Collision tests are conducted on automotive vehicles to obtain information of value in evaluation of structural integrity and in reducing the risk of occupant injuries. The deformation resulting from a moving rigid barrier impact is more severe at a given speed than that produced by using an actual vehicle, but is more readily reproducible than that occurring during vehicle to vehicle impacts. The purpose of this SAE Recommended Practice is to establish sufficient standardization of such moving barriers and moving barrier collision methods so that results of tests conducted at different facilities may be compared.

This document provides design guidelines, test procedure references, and performance requirements for red and yellow overhead warning devices on school bus vehicles which are used to alert traffic to stop when passengers are loading and unloading.

The scope of this SAE Recommended Practice, trailer axle alignment, is to identify the dimensional limits of, and a method to, establish a perpendicular relationship between the king pin centerline and the axle centerline at its midpoint. Various types of equipment are commercially available which can be used for this measurement which provides varying degrees of accuracy, but none can be endorsed by SAE.

The most fundamental methods of measurement will be described here, but other equipment is available if a greater degree of accuracy is desired.

This SAE Recommended Practice establishes the recommended locations for the air brake and electrical connections for towing multiple trailers. It applies to all commercial trailers except drop frame and car haul types.

This SAE Recommended Practice applies to highway trailer tow bar eye-type applications, including multiple trailers.

This SAE Recommended Practice provides the lighting function identification codes for use on all passenger vehicles, trucks, trailers, motorcycles, and emergency vehicles.

The accompanying mounting and gear locations are applicable for all general installations of power take-off on the transmission gear box of motor trucks and tractors where the size of the transmission permits.

The heavy-duty type opening can be adapted to the regular-duty type by the use of an adapter with 6.35 mm (0.25 in) flange thickness with appropriate bolt pattern and thread engagement. (See Figures 1 and 2.)

The information in this SAE Information Report is the result of studies by the Automobile Manufacturers Association, American Trucking Association, and Truck Trailer Manufacturers Association, to achieve interchangeability of equipment which will comply with the legal dimensional limitations for the majority of states and yet permit increased loading space within these dimensions. This in no way supersedes other information in the SAE Handbook on this subject.

Some cases will require more care in application allowing splash shield clearance at trailer support interference points and positioning fifth wheel to allow trailer swing clearance on an 11% grade. All dimensions are given in inches.

Table 1 and Figures 1 and 2 show basic requirements for interchangeability of truck tractor and semitrailer equipment. Figure 3 shows the interchangeability of the doubles converter dolly.

The formulas for determining LWC, OAL and CFW are:

where:

= fifth wheel advance

= Rear axle tire radius

= 90 in

= 64 in (short trailers specifically intended for use with two axle tractors)

= 96 in

= 102 in

= Clearance, 4 in

where:

= Distance from intersection at back of cab and trailer swing radius to top of fifth wheel with zero trailer clearance to first obstruction

= Top face of fifth wheel to centerline of pivot, 3.50 in

= Swing radius of trailer corner