TIA TSB-171:2010

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Terrestrial Land Mobile Radio – Antenna Systems – History and Technical Analysis of the Quarter Wave Monopole Over Finite Ground Plane as a Gain Standard

Published By	Publication Date	Number of Pages
TIA	2010	46

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Category: TIA

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Description

In the land mobile service there has historically been no clear
relationship between the gain of base station antennas and the gain
of mobile antennas. A half wavelength dipole has been used as the
basis of the base station antenna gain, and a quarter wavelength
monopole over a finite size ground plane has been historically used
for the vehicular antenna. This makes it difficult, at best, to
analyze and predict the coverage of land mobile communications. For
some few years recently, the mobile standard was made a half
wavelength dipole, but the difficulty of using that standard
resulted in universal rejection by the manufacturers of mobile
antennas.¹

Some measurements and computations have been made to determine
the absolute gain of a quarter wavelength over a finite size ground
plane, and they show that it is a function of the frequency and
size of the ground plane. But the gain of a half wavelength dipole
is a constant 2.15 dBi. And this is a comparison made in free space
with no reflections such as are found in the practical land mobile
application.

This Bulletin will present the history of the antenna gain
standard as used in TIA standards and those of EIA, its
predecessor. A review will show what has been done to relate the
gain of the half wavelength dipole to that of a quarter wavelength
monopole over a finite size ground plane for the land mobile
service. From that review it will be shown what is needed to
accurately analyze communications coverage in the multipath world
of land mobile communications.

¹ In 2005 known manufacturers of mobile antennas sold
in the United States and Europe were asked by TIA Subcommittee
TR-8.11 if they used the present TIA Standard for vehicular
antennas. That standard was MINIMUM STANDARDS FOR COMMUNICATIONS
ANTENNAS, VEHICULAR ANTENNAS, TIA-329-B-1. It is the only one that
tried to use a half wavelength dipole as the gain standard, and
every manufacturer stated that they did not use it.

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