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IEEE OpenGroup 1003.1 2017:2018 Edition

IEEE OpenGroup 1003.1 2017:2018 Edition

$366.67

IEEE Standard for Information Technology–Portable Operating System Interface (POSIX(R)) Base Specifications, Issue 7

Published By Publication Date Number of Pages
IEEE 2018 3951
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Revision Standard – Active. POSIX.1-2017 is simultaneously IEEE Std 1003.1-2017 and The Open Group Standard Base Specifications, Issue 7. POSIX.1-2017 defines a standard operating system interface and environment, including a command interpreter (or “shell”), and common utility programs to support applications portability at the source code level. POSIX.1-2017 is intended to be used by both application developers and system implementors and comprises four major components (each in an associated volume): • General terms, concepts, and interfaces common to all volumes of this standard, including utility conventions and C-language header definitions, are included in the Base Definitions volume. • Definitions for system service functions and subroutines, language-specific system services for the C programming language, function issues, including portability, error handling, and error recovery, are included in the System Interfaces volume. • Definitions for a standard source code-level interface to command interpretation services (a “shell”) and common utility programs for application programs are included in the Shell and Utilities volume. • Extended rationale that did not fit well into the rest of the document structure, which contains historical information concerning the contents of POSIX.1-201x and why features were included or discarded by the standard developers, is included in the Rationale (Informative) volume. The following areas are outside the scope of POSIX.1-201x: • Graphics interfaces • Database management system interfaces • Record I/O considerations • Object or binary code portability • System configuration and resource availability POSIX.1-2017 describes the external characteristics and facilities that are of importance to application developers, rathere than the internal construction techniques employed to achieve these capabilities. Special emphasis is placed on those functions and facilities that are needed in a wide variety of commercial applications.

PDF Catalog

PDF Pages PDF Title
1 IEEE Std 1003.1™-2017 Front Cover
2 Title Page
3 Abstract
6 Important Notices and Disclaimers Concerning IEEE Standards Documents
9 Participants
12 Introduction
19 Contents
48 XBD
50 1 Introduction
1.1 Scope
51 1.2 Conformance
1.3 Normative References
52 1.4 Change History
1.5 Terminology
53 1.6 Definitions and Concepts
1.7 Portability
54 1.7.1 Codes
60 1.7.2 Margin Code Notation
62 2 Conformance
2.1 Implementation Conformance
2.1.1 Requirements
63 2.1.2 Documentation
64 2.1.3 POSIX Conformance
66 2.1.4 XSI Conformance
67 2.1.5 Option Groups
73 2.1.6 Options
76 2.2 Application Conformance
2.2.1 Strictly Conforming POSIX Application
77 2.2.2 Conforming POSIX Application
2.2.3 Conforming POSIX Application Using Extensions
2.2.4 Strictly Conforming XSI Application
78 2.2.5 Conforming XSI Application Using Extensions
2.3 Language-Dependent Services for the C Programming Language
2.4 Other Language-Related Specifications
80 3 Definitions
3.1 Abortive Release
3.2 Absolute Pathname
3.3 Access Mode
3.4 Additional File Access Control Mechanism
3.5 Address Space
81 3.6 Advisory Information
3.7 Affirmative Response
3.8 Alert
3.9 Alert Character ()
3.10 Alias Name
3.11 Alignment
82 3.12 Alternate File Access Control Mechanism
3.13 Alternate Signal Stack
3.14 Ancillary Data
3.15 Angle Brackets
3.16 Apostrophe Character ()
83 3.17 Application
3.18 Application Address
3.19 Application Program Interface (API)
3.20 Appropriate Privileges
3.21 Argument
3.22 Arm (a Timer)
84 3.23 Asterisk Character ()
3.24 Async-Cancel-Safe Function
3.25 Asynchronous Events
3.26 Asynchronous Input and Output
3.27 Async-Signal-Safe Function
3.28 Asynchronously-Generated Signal
3.29 Asynchronous I/O Completion
85 3.30 Asynchronous I/O Operation
3.31 Authentication
3.32 Authorization
3.33 Background Job
3.34 Background Process
3.35 Background Process Group (or Background Job)
3.36 Backquote Character
3.37 Backslash Character ()
86 3.38 Backspace Character ()
3.39 Barrier
3.40 Basename
3.41 Basic Regular Expression (BRE)
3.42 Batch Access List
3.43 Batch Administrator
87 3.44 Batch Client
3.45 Batch Destination
3.46 Batch Destination Identifier
3.47 Batch Directive
3.48 Batch Job
88 3.49 Batch Job Attribute
3.50 Batch Job Identifier
3.51 Batch Job Name
3.52 Batch Job Owner
3.53 Batch Job Priority
3.54 Batch Job State
3.55 Batch Name Service
89 3.56 Batch Name Space
3.57 Batch Node
3.58 Batch Operator
3.59 Batch Queue
3.60 Batch Queue Attribute
3.61 Batch Queue Position
90 3.62 Batch Queue Priority
3.63 Batch Rerunability
3.64 Batch Restart
3.65 Batch Server
3.66 Batch Server Name
3.67 Batch Service
91 3.68 Batch Service Request
3.69 Batch Submission
3.70 Batch System
3.71 Batch Target User
3.72 Batch User
3.73 Bind
3.74 Blank Character ()
92 3.75 Blank Line
3.76 Blocked Process (or Thread)
3.77 Blocking
3.78 Block-Mode Terminal
3.79 Block Special File
3.80 Braces
3.81 Brackets
93 3.82 Broadcast
3.83 Built-In Utility (or Built-In)
3.84 Byte
3.85 Byte Input/Output Functions
3.86 Carriage-Return Character ()
94 3.87 Character
3.88 Character Array
3.89 Character Class
3.90 Character Set
3.91 Character Special File
3.92 Character String
95 3.93 Child Process
3.94 Circumflex Character ()
3.95 Clock
3.96 Clock Jump
3.97 Clock Tick
3.98 Coded Character Set
96 3.99 Codeset
3.100 Collating Element
3.101 Collation
3.102 Collation Sequence
97 3.103 Column Position
3.104 Command
3.105 Command Language Interpreter
3.106 Composite Graphic Symbol
3.107 Condition Variable
98 3.108 Connected Socket
3.109 Connection
3.110 Connection Mode
3.111 Connectionless Mode
3.112 Control Character
3.113 Control Operator
3.114 Controlling Process
99 3.115 Controlling Terminal
3.116 Conversion Descriptor
3.117 Core File
3.118 CPU Time (Execution Time)
3.119 CPU-Time Clock
3.120 CPU-Time Timer
3.121 Current Job
100 3.122 Current Working Directory
3.123 Cursor Position
3.124 Datagram
3.125 Data Segment
3.126 Deferred Batch Service
3.127 Device
3.128 Device ID
3.129 Directory
3.130 Directory Entry (or Link)
101 3.131 Directory Stream
3.132 Disarm (a Timer)
3.133 Display
3.134 Display Line
3.135 Dollar-Sign Character ()
3.136 Dot
102 3.137 Dot-Dot
3.138 Double-Quote Character
3.139 Downshifting
3.140 Driver
3.141 Effective Group ID
3.142 Effective User ID
3.143 Eight-Bit Transparency
103 3.144 Empty Directory
3.145 Empty Line
3.146 Empty String (or Null String)
3.147 Empty Wide-Character String
3.148 Encoding Rule
3.149 Entire Regular Expression
104 3.150 Epoch
3.151 Equivalence Class
3.152 Era
3.153 Event Management
3.154 Executable File
105 3.155 Execute
3.156 Execution Time
3.157 Execution Time Monitoring
3.158 Expand
3.159 Extended Regular Expression (ERE)
3.160 Extended Security Controls
106 3.161 Feature Test Macro
3.162 Field
3.163 FIFO Special File (or FIFO)
3.164 File
3.165 File Description
107 3.166 File Descriptor
3.167 File Group Class
3.168 File Mode
3.169 File Mode Bits
3.170 Filename
108 3.171 Filename String
3.172 File Offset
3.173 File Other Class
3.174 File Owner Class
3.175 File Permission Bits
3.176 File Serial Number
3.177 File System
109 3.178 File Type
3.179 Filter
3.180 First Open (of a File)
3.181 Flow Control
3.182 Foreground Job
3.183 Foreground Process
3.184 Foreground Process Group (or Foreground Job)
3.185 Foreground Process Group ID
110 3.186 Form-Feed Character ()
3.187 Graphic Character
3.188 Group Database
3.189 Group ID
3.190 Group Name
111 3.191 Hard Limit
3.192 Hard Link
3.193 Home Directory
3.194 Host Byte Order
3.195 Incomplete Line
3.196 Inf
3.197 Instrumented Application
112 3.198 Interactive Shell
3.199 Internationalization
3.200 Interprocess Communication
3.201 Invoke
3.202 Job
3.203 Job Control
113 3.204 Job Control Job ID
3.205 Last Close (of a File)
3.206 Line
3.207 Linger
3.208 Link
3.209 Link Count
3.210 Live Process
114 3.211 Local Customs
3.212 Local Interprocess Communication (Local IPC)
3.213 Locale
3.214 Localization
3.215 Login
3.216 Login Name
3.217 Map
115 3.218 Marked Message
3.219 Matched
3.220 Memory Mapped Files
3.221 Memory Object
3.222 Memory-Resident
116 3.223 Message
3.224 Message Catalog
3.225 Message Catalog Descriptor
3.226 Message Queue
3.227 Mode
3.228 Monotonic Clock
117 3.229 Mount Point
3.230 Multi-Character Collating Element
3.231 Multi-Threaded Library
3.232 Multi-Threaded Process
3.233 Multi-Threaded Program
3.234 Mutex
118 3.235 Name
3.236 Named STREAM
3.237 NaN (Not a Number)
3.238 Native Language
3.239 Negative Response
3.240 Network
3.241 Network Address
119 3.242 Network Byte Order
3.243 Newline Character ()
3.244 Nice Value
3.245 Non-Blocking
3.246 Non-Spacing Characters
120 3.247 NUL
3.248 Null Byte
3.249 Null Pointer
3.250 Null String
3.251 Null Wide-Character Code
3.252 Number-Sign Character ()
3.253 Object File
3.254 Octet
121 3.255 Offset Maximum
3.256 Opaque Address
3.257 Open File
3.258 Open File Description
3.259 Operand
3.260 Operator
122 3.261 Option
3.262 Option-Argument
3.263 Orientation
3.264 Orphaned Process Group
3.265 Page
3.266 Page Size
123 3.267 Parameter
3.268 Parent Directory
3.269 Parent Process
3.270 Parent Process ID
3.271 Pathname
124 3.272 Pathname Component
3.273 Path Prefix
3.274 Pattern
3.275 Period Character ()
125 3.276 Permissions
3.277 Persistence
3.278 Pipe
3.279 Polling
3.280 Portable Character Set
126 3.281 Portable Filename
3.282 Portable Filename Character Set
3.283 Positional Parameter
3.284 Preallocation
3.285 Preempted Process (or Thread)
3.286 Previous Job
127 3.287 Printable Character
3.288 Printable File
3.289 Priority
3.290 Priority Band
3.291 Priority Inversion
3.292 Priority Scheduling
3.293 Priority-Based Scheduling
128 3.294 Privilege
3.295 Process
3.296 Process Group
3.297 Process Group ID
3.298 Process Group Leader
3.299 Process Group Lifetime
129 3.300 Process ID
3.301 Process Lifetime
3.302 Process Memory Locking
3.303 Process Termination
3.304 Process-To-Process Communication
130 3.305 Process Virtual Time
3.306 Program
3.307 Protocol
3.308 Pseudo-Terminal
3.309 Radix Character
3.310 Read-Only File System
3.311 Read-Write Lock
131 3.312 Real Group ID
3.313 Real Time
3.314 Realtime Signal Extension
3.315 Real User ID
3.316 Record
3.317 Redirection
132 3.318 Redirection Operator
3.319 Referenced Shared Memory Object
3.320 Refresh
3.321 Regular Expression
3.322 Region
3.323 Regular File
133 3.324 Relative Pathname
3.325 Relocatable File
3.326 Relocation
3.327 Requested Batch Service
3.328 (Time) Resolution
3.329 Robust Mutex
3.330 Root Directory
3.331 Runnable Process (or Thread)
134 3.332 Running Process (or Thread)
3.333 Saved Resource Limits
3.334 Saved Set-Group-ID
3.335 Saved Set-User-ID
3.336 Scheduling
3.337 Scheduling Allocation Domain
3.338 Scheduling Contention Scope
135 3.339 Scheduling Policy
3.340 Screen
3.341 Scroll
3.342 Semaphore
136 3.343 Session
3.344 Session Leader
3.345 Session Lifetime
3.346 Shared Memory Object
3.347 Shell
3.348 Shell, the
137 3.349 Shell Script
3.350 Signal
3.351 Signal Stack
3.352 Single-Quote Character
3.353 Single-Threaded Process
3.354 Single-Threaded Program
138 3.355 Slash Character ()
3.356 Socket
3.357 Socket Address
3.358 Soft Limit
3.359 Source Code
139 3.360 Space Character ()
3.361 Spawn
3.362 Special Built-In
3.363 Special Parameter
3.364 Spin Lock
3.365 Sporadic Server
3.366 Standard Error
3.367 Standard Input
140 3.368 Standard Output
3.369 Standard Utilities
3.370 Stream
3.371 STREAM
3.372 STREAM End
3.373 STREAM Head
141 3.374 STREAMS Multiplexor
3.375 String
3.376 Subshell
3.377 Successfully Transferred
3.378 Supplementary Group ID
3.379 Suspended Job
142 3.380 Symbolic Constant
3.381 Symbolic Link
3.382 Synchronized Input and Output
3.383 Synchronized I/O Completion
3.384 Synchronized I/O Data Integrity Completion
143 3.385 Synchronized I/O File Integrity Completion
3.386 Synchronized I/O Operation
3.387 Synchronous I/O Operation
3.388 Synchronously-Generated Signal
3.389 System
3.390 System Boot
3.391 System Clock
144 3.392 System Console
3.393 System Crash
3.394 System Databases
3.395 System Documentation
3.396 System Process
3.397 System Reboot
3.398 System Trace Event
145 3.399 System-Wide
3.400 Tab Character ()
3.401 Terminal (or Terminal Device)
3.402 Text Column
3.403 Text File
146 3.404 Thread
3.405 Thread ID
3.406 Thread List
3.407 Thread-Safe
3.408 Thread-Specific Data Key
3.409 Tilde Character ()
147 3.410 Timeouts
3.411 Timer
3.412 Timer Overrun
3.413 Token
3.414 Trace Analyzer Process
3.415 Trace Controller Process
3.416 Trace Event
3.417 Trace Event Type
148 3.418 Trace Event Type Mapping
3.419 Trace Filter
3.420 Trace Generation Version
3.421 Trace Log
3.422 Trace Point
3.423 Trace Stream
3.424 Trace Stream Identifier
3.425 Trace System
149 3.426 Traced Process
3.427 Tracing Status of a Trace Stream
3.428 Typed Memory Name Space
3.429 Typed Memory Object
3.430 Typed Memory Pool
3.431 Typed Memory Port
3.432 Unbind
3.433 Unit Data
150 3.434 Upshifting
3.435 User Database
3.436 User ID
3.437 User Name
3.438 User Trace Event
151 3.439 Utility
3.440 Variable
3.441 Vertical-Tab Character ()
3.442 White Space
3.443 Wide-Character Code (C Language)
152 3.444 Wide-Character Input/Output Functions
3.445 Wide-Character String
3.446 Word
3.447 Working Directory (or Current Working Directory)
3.448 Worldwide Portability Interface
3.449 Write
3.450 XSI
153 3.451 XSI-Conformant
3.452 Zombie Process
3.453 Plus or Minus Zero
154 4 General Concepts
4.1 Concurrent Execution
4.2 Default Initialization
155 4.3 Directory Protection
4.4 Extended Security Controls
4.5 File Access Permissions
156 4.6 File Hierarchy
4.7 Filenames
4.8 Filename Portability
4.9 File Times Update
157 4.10 Host and Network Byte Orders
4.11 Measurement of Execution Time
158 4.12 Memory Synchronization
4.13 Pathname Resolution
160 4.14 Process ID Reuse
4.15 Scheduling Policy
4.16 Seconds Since the Epoch
161 4.17 Semaphore
4.18 Thread-Safety
162 4.19 Tracing
164 4.20 Treatment of Error Conditions for Mathematical Functions
4.20.1 Domain Error
4.20.2 Pole Error
165 4.20.3 Range Error
4.21 Treatment of NaN Arguments for the Mathematical Functions
166 4.22 Utility
4.23 Variable Assignment
168 5 File Format Notation
172 6 Character Set
6.1 Portable Character Set
175 6.2 Character Encoding
6.3 C Language Wide-Character Codes
176 6.4 Character Set Description File
180 6.4.1 State-Dependent Character Encodings
182 7 Locale
7.1 General
183 7.2 POSIX Locale
7.3 Locale Definition
186 7.3.1 LC_CTYPE
194 7.3.2 LC_COLLATE
202 7.3.3 LC_MONETARY
205 7.3.4 LC_NUMERIC
206 7.3.5 LC_TIME
212 7.3.6 LC_MESSAGES
213 7.4 Locale Definition Grammar
7.4.1 Locale Lexical Conventions
214 7.4.2 Locale Grammar
220 8 Environment Variables
8.1 Environment Variable Definition
221 8.2 Internationalization Variables
224 8.3 Other Environment Variables
228 9 Regular Expressions
9.1 Regular Expression Definitions
229 9.2 Regular Expression General Requirements
230 9.3 Basic Regular Expressions
9.3.1 BREs Matching a Single Character or Collating Element
9.3.2 BRE Ordinary Characters
9.3.3 BRE Special Characters
231 9.3.4 Periods in BREs
9.3.5 RE Bracket Expression
233 9.3.6 BREs Matching Multiple Characters
234 9.3.7 BRE Precedence
235 9.3.8 BRE Expression Anchoring
9.4 Extended Regular Expressions
9.4.1 EREs Matching a Single Character or Collating Element
9.4.2 ERE Ordinary Characters
236 9.4.3 ERE Special Characters
9.4.4 Periods in EREs
9.4.5 ERE Bracket Expression
237 9.4.6 EREs Matching Multiple Characters
238 9.4.7 ERE Alternation
9.4.8 ERE Precedence
9.4.9 ERE Expression Anchoring
239 9.5 Regular Expression Grammar
9.5.1 BRE/ERE Grammar Lexical Conventions
240 9.5.2 RE and Bracket Expression Grammar
242 9.5.3 ERE Grammar
244 10 Directory Structure and Devices
10.1 Directory Structure and Files
245 10.2 Output Devices and Terminal Types
246 11 General Terminal Interface
11.1 Interface Characteristics
11.1.1 Opening a Terminal Device File
247 11.1.2 Process Groups
11.1.3 The Controlling Terminal
248 11.1.4 Terminal Access Control
11.1.5 Input Processing and Reading Data
249 11.1.6 Canonical Mode Input Processing
11.1.7 Non-Canonical Mode Input Processing
250 11.1.8 Writing Data and Output Processing
251 11.1.9 Special Characters
252 11.1.10 Modem Disconnect
11.1.11 Closing a Terminal Device File
11.2 Parameters that Can be Set
11.2.1 The termios Structure
253 11.2.2 Input Modes
254 11.2.3 Output Modes
256 11.2.4 Control Modes
257 11.2.5 Local Modes
259 11.2.6 Special Control Characters
260 12 Utility Conventions
12.1 Utility Argument Syntax
263 12.2 Utility Syntax Guidelines
266 13 Headers
267
269
270
271
274
276
278
280
281
285
290
294
299
301
302
304
306
308
309
312
313
316
317
332
335
343
344
346
348
349
353
358
359
360
362
368
370
372
374
376
378
379
388
390
392
393
395
402
406
410
412
413
418
420
423
425
427
429
431
433
439
444
446
448
449
453
454
455
456
458
460
462
468
472
476
480
481
502
503
505
510
512
514 XSH
516 1 Introduction
1.1 Relationship to Other Formal Standards
1.2 Format of Entries
518 2 General Information
2.1 Use and Implementation of Interfaces
2.1.1 Use and Implementation of Functions
519 2.1.2 Use and Implementation of Macros
2.2 The Compilation Environment
2.2.1 POSIX.1 Symbols
520 2.2.2 The Name Space
528 2.3 Error Numbers
535 2.3.1 Additional Error Numbers
2.4 Signal Concepts
2.4.1 Signal Generation and Delivery
536 2.4.2 Realtime Signal Generation and Delivery
537 2.4.3 Signal Actions
542 2.4.4 Signal Effects on Other Functions
2.5 Standard I/O Streams
544 2.5.1 Interaction of File Descriptors and Standard I/O Streams
545 2.5.2 Stream Orientation and Encoding Rules
547 2.6 STREAMS
548 2.6.1 Accessing STREAMS
2.7 XSI Interprocess Communication
549 2.7.1 IPC General Description
550 2.8 Realtime
2.8.1 Realtime Signals
2.8.2 Asynchronous I/O
552 2.8.3 Memory Management
553 2.8.4 Process Scheduling
558 2.8.5 Clocks and Timers
559 2.9 Threads
560 2.9.1 Thread-Safety
2.9.2 Thread IDs
561 2.9.3 Thread Mutexes
562 2.9.4 Thread Scheduling
564 2.9.5 Thread Cancellation
568 2.9.6 Thread Read-Write Locks
569 2.9.7 Thread Interactions with Regular File Operations
2.9.8 Use of Application-Managed Thread Stacks
570 2.9.9 Synchronization Object Copies and Alternative Mappings
2.10 Sockets
2.10.1 Address Families
571 2.10.2 Addressing
2.10.3 Protocols
2.10.4 Routing
2.10.5 Interfaces
2.10.6 Socket Types
572 2.10.7 Socket I/O Mode
573 2.10.8 Socket Owner
2.10.9 Socket Queue Limits
2.10.10 Pending Error
2.10.11 Socket Receive Queue
574 2.10.12 Socket Out-of-Band Data State
2.10.13 Connection Indication Queue
2.10.14 Signals
2.10.15 Asynchronous Errors
575 2.10.16 Use of Options
578 2.10.17 Use of Sockets for Local UNIX Connections
579 2.10.18 Use of Sockets over Internet Protocols
2.10.19 Use of Sockets over Internet Protocols Based on IPv4
2.10.20 Use of Sockets over Internet Protocols Based on IPv6
583 2.11 Tracing
585 2.11.1 Tracing Data Definitions
589 2.11.2 Trace Event Type Definitions
593 2.11.3 Trace Functions
594 2.12 Data Types
2.12.1 Defined Types
595 2.12.2 The char Type
2.13 Status Information
596 2.14 File Descriptor Allocation
598 3 System Interfaces
599 FD_CLR
600 _Exit
606 _longjmp
608 _tolower
609 _toupper
610 a64l
612 abort
614 abs
615 accept
617 access
621 acos
623 acosh
625 acosl
626 aio_cancel
628 aio_error
630 aio_fsync
632 aio_read
635 aio_return
637 aio_suspend
639 aio_write
642 alarm
644 alphasort
647 asctime
650 asin
652 asinh
654 asinl
655 assert
656 atan
658 atan2
661 atanf
662 atanh
664 atanl
665 atexit
667 atof
668 atoi
670 atol
671 basename
673 bind
676 bsearch
679 btowc
680 cabs
681 cacos
682 cacosh
683 cacosl
684 calloc
686 carg
687 casin
688 casinh
689 casinl
690 catan
691 catanh
692 catanl
693 catclose
694 catgets
696 catopen
698 cbrt
699 ccos
700 ccosh
701 ccosl
702 ceil
704 cexp
705 cfgetispeed
707 cfgetospeed
708 cfsetispeed
709 cfsetospeed
710 chdir
712 chmod
717 chown
721 cimag
722 clearerr
723 clock
725 clock_getcpuclockid
726 clock_getres
730 clock_nanosleep
733 clock_settime
734 clog
735 close
739 closedir
741 closelog
745 confstr
748 conj
749 connect
752 copysign
753 cos
755 cosh
757 cosl
758 cpow
759 cproj
760 creal
761 creat
763 crypt
765 csin
766 csinh
767 csinl
768 csqrt
769 ctan
770 ctanh
771 ctanl
772 ctermid
774 ctime
776 daylight
777 dbm_clearerr
781 difftime
782 dirfd
783 dirname
785 div
786 dlclose
788 dlerror
790 dlopen
793 dlsym
795 dprintf
796 drand48
799 dup
801 duplocale
803 encrypt
805 endgrent
807 endhostent
809 endnetent
811 endprotoent
813 endpwent
816 endservent
818 endutxent
821 environ
822 erand48
823 erf
825 erfc
827 erff
828 errno
830 exec
843 exit
845 exp
847 exp2
849 expm1
851 fabs
853 faccessat
854 fattach
857 fchdir
858 fchmod
860 fchmodat
861 fchown
863 fchownat
864 fclose
867 fcntl
876 fdatasync
878 fdetach
880 fdim
882 fdopen
885 fdopendir
889 feclearexcept
890 fegetenv
891 fegetexceptflag
892 fegetround
894 feholdexcept
895 feof
896 feraiseexcept
897 ferror
898 fesetenv
899 fesetexceptflag
900 fesetround
901 fetestexcept
903 feupdateenv
905 fexecve
906 fflush
909 ffs
910 fgetc
912 fgetpos
914 fgets
916 fgetwc
918 fgetws
920 fileno
921 flockfile
923 floor
925 fma
927 fmax
928 fmemopen
931 fmin
932 fmod
934 fmtmsg
937 fnmatch
939 fopen
944 fork
949 fpathconf
955 fpclassify
956 fprintf
970 fputc
972 fputs
974 fputwc
976 fputws
978 fread
980 free
981 freeaddrinfo
987 freelocale
989 freopen
994 frexp
996 fscanf
1004 fseek
1007 fsetpos
1009 fstat
1012 fstatat
1018 fstatvfs
1021 fsync
1023 ftell
1025 ftok
1027 ftruncate
1029 ftrylockfile
1030 ftw
1033 funlockfile
1034 futimens
1038 fwide
1040 fwprintf
1048 fwrite
1050 fwscanf
1057 gai_strerror
1058 getaddrinfo
1059 getc
1060 getc_unlocked
1062 getchar
1063 getchar_unlocked
1064 getcwd
1067 getdate
1072 getdelim
1075 getegid
1076 getenv
1079 geteuid
1080 getgid
1081 getgrent
1082 getgrgid
1086 getgrnam
1089 getgroups
1091 gethostent
1092 gethostid
1093 gethostname
1094 getitimer
1096 getline
1097 getlogin
1100 getmsg
1104 getnameinfo
1107 getnetbyaddr
1108 getopt
1113 getpeername
1115 getpgid
1116 getpgrp
1117 getpid
1118 getpmsg
1119 getppid
1120 getpriority
1123 getprotobyname
1124 getpwent
1125 getpwnam
1129 getpwuid
1133 getrlimit
1136 getrusage
1138 gets
1140 getservbyname
1141 getsid
1142 getsockname
1144 getsockopt
1146 getsubopt
1150 gettimeofday
1151 getuid
1153 getutxent
1154 getwc
1155 getwchar
1156 glob
1160 gmtime
1162 grantpt
1164 hcreate
1167 htonl
1168 hypot
1170 iconv
1173 iconv_close
1174 iconv_open
1176 if_freenameindex
1177 if_indextoname
1178 if_nameindex
1179 if_nametoindex
1180 ilogb
1182 imaxabs
1183 imaxdiv
1184 inet_addr
1186 inet_ntop
1188 initstate
1190 insque
1193 ioctl
1205 isalnum
1207 isalpha
1209 isascii
1210 isastream
1211 isatty
1212 isblank
1214 iscntrl
1216 isdigit
1218 isfinite
1219 isgraph
1221 isgreater
1222 isgreaterequal
1223 isinf
1224 isless
1225 islessequal
1226 islessgreater
1227 islower
1230 isnan
1231 isnormal
1232 isprint
1234 ispunct
1236 isspace
1238 isunordered
1239 isupper
1241 iswalnum
1243 iswalpha
1245 iswblank
1247 iswcntrl
1249 iswctype
1252 iswdigit
1254 iswgraph
1256 iswlower
1258 iswprint
1260 iswpunct
1262 iswspace
1264 iswupper
1266 iswxdigit
1268 isxdigit
1270 j0
1272 jrand48
1273 kill
1276 killpg
1278 l64a
1279 labs
1280 lchown
1283 lcong48
1284 ldexp
1286 ldiv
1287 lfind
1288 lgamma
1290 link
1295 lio_listio
1299 listen
1301 llabs
1302 lldiv
1303 llrint
1305 llround
1307 localeconv
1312 localtime
1316 lockf
1319 log
1321 log10
1323 log1p
1325 log2
1327 logb
1329 logf
1330 longjmp
1332 lrand48
1333 lrint
1335 lround
1337 lsearch
1339 lseek
1341 lstat
1342 malloc
1344 mblen
1346 mbrlen
1348 mbrtowc
1350 mbsinit
1351 mbsrtowcs
1353 mbstowcs
1355 mbtowc
1357 memccpy
1358 memchr
1359 memcmp
1360 memcpy
1361 memmove
1362 memset
1363 mkdir
1366 mkdtemp
1369 mkfifo
1373 mknod
1377 mkstemp
1378 mktime
1381 mlock
1383 mlockall
1385 mmap
1393 modf
1395 mprotect
1397 mq_close
1398 mq_getattr
1400 mq_notify
1403 mq_open
1406 mq_receive
1409 mq_send
1411 mq_setattr
1413 mq_timedreceive
1414 mq_timedsend
1415 mq_unlink
1417 mrand48
1418 msgctl
1420 msgget
1422 msgrcv
1425 msgsnd
1428 msync
1431 munlock
1432 munlockall
1433 munmap
1435 nan
1436 nanosleep
1438 nearbyint
1439 newlocale
1442 nextafter
1444 nftw
1448 nice
1450 nl_langinfo
1453 nrand48
1454 ntohl
1455 open
1465 open_memstream
1467 openat
1468 opendir
1469 openlog
1470 optarg
1471 pathconf
1472 pause
1473 pclose
1475 perror
1477 pipe
1480 poll
1484 popen
1487 posix_fadvise
1489 posix_fallocate
1491 posix_madvise
1493 posix_mem_offset
1495 posix_memalign
1497 posix_openpt
1499 posix_spawn
1507 posix_spawn_file_actions_addclose
1510 posix_spawn_file_actions_adddup2
1512 posix_spawn_file_actions_addopen
1513 posix_spawn_file_actions_destroy
1515 posix_spawnattr_destroy
1517 posix_spawnattr_getflags
1519 posix_spawnattr_getpgroup
1521 posix_spawnattr_getschedparam
1523 posix_spawnattr_getschedpolicy
1525 posix_spawnattr_getsigdefault
1527 posix_spawnattr_getsigmask
1529 posix_spawnattr_init
1530 posix_spawnattr_setflags
1531 posix_spawnattr_setpgroup
1532 posix_spawnattr_setschedparam
1533 posix_spawnattr_setschedpolicy
1534 posix_spawnattr_setsigdefault
1535 posix_spawnattr_setsigmask
1536 posix_spawnp
1537 posix_trace_attr_destroy
1539 posix_trace_attr_getclockres
1541 posix_trace_attr_getinherited
1544 posix_trace_attr_getlogsize
1547 posix_trace_attr_getname
1548 posix_trace_attr_getstreamfullpolicy
1549 posix_trace_attr_getstreamsize
1550 posix_trace_attr_init
1551 posix_trace_attr_setinherited
1552 posix_trace_attr_setlogsize
1553 posix_trace_attr_setname
1554 posix_trace_attr_setstreamfullpolicy
1555 posix_trace_attr_setstreamsize
1556 posix_trace_clear
1558 posix_trace_close
1560 posix_trace_create
1564 posix_trace_event
1566 posix_trace_eventid_equal
1568 posix_trace_eventid_open
1569 posix_trace_eventset_add
1571 posix_trace_eventtypelist_getnext_id
1573 posix_trace_flush
1574 posix_trace_get_attr
1576 posix_trace_get_filter
1578 posix_trace_get_status
1579 posix_trace_getnext_event
1582 posix_trace_open
1583 posix_trace_set_filter
1584 posix_trace_shutdown
1585 posix_trace_start
1587 posix_trace_timedgetnext_event
1588 posix_trace_trid_eventid_open
1589 posix_trace_trygetnext_event
1590 posix_typed_mem_get_info
1592 posix_typed_mem_open
1595 pow
1598 pread
1599 printf
1600 pselect
1605 psiginfo
1607 pthread_atfork
1610 pthread_attr_destroy
1613 pthread_attr_getdetachstate
1615 pthread_attr_getguardsize
1618 pthread_attr_getinheritsched
1620 pthread_attr_getschedparam
1622 pthread_attr_getschedpolicy
1624 pthread_attr_getscope
1626 pthread_attr_getstack
1629 pthread_attr_getstacksize
1631 pthread_attr_init
1632 pthread_attr_setdetachstate
1633 pthread_attr_setguardsize
1634 pthread_attr_setinheritsched
1635 pthread_attr_setschedparam
1636 pthread_attr_setschedpolicy
1637 pthread_attr_setscope
1638 pthread_attr_setstack
1639 pthread_attr_setstacksize
1640 pthread_barrier_destroy
1642 pthread_barrier_wait
1644 pthread_barrierattr_destroy
1646 pthread_barrierattr_getpshared
1648 pthread_barrierattr_init
1649 pthread_barrierattr_setpshared
1650 pthread_cancel
1652 pthread_cleanup_pop
1657 pthread_cond_broadcast
1660 pthread_cond_destroy
1663 pthread_cond_signal
1664 pthread_cond_timedwait
1671 pthread_condattr_destroy
1673 pthread_condattr_getclock
1675 pthread_condattr_getpshared
1677 pthread_condattr_init
1678 pthread_condattr_setclock
1679 pthread_condattr_setpshared
1680 pthread_create
1683 pthread_detach
1685 pthread_equal
1686 pthread_exit
1688 pthread_getconcurrency
1690 pthread_getcpuclockid
1691 pthread_getschedparam
1694 pthread_getspecific
1696 pthread_join
1699 pthread_key_create
1702 pthread_key_delete
1704 pthread_kill
1706 pthread_mutex_consistent
1708 pthread_mutex_destroy
1714 pthread_mutex_getprioceiling
1717 pthread_mutex_init
1718 pthread_mutex_lock
1722 pthread_mutex_setprioceiling
1723 pthread_mutex_timedlock
1726 pthread_mutex_trylock
1727 pthread_mutexattr_destroy
1732 pthread_mutexattr_getprioceiling
1734 pthread_mutexattr_getprotocol
1737 pthread_mutexattr_getpshared
1739 pthread_mutexattr_getrobust
1741 pthread_mutexattr_gettype
1743 pthread_mutexattr_init
1744 pthread_mutexattr_setprioceiling
1745 pthread_mutexattr_setprotocol
1746 pthread_mutexattr_setpshared
1747 pthread_mutexattr_setrobust
1748 pthread_mutexattr_settype
1749 pthread_once
1751 pthread_rwlock_destroy
1754 pthread_rwlock_rdlock
1757 pthread_rwlock_timedrdlock
1759 pthread_rwlock_timedwrlock
1761 pthread_rwlock_tryrdlock
1762 pthread_rwlock_trywrlock
1764 pthread_rwlock_unlock
1766 pthread_rwlock_wrlock
1767 pthread_rwlockattr_destroy
1769 pthread_rwlockattr_getpshared
1771 pthread_rwlockattr_init
1772 pthread_rwlockattr_setpshared
1773 pthread_self
1774 pthread_setcancelstate
1776 pthread_setconcurrency
1777 pthread_setschedparam
1778 pthread_setschedprio
1780 pthread_setspecific
1781 pthread_sigmask
1785 pthread_spin_destroy
1787 pthread_spin_lock
1789 pthread_spin_unlock
1791 pthread_testcancel
1792 ptsname
1794 putc
1795 putc_unlocked
1796 putchar
1797 putchar_unlocked
1798 putenv
1800 putmsg
1804 puts
1806 pututxline
1807 putwc
1808 putwchar
1809 pwrite
1810 qsort
1812 raise
1814 rand
1817 random
1818 read
1825 readdir
1830 readlink
1833 readv
1835 realloc
1837 realpath
1840 recv
1843 recvfrom
1846 recvmsg
1849 regcomp
1856 remainder
1858 remove
1860 remque
1861 remquo
1863 rename
1868 rewind
1869 rewinddir
1870 rint
1872 rmdir
1875 round
1876 scalbln
1878 scandir
1879 scanf
1880 sched_get_priority_max
1881 sched_getparam
1882 sched_getscheduler
1883 sched_rr_get_interval
1884 sched_setparam
1886 sched_setscheduler
1888 sched_yield
1889 seed48
1890 seekdir
1892 select
1893 sem_close
1895 sem_destroy
1896 sem_getvalue
1898 sem_init
1900 sem_open
1903 sem_post
1905 sem_timedwait
1909 sem_trywait
1911 sem_unlink
1913 sem_wait
1914 semctl
1917 semget
1919 semop
1924 send
1927 sendmsg
1931 sendto
1935 setbuf
1937 setegid
1938 setenv
1940 seteuid
1941 setgid
1943 setgrent
1944 sethostent
1945 setitimer
1946 setjmp
1948 setkey
1949 setlocale
1954 setlogmask
1955 setnetent
1956 setpgid
1959 setpgrp
1960 setpriority
1961 setprotoent
1962 setpwent
1963 setregid
1965 setreuid
1967 setrlimit
1968 setservent
1969 setsid
1971 setsockopt
1973 setstate
1974 setuid
1977 setutxent
1978 setvbuf
1980 shm_open
1985 shm_unlink
1987 shmat
1989 shmctl
1991 shmdt
1993 shmget
1995 shutdown
1997 sigaction
2004 sigaddset
2005 sigaltstack
2007 sigdelset
2008 sigemptyset
2010 sigfillset
2011 sighold
2014 siginterrupt
2016 sigismember
2017 siglongjmp
2018 signal
2021 signbit
2022 signgam
2023 sigpause
2024 sigpending
2025 sigprocmask
2026 sigqueue
2028 sigrelse
2029 sigsetjmp
2031 sigsuspend
2033 sigtimedwait
2037 sigwait
2039 sigwaitinfo
2040 sin
2042 sinh
2044 sinl
2045 sleep
2048 snprintf
2049 sockatmark
2051 socket
2053 socketpair
2055 sprintf
2056 sqrt
2058 srand
2059 srand48
2060 srandom
2061 sscanf
2062 stat
2063 statvfs
2064 stdin
2066 stpcpy
2067 stpncpy
2068 strcasecmp
2070 strcat
2071 strchr
2072 strcmp
2074 strcoll
2076 strcpy
2079 strcspn
2080 strdup
2082 strerror
2086 strfmon
2091 strftime
2100 strlen
2102 strncasecmp
2103 strncat
2104 strncmp
2105 strncpy
2107 strndup
2108 strnlen
2109 strpbrk
2110 strptime
2115 strrchr
2116 strsignal
2117 strspn
2118 strstr
2119 strtod
2123 strtoimax
2125 strtok
2128 strtol
2131 strtold
2132 strtoll
2133 strtoul
2136 strtoumax
2137 strxfrm
2139 swab
2140 swprintf
2141 swscanf
2142 symlink
2145 sync
2146 sysconf
2153 syslog
2154 system
2159 tan
2162 tanh
2164 tanl
2165 tcdrain
2167 tcflow
2169 tcflush
2171 tcgetattr
2173 tcgetpgrp
2175 tcgetsid
2176 tcsendbreak
2178 tcsetattr
2181 tcsetpgrp
2183 tdelete
2188 telldir
2189 tempnam
2191 tfind
2192 tgamma
2195 time
2198 timer_create
2201 timer_delete
2202 timer_getoverrun
2205 times
2208 timezone
2209 tmpfile
2211 tmpnam
2213 toascii
2214 tolower
2216 toupper
2218 towctrans
2220 towlower
2222 towupper
2224 trunc
2225 truncate
2227 truncf
2228 tsearch
2229 ttyname
2231 twalk
2232 tzset
2234 ulimit
2236 umask
2238 uname
2240 ungetc
2242 ungetwc
2244 unlink
2250 unlockpt
2251 unsetenv
2252 uselocale
2254 utime
2257 utimensat
2258 va_arg
2259 vfprintf
2261 vfscanf
2262 vfwprintf
2264 vfwscanf
2265 vprintf
2266 vscanf
2267 vsnprintf
2268 vsscanf
2269 vswprintf
2270 vswscanf
2271 vwprintf
2272 vwscanf
2273 wait
2283 waitid
2286 waitpid
2287 wcpcpy
2288 wcpncpy
2289 wcrtomb
2291 wcscasecmp
2293 wcscat
2294 wcschr
2295 wcscmp
2296 wcscoll
2298 wcscpy
2299 wcscspn
2300 wcsdup
2301 wcsftime
2303 wcslen
2304 wcsncasecmp
2305 wcsncat
2306 wcsncmp
2307 wcsncpy
2309 wcsnlen
2310 wcsnrtombs
2311 wcspbrk
2312 wcsrchr
2313 wcsrtombs
2315 wcsspn
2316 wcsstr
2317 wcstod
2321 wcstoimax
2322 wcstok
2324 wcstol
2327 wcstold
2328 wcstoll
2329 wcstombs
2331 wcstoul
2334 wcstoumax
2335 wcswidth
2336 wcsxfrm
2338 wctob
2339 wctomb
2341 wctrans
2343 wctype
2345 wcwidth
2346 wmemchr
2347 wmemcmp
2348 wmemcpy
2349 wmemmove
2350 wmemset
2351 wordexp
2356 wprintf
2357 write
2366 writev
2368 wscanf
2369 y0
2372 XCU
2374 1 Introduction
1.1 Relationship to Other Documents
1.1.1 System Interfaces
2378 1.1.2 Concepts Derived from the ISO C Standard
2380 1.2 Utility Limits
2382 1.3 Grammar Conventions
2383 1.4 Utility Description Defaults
2390 1.5 Considerations for Utilities in Support of Files of Arbitrary Size
2391 1.6 Built-In Utilities
2392 2 Shell Command Language
2.1 Shell Introduction
2393 2.2 Quoting
2.2.1 Escape Character (Backslash)
2.2.2 Single-Quotes
2.2.3 Double-Quotes
2394 2.3 Token Recognition
2395 2.3.1 Alias Substitution
2396 2.4 Reserved Words
2.5 Parameters and Variables
2.5.1 Positional Parameters
2397 2.5.2 Special Parameters
2398 2.5.3 Shell Variables
2400 2.6 Word Expansions
2401 2.6.1 Tilde Expansion
2.6.2 Parameter Expansion
2404 2.6.3 Command Substitution
2405 2.6.4 Arithmetic Expansion
2406 2.6.5 Field Splitting
2407 2.6.6 Pathname Expansion
2.6.7 Quote Removal
2.7 Redirection
2408 2.7.1 Redirecting Input
2.7.2 Redirecting Output
2.7.3 Appending Redirected Output
2409 2.7.4 Here-Document
2410 2.7.5 Duplicating an Input File Descriptor
2.7.6 Duplicating an Output File Descriptor
2.7.7 Open File Descriptors for Reading and Writing
2.8 Exit Status and Errors
2.8.1 Consequences of Shell Errors
2411 2.8.2 Exit Status for Commands
2412 2.9 Shell Commands
2.9.1 Simple Commands
2415 2.9.2 Pipelines
2416 2.9.3 Lists
2418 2.9.4 Compound Commands
2421 2.9.5 Function Definition Command
2422 2.10 Shell Grammar
2.10.1 Shell Grammar Lexical Conventions
2.10.2 Shell Grammar Rules
2428 2.11 Signals and Error Handling
2.12 Shell Execution Environment
2429 2.13 Pattern Matching Notation
2.13.1 Patterns Matching a Single Character
2430 2.13.2 Patterns Matching Multiple Characters
2.13.3 Patterns Used for Filename Expansion
2431 2.14 Special Built-In Utilities
2433 break
2436 colon
2438 continue
2440 dot
2442 eval
2444 exec
2446 exit
2448 export
2451 readonly
2454 return
2456 set
2463 shift
2465 times
2467 trap
2471 unset
2474 3 Batch Environment Services
3.1 General Concepts
3.1.1 Batch Client-Server Interaction
2475 3.1.2 Batch Queues
3.1.3 Batch Job Creation
3.1.4 Batch Job Tracking
2476 3.1.5 Batch Job Routing
3.1.6 Batch Job Execution
2477 3.1.7 Batch Job Exit
3.1.8 Batch Job Abort
3.1.9 Batch Authorization
3.1.10 Batch Administration
2478 3.1.11 Batch Notification
3.2 Batch Services
2479 3.2.1 Batch Job States
2480 3.2.2 Deferred Batch Services
2489 3.2.3 Requested Batch Services
2496 3.3 Common Behavior for Batch Environment Utilities
3.3.1 Batch Job Identifier
2497 3.3.2 Destination
2498 3.3.3 Multiple Keyword-Value Pairs
2500 4 Utilities
2501 admin
2506 alias
2509 ar
2517 asa
2520 at
2529 awk
2565 basename
2568 batch
2571 bc
2586 bg
2589 c99
2601 cal
2604 cat
2608 cd
2613 cflow
2616 chgrp
2619 chmod
2626 chown
2630 cksum
2635 cmp
2639 comm
2643 command
2649 compress
2652 cp
2660 crontab
2664 csplit
2668 ctags
2673 cut
2678 cxref
2681 date
2688 dd
2697 delta
2701 df
2705 diff
2714 dirname
2717 du
2721 echo
2724 ed
2740 env
2744 ex
2817 expand
2820 expr
2825 false
2827 fc
2833 fg
2835 file
2843 find
2853 fold
2857 fort77
2863 fuser
2866 gencat
2870 get
2878 getconf
2884 getopts
2889 grep
2894 hash
2897 head
2900 iconv
2904 id
2908 ipcrm
2910 ipcs
2917 jobs
2921 join
2926 kill
2931 lex
2943 link
2945 ln
2950 locale
2956 localedef
2960 logger
2963 logname
2965 lp
2970 ls
2980 m4
2990 mailx
3016 make
3039 man
3043 mesg
3046 mkdir
3049 mkfifo
3052 more
3064 mv
3070 newgrp
3074 nice
3078 nl
3082 nm
3087 nohup
3091 od
3099 paste
3103 patch
3110 pathchk
3115 pax
3154 pr
3159 printf
3165 prs
3170 ps
3177 pwd
3180 qalter
3190 qdel
3193 qhold
3196 qmove
3199 qmsg
3202 qrerun
3205 qrls
3208 qselect
3217 qsig
3220 qstat
3225 qsub
3238 read
3241 renice
3245 rm
3250 rmdel
3252 rmdir
3255 sact
3258 sccs
3263 sed
3273 sh
3291 sleep
3294 sort
3302 split
3306 strings
3309 strip
3311 stty
3320 tabs
3324 tail
3328 talk
3332 tee
3335 test
3344 time
3348 touch
3354 tput
3357 tr
3364 true
3366 tsort
3369 tty
3371 type
3373 ulimit
3375 umask
3379 unalias
3381 uname
3384 uncompress
3387 unexpand
3390 unget
3393 uniq
3398 unlink
3400 uucp
3404 uudecode
3407 uuencode
3412 uustat
3415 uux
3419 val
3422 vi
3477 wait
3481 wc
3484 what
3487 who
3491 write
3494 xargs
3501 yacc
3518 zcat
3520 XRAT
3524 A Rationale for Base Definitions
A.1 Introduction
A.1.1 Scope
3527 A.1.2 Conformance
A.1.3 Normative References
A.1.4 Change History
A.1.5 Terminology
3529 A.1.6 Definitions and Concepts
A.1.7 Portability
3530 A.2 Conformance
A.2.1 Implementation Conformance
3534 A.2.2 Application Conformance
A.2.3 Language-Dependent Services for the C Programming Language
3535 A.2.4 Other Language-Related Specifications
A.3 Definitions
3558 A.4 General Concepts
A.4.1 Concurrent Execution
A.4.2 Default Initialization
A.4.3 Directory Protection
A.4.4 Extended Security Controls
A.4.5 File Access Permissions
3559 A.4.6 File Hierarchy
A.4.7 Filenames
3561 A.4.8 Filename Portability
A.4.9 File Times Update
A.4.10 Host and Network Byte Order
A.4.11 Measurement of Execution Time
3562 A.4.12 Memory Synchronization
3563 A.4.13 Pathname Resolution
3565 A.4.14 Process ID Reuse
A.4.15 Scheduling Policy
A.4.16 Seconds Since the Epoch
3566 A.4.17 Semaphore
3567 A.4.18 Thread-Safety
A.4.19 Tracing
A.4.20 Treatment of Error Conditions for Mathematical Functions
A.4.21 Treatment of NaN Arguments for Mathematical Functions
A.4.22 Utility
A.4.23 Variable Assignment
A.5 File Format Notation
3568 A.6 Character Set
A.6.1 Portable Character Set
3569 A.6.2 Character Encoding
A.6.3 C Language Wide-Character Codes
A.6.4 Character Set Description File
3572 A.7 Locale
A.7.1 General
A.7.2 POSIX Locale
3573 A.7.3 Locale Definition
3580 A.7.4 Locale Definition Grammar
A.7.5 Locale Definition Example
3584 A.8 Environment Variables
A.8.1 Environment Variable Definition
A.8.2 Internationalization Variables
3585 A.8.3 Other Environment Variables
3586 A.9 Regular Expressions
3587 A.9.1 Regular Expression Definitions
3588 A.9.2 Regular Expression General Requirements
3589 A.9.3 Basic Regular Expressions
3592 A.9.4 Extended Regular Expressions
3593 A.9.5 Regular Expression Grammar
3594 A.10 Directory Structure and Devices
A.10.1 Directory Structure and Files
3595 A.10.2 Output Devices and Terminal Types
A.11 General Terminal Interface
3596 A.11.1 Interface Characteristics
3600 A.11.2 Parameters that Can be Set
3601 A.12 Utility Conventions
A.12.1 Utility Argument Syntax
3602 A.12.2 Utility Syntax Guidelines
3605 A.13 Headers
A.13.1 Format of Entries
A.13.2 Removed Headers in Issue 7
3608 B Rationale for System Interfaces
B.1 Introduction
B.1.1 Change History
3611 B.1.2 Relationship to Other Formal Standards
B.1.3 Format of Entries
3612 B.2 General Information
B.2.1 Use and Implementation of Interfaces
3613 B.2.2 The Compilation Environment
3618 B.2.3 Error Numbers
3622 B.2.4 Signal Concepts
3632 B.2.5 Standard I/O Streams
3633 B.2.6 STREAMS
B.2.7 XSI Interprocess Communication
3634 B.2.8 Realtime
3680 B.2.9 Threads
3708 B.2.10 Sockets
3711 B.2.11 Tracing
3736 B.2.12 Data Types
3738 B.2.13 Status Information
B.2.14 File Descriptor Allocation
B.3 System Interfaces
B.3.1 System Interfaces Removed in this Version
3741 B.3.2 System Interfaces Removed in the Previous Version
B.3.3 Examples for Spawn
3754 C Rationale for Shell and Utilities
C.1 Introduction
C.1.1 Change History
3755 C.1.2 Relationship to Other Documents
3756 C.1.3 Utility Limits
3759 C.1.4 Grammar Conventions
C.1.5 Utility Description Defaults
3763 C.1.6 Considerations for Utilities in Support of Files of Arbitrary Size
C.1.7 Built-In Utilities
3765 C.2 Shell Command Language
C.2.1 Shell Introduction
C.2.2 Quoting
3767 C.2.3 Token Recognition
3768 C.2.4 Reserved Words
C.2.5 Parameters and Variables
3774 C.2.6 Word Expansions
3782 C.2.7 Redirection
3784 C.2.8 Exit Status and Errors
3785 C.2.9 Shell Commands
3793 C.2.10 Shell Grammar
3794 C.2.11 Signals and Error Handling
C.2.12 Shell Execution Environment
3795 C.2.13 Pattern Matching Notation
3796 C.2.14 Special Built-In Utilities
C.3 Batch Environment Services and Utilities
3800 C.3.1 Batch General Concepts
3802 C.3.2 Batch Services
3803 C.3.3 Common Behavior for Batch Environment Utilities
C.4 Utilities
C.4.1 Utilities Removed in this Version
C.4.2 Utilities Removed in the Previous Version
C.4.3 Exclusion of Utilities
3810 D Portability Considerations (Informative)
D.1 User Requirements
3811 D.1.1 Configuration Interrogation
D.1.2 Process Management
D.1.3 Access to Data
D.1.4 Access to the Environment
D.1.5 Access to Determinism and Performance Enhancements
3812 D.1.6 Operating System-Dependent Profile
D.1.7 I/O Interaction
D.1.8 Internationalization Interaction
D.1.9 C-Language Extensions
D.1.10 Command Language
D.1.11 Interactive Facilities
D.1.12 Accomplish Multiple Tasks Simultaneously
3813 D.1.13 Complex Data Manipulation
D.1.14 File Hierarchy Manipulation
D.1.15 Locale Configuration
D.1.16 Inter-User Communication
D.1.17 System Environment
D.1.18 Printing
D.1.19 Software Development
3814 D.2 Portability Capabilities
D.2.1 Configuration Interrogation
3815 D.2.2 Process Management
D.2.3 Access to Data
3816 D.2.4 Access to the Environment
3817 D.2.5 Bounded (Realtime) Response
D.2.6 Operating System-Dependent Profile
D.2.7 I/O Interaction
3818 D.2.8 Internationalization Interaction
D.2.9 C-Language Extensions
D.2.10 Command Language
3819 D.2.11 Interactive Facilities
D.2.12 Accomplish Multiple Tasks Simultaneously
D.2.13 Complex Data Manipulation
3820 D.2.14 File Hierarchy Manipulation
D.2.15 Locale Configuration
D.2.16 Inter-User Communication
3821 D.2.17 System Environment
D.2.18 Printing
D.2.19 Software Development
D.2.20 Future Growth
3822 D.3 Profiling Considerations
D.3.1 Configuration Options
D.3.2 Configuration Options (Shell and Utilities)
3824 D.3.3 Configurable Limits
D.3.4 Configuration Options (System Interfaces)
3829 D.3.5 Configurable Limits
3832 D.3.6 Optional Behavior
3836 E Subprofiling Considerations (Informative)
E.1 Subprofiling Option Groups
3842 Index
3951 Back Cover

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