IEEE N42.14 1991

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American National Standard Calibration and Use of Germanium Spectrometers for the Measurement of Gamma-Ray Emission Rates of Radionuclides

Published By	Publication Date	Number of Pages
IEEE	1991	72

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Description

New IEEE Standard – Active. Methods for the calibration and use of germanium spectrometers for the measurement of gamma-ray energies and emission rates over the energy range from 59 keV to approximately 3000 keV and for the calculation of source activities from these measurements are established. Minimum requirements for automated peak finding are stated. Methods for measuring the full-energy peak efficiency with calibrated sources are given. Performance tests that ascertain the proper functioning of the Ge spectrometer and evaluate the limitations of the algorithms used for locating and fitting single and multiple peaks are described. Methods for the measurement of and the correction for pulse pileup are suggested. Techniques are recommended for the inspection of spectral-analysis results for large errors resulting from summing of cascade gamma rays in the detector. Suggestions are provided for the establishment of data libraries for radionuclide identification, decay corrections, and the conversion of gamma-ray rates to decay rates

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PDF Pages	PDF Title
6	1 Introduction 2 Scope
10	3 Definitions Special Word Usage 3.2 Glossary
12	3.3 Symbols
13	4 Installation of Instrumentation
14	Calibration Procedures 5.1 Peak-Finding Algorithm Peak-Position and Area Measurement 5.3 Energy Calibration Efficiency Calibration Measurement
15	Standardization for Specific Radionuclides 5.4.2 Detector Efficiency as a Function of Energy Large Source-to-Detector Distances Small Source-to-Detector Distances
16	Reentrant (Marinelli) Beakers Efficiency Function or Lookup Table Gamma-Ray Measurements with Ge Spectrometers Measurement of Gamma-Ray Energies Measurement of Gamma-Ray Emission Rates and Radionuclide Activities
17	Full-Energy Peak Efficiency
18	Subtraction of Interference Peaks in the Background as a Function of Gamma-Ray Energy
19	6.2.2 Radioactive Decay Times for Decay Corrections
20	Radioactive Decay During the Counting Period Radioactive Decay Prior to the Counting Period Correction During the Sampling Time or the Irradiation Period Pulse Pileup (Random Summing)
21	Cascade (Coincidence) Summing 6.2.5 Attenuation Corrections
22	Absorption External to the Sample Absorption Within the Sample
23	Performance Tests of the Spectrometry System 7.1 MCA Clocks DC Offset and Pole-Zero Settings 7.3 Energy Calibration System Efficiency and Resolution
24	Pulse Pileup (Random Summing) 7.5.1 Test Performance Tests of the Analysis Software
25	Test of Automatic Peak-Finding Algorithm
26	Peak-Height-to-Baseline-Height Ratio
27	Measured Net-Peak Areas as a Function of the Baseline Height Deviation in Peak Area as a Function of Baseline Height
28	Test of the Doublet-Peak Finding and Fitting Algorithms
29	Deviation in Equally Sized Doublet Peak Areas for Different Separations
30	Deviation in Unequally Sized Doublet Peak Areas for Different Peak-Height Ratios
31	Verification of the Entire Analysis Process Assessment of the Magnitude of Cascade Summing
32	Cascade-Summing Corrections for a ls2Eu 591 keV Gamma Ray
33	9.1.1 Test Partial Ge Gamma-Ray Spectrum of NIST Long-Lived Mix
34	Bias in the Relative Full-Energy Peak Efficiency 9.2.1 Test Accuracy of the Full-Energy Peak Efficiency Radionuclide Identification
35	From Other Radionuclides Uncertainties and Uncertainty Propagation
36	Uncertainties Uncertainty Contributions
37	12 Conclusion 13 References
39	14 Bibliography
40	Procedures for Characterization of a Ge Gamma-Ray Spectrometer Adjustment of the Pole/Zero Cancellation and DC Level Adjustment of the Pole/Zero Cancellation Adjustment of the DC Level A1.3 Reference
41	Amplifier Output Pulses Showing Correct and Incorrect Pole-Zero Cancellation
42	Adjustment of the LLD ADC Zero and Initial Energy Scale Adjustment of the LLD Adjustment of the ADC Zero and Initial Energy Scale Adjustment of Energy Scale to Yield Energy Equation With Zero Intercept
43	Check of the MCA Elapsed-Time Clock A3.1 Instructions A3.2 Reference Measurement of the Energy Resolution and the Peak-to-Compton Ratio
44	Measurement of the Energy Resolution at 122 keV and 1332 keV A4.1 Distribution of FWHM of Spectral Peaks as a Function of Energy
45	Measurement of the Peak-to-Compton Ratio for 6oCo A4.3 Reference Correction for Losses Due to Counting Rate
46	A5.1 Source Method Specification of Times for Pulse Processing by an ADC
47	Live-Time Extension Method
48	Pulse-Pileup Correction as a Function of Integral Counting Rate
49	A5.3 Pulser Method
50	Preamplifier and Amplifier Pulse Shapes Resulting From Different Pulser Shapes
51	A5.4 Virtual Pulser and Add ï¬Nï¬‚ Counts Method
52	Measurement of the Full-Energy Peak Efficiency Curve for Specific Radionuclides
53	for Large Sample-to-Detector Distances Gamma-Ray Spectrum of a Mixed Radionuclide Standard
55	for Small Sample-to-Detector Distances Preparation of Working Standards From Standard Solutions Preparation of Solution Standards A7.1
56	Preparation of Soil Standards A7.2
57	Preparation of Filter Standards A7.3 A7.4 Reference Appendix A References
58	Mosaic Pattern of an Air-Filter Standard
59	Fitting Techniques
60	Measurement of Peak Position Net Area and Their Uncertainties Nonfitting Technique References Well-Resolved Peak With Continuum Baseline
62	Equations for the Correction of Cascade Gamma-Ray Summing Equations for Cascade-Summing Correction Factors Summing Corrections Factors for a Simple Decay Scheme
63	A Three-Transition Decay Scheme
64	the Decay of laEu
65	Partial Decay Scheme of laEu
67	C1.3 General Case
68	C1.4 References
69	Construction of Shields for Ge Spectrometers Construction Materials Shield Design Low- or High-Activity Level Samples Samples of the Same Size and Shape
70	References
71	Background Gamma-Ray Spectrum Taken With No Sample
72	Sample of Water

Additional information

Standard Title	American National Standard Calibration and Use of Germanium Spectrometers for the Measurement of Gamma-Ray Emission Rates of Radionuclides
Published Code	IEEE
Publication Date	1991
Pages Count	72

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IEEE N42.14 1991

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