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NFPA 921 11:2011 Edition

$80.71

NFPA 921: Guide for Fire and Explosion Investigations

Published By Publication Date Number of Pages
NFPA 2011 347
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New coverage in the 2011 NFPA 921 guides fire investigators through a complex process. Updated based on recent court cases, scientific data, and trends, the 2011 edition of NFPA 921: Guide for Fire & Explosion Investigations presents the information you need for reliable field work and conclusions that hold up in a court of law. Major revisions give fire investigators, litigators, and insurance professionals more comprehensive and effective guidance for today’s world. Major revisions in NFPA 921 help you render opinions that stand up to scrutiny:     * An all-new section on Report Review Procedure in Chapter 4 outlines the review process in fire investigation and discusses peer vs. technical review.     * Rewritten Chapter 18, Cause helps ensure fire investigators use scientific methodology when developing hypotheses, to avoid Daubert challenges resulting from the absence of supportive evidence, commonly known as “negative corpus.”     * Revised Chapter 21, Explosions includes a critical update of the science and technology affiliated with explosions, along with new illustrations and photos.     * Rewritten Chapter 23, Fire Deaths and Injuries explains how medical reports such as blood tests and tissue samples can help investigators determine fire origin and cause. Learn when to request toxicology reports and how to interpret findings.     * Chapter 25, Motor Vehicle Fires introduces expanded sections covering recreational vehicles and agricultural equipment. Only the 2011 NFPA 921 includes complete data on all types of vehicles, including electric/hybrids.     * Revised Chapter 26, Wildfires has new visuals to assist personnel charged with investigations involving this growing fire problem.     * Updated Chapter 12, Safety explores major risks and covers PPE and other safety protocols that protect fire investigators on the job. Use the 2011 NFPA 921’s total system for safe and accurate fire investigations. The 2011 NFPA 921 addresses everything from basic methodology to collecting evidence to failure analysis. Guidelines cover all types of incidents from residential fires to management of complex investigations such as high-rise fires and industrial plant explosions. The latest edition is essential for fire service members, bomb/arson and forensic specialists, insurance professionals, attorneys, and trainers.

PDF Catalog

PDF Pages PDF Title
2 Important Notices and Disclaimers
3 Additional Notices and Disclaimers
4 2.1 General
2.2 NFPA Publications
11 Chapter 1 Administration
1.1 Scope.
1.2 Purpose
1.3 Application
1.4 Units of Measure
12 Chapter 2 Referenced Publications
2.3 Other Publications
15 2.4 References for Extracts in Advisory Sections
Chapter 3 Definitions
3.1 General
3.2 NFPA Official Definitions
3.3 General Definitions
20 Chapter 4 Basic Methodology
4.1 Nature of Fire Investigations.
4.2 Systematic Approach
4.3 Relating Fire Investigation to the Scientific Method
21 4.4 Basic Method of a Fire Investigation
22 4.5 Level of Certainty
4.6 Review Procedure
23 4.7 Reporting Procedure
Chapter 5 Basic Fire Science
5.1 Introduction
24 5.2 Fire Chemistry
25 5.3 Products of Combustion
5.4 Fluid Flows
5.5 Heat Transfer
27 5.6 Fuel Load, Fuel Packages, and Properties of Flames
32 5.7 Ignition
38 5.8 Flame Spread
41 5.9 Fire Spread in a Compartment
5.10 Compartment Fire Development
45 5.11 Fire Spread Between Compartments
46 5.12 Paths of Smoke Spread in Buildings
Chapter 6 Fire Patterns
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Fire Effects
55 6.3 Fire Patterns
66 6.4 Fire Pattern Analysis
67 Chapter 7 Building Systems
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Features of Design, Construction, and Structural Elements in Evaluating Fire Development
69 7.3 Types of Construction
72 7.4 Construction Assemblies
73 Chapter 8 Electricity and Fire
8.1 Introduction
74 8.2 Basic Electricity
78 8.3 Building Electrical Systems
79 8.4 Service Equipment
8.5 Grounding
80 8.6 Overcurrent Protection
84 8.7 Branch Circuits
86 8.8 Outlets and Devices
8.9 Ignition by Electrical Energy
88 8.10 Interpreting Damage to Electrical Systems
93 8.11 Identification of Arc Melting of Electrical Conductors
94 8.12 Static Electricity
97 Chapter 9 Building Fuel Gas Systems
9.1 Introduction.
98 9.2 Fuel Gases.
99 9.3 Natural Gas Systems
9.4 LP-Gas Systems
100 9.5 Common Fuel Gas System Components
101 9.6 Common Piping in Buildings
102 9.7 Common Appliance and Equipment Requirements
9.8 Common Fuel Gas Utilization Equipment
103 9.9 Investigating Fuel Gas Systems Incidents
107 Chapter 10 Fire-Related Human Behavior
10.1 Introduction
10.2 History of Research
108 10.3 General Considerations of Human Responses to Fires
109 10.4 Factors Related to Fire Initiation
111 10.5 Children and Fire
10.6 Incendiary Fires
10.7 Human Factors Related to Fire Spread
10.8 Recognition and Response to Fires
Chapter 11 Legal Considerations
11.1 Introduction
112 11.2 Constitutional Considerations
11.3 Legal Considerations During the Investigation
114 11.4 Pretrial Legal Considerations
115 11.5 Trials
119 Chapter 12 Safety
12.1 General
121 12.2 General Fire Scene Safety
122 12.3 Fire Scene Hazards
124 12.4 Safety Plans.
125 12.5 Chemical and Contaminant Exposure
126 12.6 Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
127 12.7 Emergency Action Plans
12.8 Post-Scene Safety Activities
12.9 Safety in Off-Scene Investigation Activities
128 12.10 Special Hazards
12.11 Factors Influencing Scene Safety
129 Chapter 13 Sources of Information
13.1 General
13.2 Legal Considerations
13.3 Forms of Information
13.4 Interviews
130 13.5 Governmental Sources of Information
133 13.6 Private Sources of Information
134 13.7 Conclusion
Chapter 14 Planning the Investigation
14.1 Introduction
14.2 Basic Incident Information
135 14.3 Organizing the Investigation Functions
14.4 Pre-Investigation Team Meeting
136 14.5 Specialized Personnel and Technical Consultants
137 14.6 Case Management
Chapter 15 Documentation of the Investigation
15.1 Introduction
15.2 Photography
143 15.3 Note Taking
144 15.4 Diagrams and Drawings
149 15.5 Reports
150 Chapter 16 Physical Evidence
16.1 General
16.2 Physical Evidence
16.3 Preservation of the Fire Scene and Physical Evidence
151 16.4 Contamination of Physical Evidence
152 16.5 Methods of Collection
154 16.6 Evidence Containers
155 16.7 Identification of Physical Evidence
156 16.8 Transportation and Storage of Physical Evidence
16.9 Chain of Custody of Physical Evidence
16.10 Examination and Testing of Physical Evidence
160 16.11 Evidence Disposition
Chapter 17 Origin Determination
17.1 Introduction.
17.2 Overall Methodology
162 17.3 Data Collection for Origin Determination
166 17.4 Analyze the Data
170 17.5 Developing an Origin Hypothesis
171 17.6 Testing of Origin Hypotheses
17.7 Selecting the Final Hypothesis
172 17.8 Origin Insufficiently Defined
Chapter 18 Fire Cause Determination
18.1 Introduction
18.2 Overall Methodology
173 18.3 Data Collection for Fire Cause Determination
174 18.4 Analyze the Data
176 18.5 Developing a Cause Hypothesis
18.6 Testing the Cause Hypothesis
177 18.7 Selecting the Final Hypothesis
Chapter 19 Analyzing the Incident for Cause and Responsibility
19.1 General
19.2 The Cause of the Fire or Explosion
178 19.3 The Cause of Damage to Property Resulting from the Incident
19.4 The Cause of Bodily Injury or Loss of Life
179 19.5 Determining Responsibility
Chapter 20 Failure Analysis and Analytical Tools
20.1 Introduction
20.2 Time Lines
181 20.3 Systems Analysis
184 20.4 Mathematical Modeling
186 20.5 Fire Testing
187 20.6 Data Required for Modeling and Testing
Chapter 21 Explosions
21.1 General
188 21.2 Types of Explosions
189 21.3 Characterization of Explosion Damage
190 21.4 Effects of Explosions
193 21.5 Factors Controlling Explosion Effects
194 21.6 Seated Explosions
195 21.7 Nonseated Explosions
21.8 Gas/Vapor Combustion Explosions
201 21.9 Dust Explosions
21.10 Backdraft (Smoke Explosions)
202 21.11 Outdoor Vapor Cloud Explosions
21.12 Explosives
21.13 Investigation of Explosive Incidents
21.14 Investigating the Explosion Scene
208 21.15 Analyze Origin (Epicenter)
21.16 Analyze Fuel Source
209 21.17 Analyze Ignition Source
21.18 Analyze to Establish Cause
210 Chapter 22 Incendiary Fires
22.1 Introduction
22.2 Incendiary Fire Indicators
212 22.3 Potential Indicators Not Directly Related to Combustion
213 22.4 Other Evidentiary Factors
216 Chapter 23 Fire and Explosion Deaths and Injuries
23.1 General
23.2 Mechanisms of Death and Injury
219 23.3 Consumption of the Body by Fire
220 23.4 Postmortem Changes
23.5 Investigating Fire Scenes with Fatalities
222 23.6 Investigating Fire Scenes with Injuries
223 23.7 Explosion Deaths and Injuries
23.8 Post Scene Investigation of Injuries
224 23.9 Fire Death Pathological and Toxicological Examination
226 23.10 Analysis of Data
227 Chapter 24 Appliances
24.1 Scope
228 24.2 Appliance Scene Recording
24.3 Origin Analysis Involving Appliances
229 24.4 Cause Analysis Involving Appliances
24.5 Appliance Components
235 24.6 Common Residential Appliances
236 Chapter 25 Motor Vehicle Fires
25.1 Introduction
237 25.2 Vehicle Investigation Safety
25.3 Fuels in Vehicle Fires
239 25.4 Ignition Sources
242 25.5 System Identification and Function
246 25.6 Body Systems
25.7 Recording Motor Vehicle Fire Scenes
247 25.8 Motor Vehicle Examinations
249 25.9 Total Burns
25.10 Special Considerations for Incendiary Vehicle Fires
25.11 Vehicles in Structures
250 25.12 Recreational Vehicles
253 25.13 Heavy Equipment
254 25.14 Agricultural Equipment and Implements Introduction
260 25.15 Hybrid Vehicles
25.16 Towing Considerations
261 25.17 Hydrogen-Fueled Vehicles
Chapter 26 Wildfire Investigations
26.1 Introduction
26.2 Wildfire Fuels
263 26.3 Weather
264 26.4 Topography
26.5 Fire Shape
265 26.6 Indicators
269 26.7 Origin Investigation
272 26.8 Fire Cause Determination
274 26.9 Evidence
26.10 Special Safety Considerations
26.11 Sources of Information
Chapter 27 Management of Complex Investigations
27.1 Scope
275 27.2 Basic Information and Documents
27.3 Communications Among Interested Parties
276 27.4 Understandings and Agreements
277 27.5 Management of the Investigation
278 27.6 Evidence
27.7 Logistics
279 27.8 Site and Scene Safety
Chapter 28 Marine Fire Investigations
28.1 Introduction
28.2 Powerboat and Sailboat Terminology
281 28.3 Boat Investigation Safety
282 28.4 System Identification and Function
284 28.5 Exterior
28.6 Interior
285 28.7 Propulsion Systems
286 28.8 Ignition Sources
288 28.9 Documenting Boat Fire Scenes
290 28.10 Boat Examination
28.11 Boats in Structures
291 28.12 Legal Considerations
Annex A Explanatory Material
324 Annex B Bibliography
326 Annex C Informational References
327 Index
NFPA 921 11
$80.71