.9 Shell Commands
3717 C.2.10 Shell Grammar
3719 C.2.11 Signals and Error Handling
C.2.12 Shell Execution Environment
C.2.13 Pattern Matching Notation
3721 C.2.14 Special Built-In Utilities
C.3 Batch Environment Services and Utilities
3724 C.3.1 Batch General Concepts
3726 C.3.2 Batch Services
3727 C.3.3 Common Behavior for Batch Environment Utilities
C.4 Utilities
C.4.1 Utilities Removed in this Version
C.4.2 Utilities Removed in the Previous Version
C.4.3 Exclusion of Utilities
3733 D Portability Considerations (Informative)
D.1 User Requirements
3734 D.1.1 Configuration Interrogation
D.1.2 Process Management
D.1.3 Access to Data
D.1.4 Access to the Environment
D.1.5 Access to Determinism and Performance Enhancements
3735 D.1.6 Operating System-Dependent Profile
D.1.7 I/O Interaction
D.1.8 Internationalization Interaction
D.1.9 C-Language Extensions
D.1.10 Command Language
D.1.11 Interactive Facilities
D.1.12 Accomplish Multiple Tasks Simultaneously
3736 D.1.13 Complex Data Manipulation
D.1.14 File Hierarchy Manipulation
D.1.15 Locale Configuration
D.1.16 Inter-User Communication
D.1.17 System Environment
D.1.18 Printing
D.1.19 Software Development
3737 D.2 Portability Capabilities
D.2.1 Configuration Interrogation
3738 D.2.2 Process Management
D.2.3 Access to Data
3739 D.2.4 Access to the Environment
3740 D.2.5 Bounded (Realtime) Response
D.2.6 Operating System-Dependent Profile
D.2.7 I/O Interaction
3741 D.2.8 Internationalization Interaction
D.2.9 C-Language Extensions
D.2.10 Command Language
3742 D.2.11 Interactive Facilities
D.2.12 Accomplish Multiple Tasks Simultaneously
D.2.13 Complex Data Manipulation
3743 D.2.14 File Hierarchy Manipulation
D.2.15 Locale Configuration
D.2.16 Inter-User Communication
3744 D.2.17 System Environment
D.2.18 Printing
D.2.19 Software Development
D.2.20 Future Growth
3745 D.3 Profiling Considerations
D.3.1 Configuration Options
D.3.2 Configuration Options (Shell and Utilities)
3747 D.3.3 Configurable Limits
D.3.4 Configuration Options (System Interfaces)
3752 D.3.5 Configurable Limits
3755 D.3.6 Optional Behavior
3759 E Subprofiling Considerations (Informative)
E.1 Subprofiling Option Groups
3765 Index
3874 IEEE list of participants

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IEEE ISO IEC 9945 2009
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