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SMACNA HVACSystemsTestingAdjustingandBalancing 2002 03E

SMACNA HVACSystemsTestingAdjustingandBalancing 2002 03E

$119.17

HVAC Systems – Testing, Adjusting and Balancing, 3rd Edition

Published By Publication Date Number of Pages
SMACNA 2002 407
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This new version has been extensively updated from the 1993 version and includes all of the many changes that have taken place in the HVAC industry. New sections covering VFD, DDC, lab hood exhaust balancing, and the latest changes in balancing equipment and procedures are included.

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PDF Pages PDF Title
3 HVAC SYSTEMS TESTING, ADJUSTING & BALANCING
THIRD EDITION — AUGUST, 2002
5 FOREWORD
6 TASK FORCE
7 NOTICE TO USERS OF THIS PUBLICATION
11 TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTERS
14 TABLES
16 FIGURES
23 CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION
1.1 INTRODUCTION TO TAB WORK
1.2 THE TAB TECHNICIAN/TEAM
24 1.3 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
27 CHAPTER 2 HVAC FUNDAMENTALS
2.1 HEAT FLOW
28 FIGURE 2-1 HEAT TRANSFER BY CONDUCTION AND RADIATION
FIGURE 2-2 CONVECTION HEAT TRANSFER
29 FIGURE 2-3 COUNTER FLOW AIR-STREAMS
FIGURE 2-4 PARALLEL FLOW AIR- STREAMS
30 FIGURE 2-5 CROSS-FLOW AIR-STREAMS
FIGURE 2-6 PARALLEL AND COUNTERFLOW HEAT TRANSFER CURVES
32 2.2 PSYCHROMETRICS
35 FIGURE 2-7 PSYCHROMETRIC CHART (I-P)
36 FIGURE 2-8 PSYCHROMETRIC CHART – TYPICAL CONDITION POINTS (SI)
37 FIGURE 2-9 PSYCHROMETRIC CHART – TYPICAL CONDITION POINTS
38 FIGURE 2-10 SENSIBLE HEATING AND COOLING (I-P)
39 FIGURE 2-11 HUMIDIFICATION AND DEHUMIDIFICATION (I-P)
40 FIGURE 2-12 PSYCHROMETRIC CHART – PROCESSES
41 FIGURE 2-13 COOLING AND DEHUMIDIFYING (I-P)
FIGURE 2-14 HEATING AND HUMIDIFICATION
43 FIGURE 2-15 MIXING OF TWO AIRSTREAMS (SI)
45 2.3 FLUID MECHANICS
46 FIGURE 2-16 TANK STATIC HEAD
47 FIGURE 2-17 VELOCITY PROFILE
48 FIGURE 2-18 PRESSURE CHANGES DURING FLOW IN DUCTS
50 FIGURE 2-19 SAMPLE FITTING LOSS COEFFICIENT TABLE
54 FIGURE 2-20 PUMP WITH STATIC HEAD AND SUCTION HEAD
55 FIGURE 2-21 PUMP WITH SUCTION LIFT
59 CHAPTER 3 ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT AND CONTROLS
3.1 ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS
3.2 ELECTRICAL SERVICES
60 FIGURE 3-1 SERIES-PARALLEL CIRCUIT
FIGURE 3-2 SINGLE-PHASE AC SERVICE
61 FIGURE 3-3 CURRENT AND VOLTAGE-TIME CURVES AND POWER FACTOR
62 FIGURE 3-4 220-VOL T THREE-WIRE DELTA THREE-PHASE CIRCUIT
FIGURE 3-5 220-VOL T DELTA THREE-PHASE CIRCUIT WITH 110-VOL T SINGLE-PHASE SUPPLY
FIGURE 3-6 120/208-VOL T FOUR-WIRE WYE CIRCUIT
63 3.3 TRANSFORMERS
FIGURE 3-7 TRANSFORMER WITH TAPPED SECONDARY
3.4 MOTORS
65 FIGURE 3-8 TYPICAL PERFORMANCE OF STANDARD SQUIRREL CAGE INDUCTION MOTORS
66 3.5 MOTOR CONTROLS
67 3.6 VARIABLE FREQUENCY DRIVES
FIGURE 3-9 INTERLOCKED STARTERS WITH CONTROL TRANSFORMERS
68 FIGURE 3-10 VFD ADDED TO EXIST-ING AIR HANDLING UNIT
71 CHAPTER 4 TEMPERATURE CONTROL
4.1 AUTOMATIC TEMPERATURE CONTROL SYSTEMS
72 4.2 CONTROL LOOPS
73 FIGURE 4-1 VALVE THROTTLING CHARACTERISTIC COMPARISON
74 FIGURE 4-2 ATC VALVE ARRANGEMENTS
FIGURE 4-3 TYPICAL MULTIBLADE DAMPERS
75 4.3 CONTROL DIAGRAMS
4.4 CONTROL RELATIONSHIPS
76 4.5 ATC SYSTEM ADJUSTMENT
4.6 TAB/ATC RELATIONSHIP
77 4.7 CENTRALIZED CONTROL SYSTEMS
FIGURE 4-4 DESKTOP COMPUTER DISPLAYING STATUS OF BUILDING HVAC SYSTEMS
78 FIGURE 4-5 FUNCTIONAL BLOCK DIAGRAM A CENTRALIZED COMPUTER CONTROL SYSTEM
79 FIGURE 4-6 HVAC CONTROLS PANEL WITH ORIGINAL PNEUMATIC CONTROLS
80 FIGURE 4-7 THE SAME HVAC CONTROL PANEL AFTER UPGRADING TO DIRECT DIGITAL CONTROL (DDC).
FIGURE 4-8 PORTABLE COMPUTER PLUGGED INTO ELECTRONIC WALL THERMOSTAT
85 CHAPTER 5 FANS
5.1 FAN CHARACTERISTICS
FIGURE 5-1 CENTRIFUGAL FAN COMPONENTS
FIGURE 5-2 CHARACTERISTIC CURVES FOR FC FANS
86 FIGURE 5-3 CHARACTERISTIC CURVES FOR BI FANS
FIGURE 5-4 CHARACTERISTIC CURVES FOR AIR FOIL
FIGURE 5-5 AXIAL FAN COMPONENTS
87 FIGURE 5-6 CHARACTERISTIC CURVES FOR PROPELLER FANS
FIGURE 5-7 CHARACTERISTIC CURVES FOR VANEAXIAL FANS (HIGH PERFORMANCE)
FIGURE 5-8 TUBULAR CENTRIFUGAL FAN
88 FIGURE 5-9 CHARACTERISTIC CURVES FOR TUBULAR CENTRIFUGAL FANS
5.2 FAN CONSTRUCTION
FIGURE 5-10 FAN CLASS STAN-DARDS (I-P) (SW BI FANS)
FIGURE 5-11 FAN CLASS STAN- DARDS (SI) (SW BI FANS)
89 FIGURE 5-12 DRIVE ARRANGEMENTS FOR CENTRIFUGAL FANS
91 Table 5-1 Typical Fan Rating Table
92 FIGURE 5-13 ARRANGEMENT 1 IN-LINE FANS
93 FIGURE 5-14 ARRANGEMENT 4 IN-LINE FANS
FIGURE 5-15 ARRANGEMENT 9 IN-LINE FANS
94 FIGURE 5-16 CENTRIFUGAL FAN MOTOR LOCATIONS
5.3 FAN AIRFLOW AND PRESSURES
95 FIGURE 5-17 DIRECTION OF ROTATION AND DISCHARGE
96 FIGURE 5-18 FAN TOTAL PRESSURE (TP)
FIGURE 5-19 FAN STATIC PRES-SURE (SP)
97 FIGURE 5-20 FAN VELOCITY PRESSURE (V P )
FIGURE 5-21 TIP SPEED
5.4 FAN/SYSTEM CURVE RELATIONSHIP
98 FIGURE 5-22 SYSTEM RESISTANCE CURVE
FIGURE 5-23 OPERATING POINT
99 FIGURE 5-24 VARIATIONS FROM DESIGN AIR SHORTAGE
FIGURE 5-25 FAN LAW – RPM CHANGE
100 FIGURE 5-26 EFFECT OF DENSITY CHANGE (CONSTANT VOLUME)
101 FIGURE 5-27 EFFECT OF DENSITY CHANGE (CONSTANT STATIC PRESSURE)
5.5 FAN CAPACITY RATINGS
102 FIGURE 5-28 AMCA FAN TEST – PITOT TUBE
FIGURE 5-29 EFFECT OF DENSITY CHANGE (CONSTANT MASS FLOW)
103 FIGURE 5-30 EFFECTS OF SYSTEM EFFECT
104 FIGURE 5-31 FAN OUTLET EFFECTIVE DUCT LENGTH
FIGURE 5-32 NON-UNIFORM FLOW CONDITIONS INTO FAN INLET
107 CHPATER 6 AIR DISTRIBUTION AND DEVICES
6.1 AIR TERMINAL BOXES
108 FIGURE 6-1 CONSTANT VOLUME FAN-POWERED BOX
109 6.2 VARIABLE AIR VOLUME (VAV) TERMINAL BOXES
FIGURE 6-2 BYPASS-TYPE FAN-POWERED BOX
6.3 OTHER AIRFLOW DEVICES
110 FIGURE 6-3 MULTIBLADE VOLUME DAMPERS
111 FIGURE 6-4 FLOW CHARACTERISTICS FOR A PARALLEL OPERATING DAMPER
112 FIGURE 6-5 FLOW CHARACTERISTICS FOR AN OPPOSED OPERATING DAMPER
6.4 AIR DISTRIBUTION BASICS
Table 6-1 Typical Ratios of Damper to System Resistance for Flow Characteristic Curve
113 FIGURE 6-6 VOLUME DAMPERS
114 FIGURE 6-7 SURFACE (COANDA) EFFECT
115 6.5 ROOM AIR DISTRIBUTION
116 FIGURE 6-8 SOME ELEMENTS AFFECTING BODY HEAT LOSS
117 FIGURE 6-9 FOUR ZONES IN JET EXPANSION
118 FIGURE 6-10 TYPICAL SUPPLY OUTLETS
Table 6-2 Guide to Use of Various Outlets
120 Table 6-3 Recommended Return Air Inlet Face Velocities
121 Table 6-4 Air Outlets and Diffusers Total Pressure Loss Average—in. wg (Pa)
Table 6-5 Supply Registers Total Pressure Loss Average—in. wg (Pa)
Table 6-6 Return Registers Total Pressure Loss Average—in. wg (Pa)
125 CHAPTER 7 AIR SYSTEMS
7.1 INTRODUCTION
126 7.2 TYPES OF AIR SYSTEMS
127 FIGURE 7-1 SINGLE DUCT SYSTEM
FIGURE 7-2 TYPICAL EQUIPMENT FOR SINGLE ZONE DUCT SYSTEM
128 FIGURE 7-3 VARIABLE AIR VOLUME (VAV) SYSTEM
129 FIGURE 7-4 TERMINAL REHEAT SYSTEM
130 FIGURE 7-5 INDUCTION REHEAT SYSTEM
131 FIGURE 7-6 DUAL DUCT HIGH VELOCITY SYSTEM
132 FIGURE 7-7 MULTI-ZONE SYSTEM
133 7.3 AIR SYSTEM DESIGN
135 7.4 DUCT SIZING EXAMPLES
FIGURE 7-8 SYSTEM LAYOUT (I-P UNITS)
136 FIGURE 7-9 SYSTEM LAYOUT (SI)
138 7.5 SUMMARY
FIGURE 7-10 FAN DUCT CONNECTIONS
141 CHPATER 8 HYDRONIC EQUIPMENT
8.1 PUMPS
FIGURE 8-1 TYPICAL CENTRIFUGAL PUMP CROSS SECTION
142 FIGURE 8-2 DESCRIPTIONS OF CNTRIFUGAL PUMPS USED IN HYDRONIC SYSTEMS
143 Table 8-1 Characteristics of Centrifugal Pumps
Table 8-2 Characteristics of Common Types of Pumps
144 FIGURE 8-3 COUPLING ALIGNMENT WITH STRAIGHT EDGE
146 FIGURE 8-4 TYPICAL REQUIRED NPSH CURVE
147 8.2 PUMP / SYSTEM CURVE RELATIONSHIP
FIGURE 8-5 PUMP CURVE FOR 1750 RPM OPERATION
148 FIGURE 8-6 TYPICAL DESIGN PUMP SELECTION POINT (FROM ABBREVIATED CURVE)
FIGURE 8-7 SYSTEM CURVE PLOTTED ON PUMP CURVE
149 FIGURE 8-8 TYPICAL OPEN SYSTEMS
FIGURE 8-9 TYPICAL COOLING TOWER APPLICATION POINT
FIGURE 8-10 SYSTEM CURVE FOR OPEN CIRCUIT FALSE OPERATING POINT
150 FIGURE 8-11 SYSTEM CURVE FOR OPEN CIRCUIT TRUE OPERATING POINT
FIGURE 8-12 PUMP OPERATING POINTS
151 Table 8-3 Flow vs Total Head (Cooling Tower Application)
FIGURE 8-13 MULTIPLE PUMPS
FIGURE 8-14 PUMP AND SYSTEM CURVES FOR PARALLEL PUMPING
8.3 PUMP INSTALLATION CRITERIA
152 FIGURE 8-16 GAGE LOCATION
FIGURE 8-15 PUMP AND SYSTEM CURVES FOR SERIES PUMPING
FIGURE 8-17 RELATIVE GAGE ELEVATIONS
153 FIGURE 8-18 EFFECT OF VISCOSITY
8.4 HYDRONIC HEATING AND COOLING SOURCES
154 8.5 TERMINAL HEATING AND COOLING UNTS
159 CHPATER 9 HYDRONIC SYSTEMS
9.1 HYDRONIC SYSTEMS
160 FIGURE 9-1 A SERIES LOOP SYSTEM
FIGURE 9-2 A ONE-PIPE SYSTEM
161 FIGURE 9-3 DIRECT RETURN TWO-PIPE SYSTEM
FIGURE 9-4 REVERSE RETURN TWO-PIPE SYSTEM
162 FIGURE 9-5 EXAMPLE OF PRIMARY AND SECONDARY PUMPING CIRCUITS
163 FIGURE 9-6 RETURN MIX SYSTEM ROOM UNIT CONTROLS
FIGURE 9-7 FOUR PIPE SYSTEM ROOM UNIT
165 FIGURE 9-8 BOILER PIPING FOR A MULTIPLE-ZONE, MULTIPLE-PURPOSE HEATING SYSTEM
166 Table 9-1 Hydronic Trouble Analysis Guide
9.2 HYDRONIC SYSTEM DESIGN
170 FIGURE 9- 9 WATER COOLED CONDENSER CONNECTIONS FOR CITY WATER
171 9.3 HYDRONIC DESIGN PROCEDURES
FIGURE 9-10 COOLING TOWER PIPING SYSTEM
172 9.4 STEAM SYSTEMS
173 FIGURE 9-11 BASIC PIPING CIRCUITS FOR GRAVITY FLOW OF CONDENSATE
174 FIGURE 9-12 BASIC PIPING CIRCUITS FOR MECHANICAL RETURN SYSTEMS
FIGURE 9-13 TYPICAL TWO-PIPE VACUUM STEAM SYSTEM
175 FIGURE 9-14 THERMOSTATIC TRAP
FIGURE 9-15 INVERTER BUCKET TRAP
176 FIGURE 9-16 FLOAT AND THERMOSTATIC TRAP
FIGURE 9-17 TYPICAL CONNECTIONS TO FINNED TUBE HEATING COLIS
179 CHPATER 10 REFERIGERATION SYSTEMS
10.1 REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS
180 FIGURE 10-1 REFRIGERANT CYCLE
10.2 REFRIGERATION TERMS AND COMPONENTS
182 10.3 SAFETY CONTROLS
10.4 OPERATING CONTROLS
10.5 REFRIGERANTS
10.6 THERMAL BULBS AND SUPERHEAT
183 FIGURE 10-2 LOCATIONS OF THERMAL BULBS
184 10.7 COMPRESSOR SHORT CYCLING
187 CHAPTER 11 TAB INSTRUMENTS
11.1 INTRODUCTION
11.2 AIRFLOW MEASURING INSTRUMENTS
FIGURE 11-1 U-TUBE MANOMETER EQUIPPED WITH OVER-PRESSURE TRAPS
188 FIGURE 11-2 INCLINED-VERTICAL MANOMETER
FIGURE 11-3 ELECTRONIC/ MULTI-METER
189 FIGURE 11-4 PITOT TUBE CONNECTIONS
190 FIGURE 11-5 PITOT TUBE
191 FIGURE 11-6 MAGNEHELIC GAGE
192 FIGURE 11-7 ROTATING VANE ANEMOMETER
FIGURE 11-8 ELECTRONIC ANALOG ROTATING VANE ANEMOMETER
193 FIGURE 11-9 DEFLECTING VANE ANEMOMETER SET
FIGURE 11-10 THERMAL ANEMOMETER
194 FIGURE 11-1 1 FLOW MEASURING HOOD
195 Table 11-1 Airflow Measuring Instruments
11.3 PRESSURE GAGE, CALIBRATED
196 FIGURE 11-12 CALIBRATED PRESSURE GAGES
197 Table 11-2 Instruments for Hydronic Balancing
Table 11-3 Hydronic Measuring Instruments
198 FIGURE 11-13 SINGLE GAGE BEING USED TO MEASURE A DIFFERENTIAL PRESSURE
11.4 ROTATION MEASURING INSTRUMENTS
FIGURE 11-14 SINGLE GAGE BEING USED TO MEASURE A DIFFERENTIAL PRESSURE
199 FIGURE 11-15 DIFFERENTIAL PRESSURE GAGE
Table 11-4 Rotation Measuring Instruments
200 FIGURE 11-16 CHRONOMETRIC TACHOMETER
FIGURE 11-17 DIGITAL CONTACT TACHOMETER
201 FIGURE 11-18 DIGITAL OPTICAL TACHOMETER
FIGURE 11-19 STROBOSCOPE
FIGURE 11-20 MULTI-RANGE, DUAL FUNCTION (OPTICAL/CONTACT TACHOMETER)
202 11.5 TEMPERATURE FUNCTION TACHOMETER MEASURNG INSTRUMENTS
Table 11-5 Instrumentation for Air & Hydronic Balancing
203 Table 11-6 Instruments for Air Balancing
204 FIGURE 11-21 GLASS TUBE THERMOMETERS
FIGURE 11-22 DIAL THERMOMETER
205 FIGURE 11-23 THERMOCOUPLE
FIGURE 11-24 THERMISTOR THERMOMETER
FIGURE 11-25 INFRARED DIGITAL THERMOMETER
206 FIGURE 11-26 RESISTANCE TEMPERATURE DETECTOR
FIGURE 11-27 ELECTRONIC THERMOMETER
207 Table 11-7 Temperature Measuring Instruments
208 FIGURE 11-28 SLING PSYCHROMETER
FIGURE 11-29 DIGITAL PSYCHROMETER
11.6 ELECTRICAL MEASURING INSTRUMENTS
209 11.7 COMMUNICATION DEVICES
FIGURE 11-30 THERMOHYGROMETER
FIGURE 11-31 CLAMP-ON VOLT AMMETER
210 FIGURE 11-32 ACCESSING AUTOMATION SYSTEM WITH LAPTOP COMPUTER
11.8 HYDRONIC FLOW MEASURING DEVICES
211 FIGURE 11-33 ORIFICE AS A MEASURING DEVICE
212 FIGURE 11-34 FLOW METER TYPES
FIGURE 11-35 ANNULAR FLOW INDICATOR
FIGURE 11-36 CALIBRATED BALANCING VALVE
215 CHAPTER 12 PRELIMINARY TAB PROCEDURES
12.1 INITIAL PLANNING
12.2 CONTRACT DOCUMENTS
216 12.3 SYSTEM REVIEW AND ANALYSIS
217 FIGURE 12-1 SCHEMATIC DUCT SYSTEM LAYOUT
218 12.4 THE AGENDA
219 FIGURE 12-2 INSTRUMENTS SELECTED FOR A SPECIFIC JOB
12.5 PLANNING FIELD TAB PROCEDURES
220 12.6 PRELIMINARY FIELD PROCEDURES
225 CHAPTER 13 GENERAL AIR SYSTEM TAB PROCEDURES
13.1 BASIC FAN TESTING PROCEDURES
13.2 SYSTEM STARTUP
13.3 FAN TESTING
226 13.4 DEFICIENCY REVIEW
13.5 RETURN AND OUTSIDE AIR SETTINGS
227 13.6 ANALYSIS OF MEASUREMENTS
13.7 RECORDING DATA
13.8 PROPORTIONAL BALANCING (RATIO) METHOD
13.9 PERCENTAGE OF DESIGN AIRFLOW
228 FIGURE 13-1 SAMPLE SUPPLY AIR DUCT (PART)
229 13.10 SYSTEM AIRFLOW
13.11 BASIC OUTLET BALANCING PROCEDURES
13.12 STEPWISE METHOD
230 FIGURE 13-2 TYPICAL AIR DIFFUSER CFM MEASUREMENT
13.13 FAN ADJUSTMENT
13.14 WET COIL CONDITIONS
13.15 AIRFLOW TOTALS
13.16 EXHAUST FANS
13.17 FAN DRIVE ADJUSTMENT
231 13.18 DAMPER ADJUSTMENTS
13.19 DUCT TRAVERSES
FIGURE 13-3 MEASURING EXHAUST AIR VELOCITY ON LAB EXHAUST HOOD WITH SASH HEIGHT
13.20 SYSTEM DEFICIENCIES
13.21 FUME HOOD EXHAUST BALANCING PROCEDURES
232 FIGURE 13-4 EXAMPLE OF EXHAUST HOOD AIR BALANCE LABEL
13.22 DUST COLLECTION AND EXHAUST BALANCING PROCEDURES
233 FIGURE 13-5 SAMPLE DUST COLLECTION EXHAUST SYSTEM
235 13.23 AIR FLOW MEASUREMENTS ON DISCHARGE STACKS
236 13.24 INDUSTRIAL VENTILATION
13.25 SELECTION OF INSTRUMENTS
241 CHPATER 14 TAB PROCEDURES FOR SPECIFIC AIR SYSTEMS
14.1 INTRODUCTION
14.2 VARIABLE AIR VOLUME (VAV) SYSTEMS
FIGURE 14-1 TYPICAL VARIABLE AIR VOLUME (VAV) SYSTEM
242 FIGURE 14-2 OPEN LOOP FAN VOLUME CONTROL
243 FIGURE 14-3 CLOSED LOOP FAN VOLUME CONTROL
244 FIGURE 14-4 FAN AND SYSTEM CURVES, CONSTANT SPEED FAN
FIGURE 14-5 FAN AND SYSTEM CURVES, VARIABLE SPEED FAN
249 FIGURE 14-6 SERIES FAN POWERED
FIGURE 14-7 PARALLEL FAN POWERED VAV UNIT
FIGURE 14-8 PAPER STRIP AT VAV BOX RETURN BEFORE BALANCING
250 FIGURE 14-9 PAPER STRIP AT VAV BOX AFTER BALANCING
252 FIGURE 14-10 CONSTANT FAN VAV BOX
253 FIGURE 14-11 INTERMITTENT FAN VAV BOX (PARALLEL) CYCLE
14.3 MULTI-ZONE SYSTEMS
254 14.4 INDUCTION UNIT SYSTEMS
14.5 DUAL DUCT SYSTEMS
FIGURE 14-12 MULTI-ZONE SYSTEM
255 FIGURE 14-13 DUAL DUCT SYSTEM
256 14.6 SPECIAL EXHAUST AIR SYSTEMS
FIGURE 14-14 INDUCTION UNIT SYSTEM
257 14.7 PROCESS EXHAUST AIR SYSTEMS
261 CHAPTER 15 HYDRONIC SYSTEM TAB PROCEDURES
15.1 HYDRONIC SYSTEM MEASUREMENT METHODS
FIGURE 15-1 HYDRONIC FLOW MEASUREMENT
262 FIGURE 15-2 EXTERNAL ULTRASONIC FLOW SENSOR ON PIPE WITH INSULATION REMOVED
FIGURE 15-3 ULTRASONIC FLOW METER
263 15.2 BASIC HYDRONIC SYSTEM PROCEDURES
264 15.3 PIPING SYSTEM BALANCING
265 15.4 BALANCING SPECIFIC SYSTEMS
269 15.5 VARIABLE VOLUME FLOW
FIGURE 15-4 EFFECTS OF VARIATION ON HEAT TRANSFER 20 FLOW F (11 C) .t AT 200 F (93 C)
FIGURE 15-5 PERCENT VARIATION TO MAINTAIN 90% TERMINAL HEAT TRANSFER
270 Table 15-1 Load-Flow Variations
FIGURE 15-6 CHILLED WATER TERMI-NAL FLOW VERSUS HEAT TRANSFER
271 FIGURE 15-7 PUMP WITH VARIABLE SPEED DRIVE
15.6 PRIMARY-SECONDAR Y SYSTEMS
15.7 SUMMER-WINTER SYSTEMS
272 FIGURE 15-8 EXAMPLE OF PRIMARY AND SECONDARY PUMPING CIRCUITS
273 FIGURE 15-9 SUMMER-WINTER SYSTEMS
277 CHAPTER 16 TAB REPORT FORMS
16.1 PREPARING TAB REPORT FORMS
16.2 DESCRIPTION OF USE
System Diagram—TAB 1-02
Air Apparatus Test Report TAB 2-02
Apparatus Coil Test Report TAB 3-02
Gas/Oil Fired Heat Apparatus Test Report—TAB 4-02
Electronic Coil/Duct Heater Test Report—TAB 5-02
Fan Test Report—TAB 6-02
278 Rectangular Duct Traverse Report— TAB 7-02
Round Duct Traverse Report— TAB 8-02
Air Outlet Test Report (Includes TAB 9A-02, TAB 9B-02 AND TAB 9C-02)
Terminal Unit Coil Check Report— TAB 11-02
Packaged Chiller Test Report— TAB 12-02
Package Rooftop/Heat Pump/Air Conditioning Unit Test Report— TAB 13-02
Compressor and/or Condenser Test Report—TAB 14-02
Cooling Tower or Evaporative Condenser Test Report—TAB 15-02
279 Heat Exchanger/Converter Test Report—TAB 16-02
Pump Test Report—TAB 17-02
Balance Valve/Flow Meter Test Report—TAB 18-02
Boiler Test Report—TAB 19-02
Instrument Calibration Report— TAB 20-02
280 TAB REPORT FORMS
TAB 1-02
281 TAB 2-02
282 TAB 3-02
283 TAB 4-02
284 TAB 5-02
285 TAB 6-02
286 TAB 7-02
287 TAB 7-02 (Cont.)
288 TAB 8-02
289 TAB 8-02 (Cont.)
290 TAB 9A-02
291 TAB 9B-02
292 TAB 9C-02
293 TAB 10-02
294 TAB 11-02
295 TAB 12-02
296 TAB 13-02
297 TAB 14-02
298 TAB 15-02
299 TAB 16-02
300 TAB 17-02
301 TAB 18-02
302 TAB 19-02
303 TAB 20-02
307 APPENDIX A DUCT DESIGN TABLES & CHARTS
FIGURE A-1 DUCT FRICTION LOSS CHART (I-P)
308 FIGURE A-2 DUCT FRICTION LOSS CHART (SI)
309 Table A-1 Duct Material Roughness Factors
310 FIGURE A-3 DUCT FRICTION LOSS CORRECTION FACTORS
311 Table A-2 Circulation Equivalents of Rectangular Ducts for Equal Friction and Capacity (I-P) (2) Dimensions in Inches
312 Table A-2 Circulation Equivalents of Rectangular Ducts (continued)
313 Table A-3 Circular Equivalents of Rectangular Ducts for Equal Friction and Capacity (SI) (2) Dimensions in mm
314 Table A-3 Circular Equivalents of Rectangular Ducts for Equal Friction and Capacity (SI) (2) Dimensions in mm (continued)
315 Table A-4 Velocities/Velocity Pressures (I-P)
FIGURE A-4 VELOCITIES/VELOCITY PRESSURES (I-P)
316 Table A-5 Velocities/Velocity Pressures (SI)
Table A-6 Angular Conversion
317 Table A-7 Loss Coefficients for Straight-Through Flow
FIGURE A-5 AIR DENSITY FRICTION CHART CORRECTION FACTORS
318 FIGURE A-6 LOUVER VELOCITY
Table A-8 Recommended Criteria for Louver Sizing
319 Table A-9 Typical Design Velocities for Duct Components
320 FITTING LOSS COEFFICIENT TABLES
Table A-10 Elbow Loss Coefficients
321 Table A-10 Elbow Loss Coefficients (continued)
322 Table A-10 Elbow Loss Coefficients (continued)
323 Table A-11 Transition Loss Coefficients
324 Table A-11 Transition Loss Coefficients (continued)
325 Table A-12 Rectangular Branch Connection Loss Coefficients
326 Table A-12 Rectangular Branch Connection Loss Coefficients (continued)
327 Table A-12 Rectangular Branch Connection Loss Coefficients (continued)
328 Table A-12 Rectangular Branch Connection Loss Coefficients (continued)
329 Table A-13 Round Branch Connection Loss Coefficients
330 Table A-13 Round Branch Connection Loss Coefficients (continued)
331 Table A-13 Round Branch Connection Loss Coefficients (continued)
332 Table A-13 Round Branch Connection Loss Coefficients (continued)
333 Table A-14 Miscellaneous Fitting Coefficients
334 Table A-14 Miscellaneous Fitting Coefficients (continued)
335 Table A-14 Miscellaneous Fitting Coefficients (continued)
336 Table A-14 Miscellaneous Fitting Coefficients (continued)
337 HVAC EQUATIONS (I-P)
Air Equations (I-P)
338 Fan Equations (I-P)
Pump Equations (I-P)
Hydronic Equivalents (I-P)
339 Hydronic Equations (I-P)
Electric Equations (I-P)
Table A-15 Converting Pressure In Inches of Mercury to Feet of Water at Various Water Temperatures
340 Table A-16 Air Density Correction Factors (I-P)
341 HVAC EQUATIONS (SI)
Air Equations (SI)
342 Fan Equations (SI)
Pump Equations (SI)
Hydronic Equations (SI)
344 Table A-17 Air Density Correction Factors (SI)
345 SI UNITS AND EQUIVALENTS
Table A-18 SI Units (Basic and Derived)
346 Table A-19 SI Equivalents
347 Table A-20 Sound Design Equations
348 Table A-20 Sound Design Equations (continued)
349 FITTING EQUIVALENTS (WATER)
Table A-21 Equivalent Length in Feet of Pipe for 90 Elbows
Table A-22 Equivalent Length in Meters of Pipe for 90 Elbows
Table A-23 Iron and Copper Elbow Equivalents
FIGURE A-7 ELBOW EQUIVALENTS OF TEES AT VARIOUS FLOW CONDITIONS
350 Table A-24 Properties of Saturated Steam (I-P)
Table A-25 Properties of Saturated Steam (SI)
351 STEAM PIPING (I-P)
Table A-26 Steam Piping (I-P) Flow Rate of Steam in Schedule 40 Pipe at Initial Saturation Pressure of 3.5 and 12 psig
Table A-27 Comparative Capacity of Steam Lines at Various Pitches for Steam and Condensate Flowing in Opposite Directions
352 Table A-28 Pressure Drops In Common Use for Sizing Steam Pipe (For Corresponding Initial Steam Pressure)
Table A-29 Length in Feet of Pipe to be Added to Actual Length of Run — Owing to Fittings — to Obtain Equivalent Length
353 Table A-30 Steam Pipe Capacities for Low Pressure Systems (For Use on One-Pipe Systems or Two-Pipe Systems in which Condensate Flows Against the Steam Flow)
354 Table A-31 Return Main and Riser Capacities for Low-Pressure Systems—Pounds per Hour
355 STEAM PIPING (SI)
Table A-32 Flow Rate in kg/h of Steam in Schedule 40 Pipe at Initial Saturation Pressure of 15 and 85 kPa Above Atmospheric
Table A-33 Comparative Capacity of Steam Lines at Various Pitches for Steam and Condensate Flowing in Opposite Directions
356 Table A-34 Equivalent Length of Fittings to be Added to Pipe Run
357 Table A-35 Steam Pipe Capacities for Low-Pressure Systems
358 Table A-36 Return Main and Riser Capacities for Low-Pressure Systems — kg/h
359 Sample Specification for Testing, Adjusting and Balancing
360 REFERENCES
363 GLOSSARY
-A –
365 -B –
366 -C –
370 -D –
372 -E –
373 -F –
376 -G
-H –
378 -I –
379 -J –
-K –
-L –
380 -M –
381 -N –
382 -O –
383 -P –
386 -R –
387 -S –
392 -T –
394 -U –
-V –
395 -W –
396 -Z –
399 INDEX
SMACNA HVACSystemsTestingAdjustingandBalancing 2002 03E
$119.17