AWS – PDF Standards Store

AWS D1.5M D1.5 2020

Sat, 19 Oct 2024 15:17:13 +0000

This code covers the welding requirements for welded bridges made from carbon and low-alloy constructional steels and designed to AASHTO or AREMA requirements. This 2020 edition contains dimensions in metric SI Units and U.S. Customary Units. Clauses 1 through 9 constitute a body of rules for the regulation of welding in steel construction. Clauses 10 and 11 do not contain provisions, as their analogue D1.1 sections are not applicable to the D1.5 code. Clause 12 contains the requirements for fabricating fracture critical members.

PDF Catalog

PDF Pages	PDF Title
1	Cover page
2	Title page Abstract
3	Copyright page
4	Statement on the Use of American Welding Society Standards
6	Personnel
10	Foreword
14	Table of Contents
19	List of Tables
20	List of Figures
22	List of Forms
24	Bridge Welding Code 1. General Provisions 1.1 Application 1.2 Base Metal
25	1.3 Welding Processes
26	1.4 Fabricator Requirements 1.5 Definitions 1.6 Welding Symbols 1.7 Safety Precautions 1.8 Standard Units of Measurement 1.9 Welding Procedure Specifications (WPSs)
27	1.10 Mechanical Testing 1.11 Reference Documents
28	2. Normative References
31	3. Terms and Definitions
40	4. Design of Welded Connections Part A General Requirements 4.1 Drawings
41	4.2 Basic Unit Stresses 4.3 Effective Weld Areas, Lengths, Throats, and Sizes
42	Part B Structural Details 4.4 General 4.5 Welded Filler Plates 4.6 PJP Groove Welds Part C Details of Welded Joints 4.7 Joint Qualification 4.8 Details of Fillet Welds
43	4.9 Details of Plug and Slot Welds 4.10 Lap Joints
44	4.11 Corner and T-Joints 4.12 CJP Groove Welds 4.13 PJP Groove Welds (see Figure 4.5) 4.14 Prohibited Types of Joints and Welds
45	4.15 Combinations of Welds 4.16 Welds in Combination with Rivets and Bolts 4.17 Connection Details
86	5. Workmanship 5.1 General Requirements 5.2 Preparation of Base Metal
90	5.3 Assembly
92	5.4 Control of Distortion and Shrinkage
93	5.5 Dimensional Tolerances
96	5.6 Weld Profiles 5.7 Repairs
98	5.8 Peening 5.9 Caulking 5.10 Arc Strikes 5.11 Weld Cleaning 5.12 Weld Termination
99	5.13 Weld Backing
104	6. Technique Part A General Requirements 6.1 Filler Metal Requirements
106	6.2 Preheat and Interpass Temperature Requirements
107	6.3 Heat Input Control for Grade HPS 690W [HPS 100W] Steel 6.4 Stress Relief Heat Treatment Part B Shielded Metal Arc Welding (SMAW) 6.5 Electrodes for SMAW
108	6.6 Procedures for SMAW
109	Part C Submerged Arc Welding (SAW) 6.7 General Requirements 6.8 Electrodes and Fluxes for SAW
110	6.9 Procedures for SAW with a Single Electrode 6.10 Procedures for SAW with Parallel and Multiple Electrodes
111	Part D Gas Metal Arc Welding (GMAW) and Flux Cored Arc Welding (FCAW) 6.11 GMAW/FCAW Electrodes 6.12 Shielding Gas 6.13 Procedures for GMAW and FCAW with a Single Electrode
112	Part E Electrogas Welding (EGW) 6.14 Qualification of Process, WPSs, and Joint Details 6.15 Condition of Electrodes and Guide Tubes 6.16 Shielding Gas 6.17 Procedures for EGW
113	Part F Electroslag Welding (ESW) 6.18 Qualification of Process, WPSs, and Joint Details 6.19 Condition of Electrodes and Consumable Guides
114	6.20 Condition of Flux 6.21 Consumable Guide Electrical Insulators 6.22 Procedures for ESW
116	Part G Plug and Slot Welds 6.23 Plug Welds 6.24 Slot Welds 6.25 Plug and Slot Welds Part H Control of Production Welding Variables 6.26 Tests 6.27 Control of Variables 6.28 Calibration of Equipment
117	6.29 Current Control
123	7. Qualification 7.0 Scope Part A Welding Procedure Specification (WPS) Qualification 7.1 Approval 7.2 Qualification Responsibility 7.3 Duration
124	7.4 Base Metal
125	7.5 Welding Consumables 7.6 Test Plate Thickness 7.7 General Requirements for WPS Qualification
126	7.8 Position of Test Welds 7.9 Options for WPS Qualification or Prequalification
127	7.10 Fillet Weld WPS Qualification 7.11 Prequalified WPS 7.12 Heat Input Qualifications
129	7.13 Electrogas Welding 7.14 Electroslag Welding
130	7.15 Type of Tests and Purpose 7.16 Weld Specimens—Number, Type, and Preparation
131	7.17 Nondestructive Testing (NDT) 7.18 Method of Testing Specimens 7.19 Test Results Required
132	7.20 Retests
133	Part B Welder, Welding Operator, and Tack Welder Qualification 7.21 General Requirements
134	7.22 Production Welding Positions Qualified 7.23 Qualification Tests Required
135	7.24 Limitations of Variables
136	7.25 Test Specimens: Number, Type, and Preparation 7.26 Method of Testing Specimens
137	7.27 Test Results Required
138	7.28 Retests
174	8. Inspection Part A General Requirements 8.1 General
175	8.2 Inspection of Materials 8.3 Inspection of WPS Qualification and Equipment 8.4 Inspection of Welder, Welding Operator, and Tack Welder Qualifications
176	8.5 Inspection of Work and Records 8.6 Obligations of the Contractor
177	8.7 Nondestructive Testing (NDT)
179	Part B Radiographic Testing (RT) of Groove Welds in Butt Joints 8.8 Extent of Testing 8.10 RT Procedure
182	8.11 Acceptability of Welds 8.12 Examination, Report, and Disposition of Radiographs
183	Part C Ultrasonic Testing (UT) of Groove Welds 8.13 General 8.14 Extent of Testing 8.15 UT Equipment
184	8.16 Reference Standards 8.17 Equipment Qualification
185	8.18 Calibration for Testing
186	8.19 Testing Procedures
187	8.20 Preparation and Disposition of Reports 8.21 Calibration of the UT Unit With IIW or Other Approved Reference Blocks
188	8.22 Equipment Qualification Procedures
190	8.23 Discontinuity Size Evaluation Procedures
191	8.24 Scanning Patterns 8.25 Examples of dB Accuracy Certification Part D Weld Acceptance Criteria 8.26 Quality of Welds
213	9. Stud Welding 9.1 Scope 9.2 General Requirements
214	9.3 Mechanical Requirements 9.4 Workmanship
215	9.5 Technique 9.6 Stud Application Qualification Requirements
216	9.7 Production Control
218	9.8 Inspection Requirements
222	10. Tubular Structures
223	11. Strengthening and Repairing Existing Structures
224	12. AASHTO/AWS Fracture Control Plan (FCP) for Nonredundant Members 12.1 General Provisions 12.2 Definitions 12.3 Contract Documents
225	12.4 Base Metal Requirements 12.5 Welding Processes 12.6 Consumable Requirements
228	12.7 Welding Procedure Specification (WPS)
229	12.8 Certification and Qualification 12.9 As-Received Inspection of Base Metal 12.10 Thermal Cutting 12.11 Repair of Base Metal
230	12.12 Straightening, Curving, and Cambering 12.13 Tack Welds and Temporary Welds 12.14 Preheat and Interpass Temperature Control 12.15 Postweld Thermal Treatments
231	12.16 Weld Inspection
232	12.17 Repair Welding
238	Annexes Normative Information Informative Information
240	Annex A (Normative) Effective Throat
242	Annex B (Normative) Effective Throats of Fillet Welds in Skewed T-Joints
244	Annex C (Normative) Flatness of Girder Webs—Bridges
249	Annex D (Normative) Manufacturer’s Stud Base Qualification Requirements D1. Purpose D2. Responsibility for Tests D3. Extent of Qualification D4. Duration of Qualification D5. Preparation of Specimens
250	D6. Number of Test Specimens D7. Tests D8. Retests D9. Acceptance D10. Manufacturer’s Qualification Test Data
253	Annex E (Normative) Part A Qualification and Calibration of the UT Unit with Other Approved Reference Blocks (see Figure 8.5B) E1. Longitudinal Mode E2. Shear Wave Mode (Transverse)
254	E3. Horizontal Linearity Procedure Part B UT Equipment Qualification Procedures
262	Annex F (Normative) Guidelines on Alternative Methods for Determining Preheat F1. Introduction F2. Methods F3. HAZ Hardness Control
263	F4. Hydrogen Control
264	F5. Selection of Method F6. Detailed Computation Guide
265	F6.2 Hydrogen Control Method
274	Annex G (Normative) Welding Requirements for Conventional, Nonfracture Critical AASHTO M 270M/M 270 (A709/A709M) HPS 485W [HPS 70W] Components with Reduced Preheat and Interpass Temperature G1. Purpose G2. Filler Metal Requirements G3. Additional NDT Testing Requirement
275	G4. WPS
276	Annex H (Normative) ESW Consumable Requirements H1. Electrode H2. Consumable Guide H3. Flux Moisture Content
278	Annex I (Normative) Guidelines for the Acceptance of Alternative ESW Processes
280	Annex J (Normative) Advanced Ultrasonic Examination J1. Introduction J2. Scope J3. Definitions
282	J4. Personnel Requirements. J5. Equipment
283	J6. Equipment Qualification J7. Scan Plans
285	J8. Calibration for Testing J8.1 Straight Beam Calibration. J8.2 Shear Wave Calibration J9. Examination Procedure
286	J10. Evaluation
287	J11. Data Analysis J12. Data Management J13. Documentation and Reporting J14. System Linearity Verification
288	J14.2 Display Height Linearity Verification Procedure J14.3 Amplitude Control Linearity Verification Procedure
289	J14.4 Time-Based Linearity (Horizontal Linearity) Verification Procedure J15. Background References
296	Annex K (Informative) Weld Quality Requirements for Tension Joints
298	Annex L (Informative) Description of Common Weld and Base Metal Discontinuities (Reprinted with modification from New York State Steel Construction Manual) L1. General L2. List of Discontinuities
310	Annex M (Informative) Short Circuiting Transfer
314	Annex N Suggested Sample Welding Forms
328	Annex O (Informative) Guide for Use of Electroslag Welding—Narrow Gap (ESW-NG) O1. General O2. Background Documents
329	O3. Definitions O4. Process Description O5. Equipment
331	O6. Electrodes and Flux
332	O7. Sumps and Run-off Tabs O8. Base Metals O9. Joint Design O10. Assembly and Alignment
333	O11. Application Restrictions O12. Process Variables
334	O13. Inspection O14. Repair
335	O15. Qualifications O16. Weld Quality O17. Troubleshooting Guide
342	Annex P Requesting an Official Interpretation of a Joint AASHTO/AWS Standard P1. Introduction P2. Limitations P3. General Procedure for all Requests
343	P4. AWS Policy on Interpretations P5. AWS Response to Requests P6. Telephone Inquiries
344	Commentary on Bridge Welding Code
346	Foreword
350	Commentary on Bridge Welding Code C-1. General Provisions C-1.1 Application
351	C-1.2 Base Metal C-1.3 Welding Processes
352	C-1.8 Standard Units of Measurement C-1.9 Welding Procedure Specifications (WPSs) C-1.10 Mechanical Testing
353	C-4. Design of Welded Connections Part A General Requirements C-4.1 Drawings
355	C-4.2 Basic Unit Stresses C-4.3 Effective Weld Areas, Lengths, Throats, and Sizes
356	Part B Structural Details C-4.4 General C-4.5 Welded Filler Plates
357	C-4.6 PJP Groove Welds Part C Details of Welded Joints C-4.7 Joint Qualification
358	C-4.8 Details of Fillet Welds
359	C-4.9 Details of Plug and Slot Welds C-4.10 Lap Joints C-4.11 Corner and T-Joints
360	C-4.12 CJP Groove Welds C-4.13 PJP Groove Welds
361	C-4.14 Prohibited Types of Joints and Welds
362	C-4.15 Combinations of Welds C-4.16 Welds in Combination with Rivets and Bolts C-4.17 Connection Details
368	C-5 Workmanship C-5.1 General Requirements
369	C-5.2 Preparation of Base Metal
374	C-5.3 Assembly
378	C-5.4 Control of Distortion and Shrinkage
381	C-5.5 Dimensional Tolerances
385	C-5.6 Weld Profiles C-5.7 Repairs
387	C-5.8 Peening
388	C-5.9 Caulking C-5.10 Arc Strikes C-5.11 Weld Cleaning C-5.12 Weld Termination
389	C-5.13 Weld Backing
396	C-6. Technique. Part A General Requirements C-6.1 Filler Metal Requirements
398	C-6.2 Preheat and Interpass Temperature Requirements
401	C-6.3 Heat Input Control for Grade HPS 690W [HPS 100W] Steel
402	C-6.4 Stress Relief Heat Treatment
403	Part B Shielded Metal Arc Welding C-6.5 Electrodes For SMAW
405	C-6.6 Procedures for SMAW
406	Part C Submerged Arc Welding (SAW) C-6.7 General Requirements
407	C-6.8 Electrodes and Fluxes for SAW
409	C-6.9 Procedures for Submerged Arc Welding with a Single Electrode C-6.10 Procedures for SAW with Parallel and Multiple Electrodes
410	Part D Gas Metal Arc Welding (GMAW) and Flux Cored Arc Welding (FCAW) C-6.11 GMAW/FCAW Electrodes C-6.12 Shielding Gas
411	C-6.13 Procedures for GMAW and FCAW with a Single Electrode
412	C-6.20 Condition of Flux. See Annex O. C-6.21 Consumable Guide Electrical Insulators. See Annex O. Part G Plug and Slot Welds C-6.23 Plug Welds
413	C-6.24 Slot Welds C-6.25 Plug and Slot Welds Part H Control of Production Welding Variables C-6.27 Control of Variables C-6.28 Calibration of Equipment C-6.29 Current Control
415	C-7. Qualification Introduction C-7.0 Scope
416	Part A Welding Procedure Specification (WPS) Qualification C-7.1 Approval
417	C-7.2 Qualification Responsibility
418	C-7.3 Duration C-7.4 Base Metal
419	C-7.5 Welding Consumables
420	C-7.6 Test Plate Thickness C-7.7 General Requirements for WPS Qualification
422	C-7.8 Position of Test Welds C-7.9 Options for WPS Qualification or Prequalification C-7.10 Fillet Weld WPS Qualification
423	C-7.11 Prequalified WPS C-7.12 Heat Input Qualifications
428	C-7.13 Electrogas Welding C-7.14 Electroslag Welding
429	C-7.15 Type of Tests and Purpose C-7.17 Nondestructive Testing (NDT) C-7.18 Method of Testing Specimens C-7.19 Test Results Required Part B Welder, Welding Operator, and Tack Welder Qualification
430	C-7.21 General Requirements.
431	C-7.24 Limitations of Variables C-7.26 Method of Testing Specimens C-7.28 Retests.
435	C-8. Inspection Part A General Requirements C-8.1 General
437	C-8.2 Inspection of Materials C-8.3 Inspection of WPS Qualification and Equipment C-8.4 Inspection of Welder, Welding Operator, and Tack Welder Qualifications
438	C-8.5 Inspection of Work and Records
439	C-8.6 Obligations of the Contractor C-8.7 Nondestructive Testing (NDT)
442	Part B Radiographic Testing (RT) of Groove Welds in Butt Joints C-8.9 General C-8.10 RT Procedure
445	C-8.11 Acceptability of Welds C-8.12 Examination, Report, and Disposition of Radiographs Part C Ultrasonic Testing (UT) of Groove Welds C-8.13 General
446	C-8.14 Extent of Testing C-8.15 UT Equipment C-8.16 Reference Standards C-8.17 Equipment Qualification
447	C-8.18 Calibration for Testing C-8.19 Testing Procedures
449	C-8.20 Preparation and Disposition of Reports C-8.21 Calibration of the UT Unit with IIW or Other Approved Reference Blocks C-8.22 Equipment Qualification Procedures C-8.23 Discontinuity Size Evaluation Procedures
450	C-8.24 Scanning Patterns C-8.25 Examples of dB Accuracy Certification Part D Weld Acceptance Criteria C-8.26 Quality of Welds
459	C-9. Stud Welding C-9.1 Scope C-9.2 General Requirements
460	C-9.3 Mechanical Requirements C-9.4 Workmanship
461	C-9.5 Technique
462	C-9.6 Stud Application Qualification Requirements
463	C-9.7 Production Control
464	C-9.8 Inspection Requirements
465	C-12. AASHTO/AWS Fracture Control Plan (FCP) for Nonredundant Members C-12.1 General Provisions C-12.2 Definitions
466	C-12.3 Contract Documents
467	C-12.4 Base Metal Requirements
468	C-12.5 Welding Processes C-12.6 Consumable Requirements
473	C-12.7 Welding Procedure Specification (WPS) C-12.8 Certification and Qualification
474	C-12.9 As-Received Inspection of Base Metal C-12.10 Thermal Cutting
475	C-12.11 Repair of Base Metal C-12.12 Straightening, Curving, and Cambering C-12.13 Tack Welds and Temporary Welds
476	C-12.14 Preheat and Interpass Temperature Control
478	C-12.15 Postweld Thermal Treatments C-12.16 Weld Inspection
479	C-12.17 Repair Welding
482	C-Annex G Welding Requirements for Conventional, Nonfracture Critical AASHTO M 270M/M 270 (A709/A709M) HPS 485W [HPS 70W] Components with Reduced Preheat and Interpass Temperature C-G2. Filler Metal Requirements
484	C-Annex H ESW Consumable Requirements
486	C-Annex J Advanced Ultrasonic Examination
490	Index A B
491	C
492	D
493	E
495	F
496	G
497	H I
498	J K L
499	M N O P
500	Q
501	R
502	S
503	T
504	U V
505	W
506	X Y Z
508	List of AWS Documents on Structural Welding

AWS D1.1 D1.1M 2020

Sat, 19 Oct 2024 12:37:52 +0000

This standard specifies essential properties of materials used for resistance welding electrodes and related components, the common applications of these materials, and methods of conformance verification.

PDF Catalog

PDF Pages	PDF Title
1	AWS_Cover_Colour
2	Title page
3	Copyright page
4	Statement on the Use of American Welding Society Standards
6	Personnel
14	Foreword
18	Table of Contents
23	List of Tables
25	List of Figures
30	1. General Requirements 1.1 Scope 1.2 Standard Units of Measurement
31	1.3 Safety Precautions 1.4 Limitations 1.5 Responsibilities
32	1.6 Approval 1.7 Mandatory and Nonmandatory Provisions 1.8 Welding Symbols
33	2. Normative References
36	3. Terms and Definitions
46	4. Design of Welded Connections 4.1 Scope 4.2 General 4.3 Contract Plans and Specifications
47	4.4 Effective Areas
50	4.5 General 4.6 Stresses
52	4.7 Joint Configuration and Details 4.8 Joint Configuration and Details—Groove Welds
53	4.9 Joint Configuration and Details—Fillet Welded Joints
54	4.10 Joint Configuration and Details—Plug and Slot Welds 4.11 Filler Plates 4.12 Built-Up Members
55	4.13 General 4.14 Limitations 4.15 Calculation of Stresses 4.16 Allowable Stresses and Stress Ranges
57	4.17 Detailing, Fabrication, and Erection
58	4.18 Prohibited Joints and Welds
59	4.19 Inspection
91	5. Prequalification of WPSs 5.1 Scope 5.2 General WPS Requirements
92	5.3 Base Metal 5.4 Weld Joints
94	5.5 Welding Processes 5.6 Filler Metal and Shielding Gas
95	5.7 Preheat and Interpass Temperature Requirements
96	5.8 WPS Requirements 5.9 Postweld Heat Treatment
153	6. Qualification 6.1 Scope 6.2 General
154	6.3 Common Requirements for WPS and Welding Personnel Performance Qualification 6.4 Production Welding Positions Qualified 6.5 Type of Qualification Tests
155	6.6 Weld Types for WPS Qualification 6.7 Preparation of WPS 6.8 Essential Variables
156	6.9 WPS Requirements for Production Welding Using Existing Non-Waveform or Waveform WPSs
157	6.10 Methods of Testing and Acceptance Criteria for WPS Qualification
159	6.11 CJP Groove Welds 6.12 PJP Groove Welds
160	6.13 Fillet Welds 6.14 Plug and Slot Welds
161	6.15 Welding Processes Requiring Qualification 6.16 General
162	6.17 Type of Qualification Tests Required 6.18 Weld Types for Welder and Welding Operator Performance Qualification 6.19 Preparation of Performance Qualification Forms 6.20 Essential Variables
163	6.21 CJP Groove Welds for Nontubular Connections 6.22 Extent of Qualification 6.23 Methods of Testing and Acceptance Criteria for Welder and Welding Operator Qualification
164	6.24 Method of Testing and Acceptance Criteria for Tack Welder Qualification 6.25 Retest
165	6.26 General: CVN Testing
166	6.27 CVN Tests
167	6.28 Combining FCAW-S with Other Welding Processes in a Single Joint 6.29 Reporting
217	7. Fabrication 7.1 Scope 7.2 Base Metal 7.3 Welding Consumables and Electrode Requirements
219	7.4 ESW and EGW Processes
220	7.5 WPS Variables 7.6 Preheat and Interpass Temperatures 7.7 Heat Input Control for Quenched and Tempered Steels 7.8 Stress-Relief Heat Treatment
221	7.9 Backing
222	7.10 Welding and Cutting Equipment 7.11 Welding Environment 7.12 Conformance with Design 7.13 Minimum Fillet Weld Sizes 7.14 Preparation of Base Metal
224	7.15 Reentrant Corners
225	7.16 Weld Access Holes, Beam Copes, and Connection Material 7.17 Tack Welds and Construction Aid Welds
226	7.18 Camber in Built-Up Members 7.19 Splices 7.20 Control of Distortion and Shrinkage
227	7.21 Tolerance of Joint Dimensions
228	7.22 Dimensional Tolerance of Welded Structural Members
230	7.23 Weld Profiles
231	7.24 Technique for Plug and Slot Welds 7.25 Repairs
232	7.26 Peening
233	7.27 Caulking 7.28 Arc Strikes 7.29 Weld Cleaning 7.30 Weld Tabs (See 7.2.2)
245	8. Inspection 8.1 Scope
247	8.2 Inspection of Materials and Equipment 8.3 Inspection of WPSs 8.4 Inspection of Welder, Welding Operator, and Tack Welder Qualifications 8.5 Inspection of Work and Records
248	8.6 Obligations of the Contractor 8.7 Scope 8.8 Engineer’s Approval for Alternate Acceptance Criteria 8.9 Visual Inspection 8.10 Penetrant Testing (PT) and Magnetic Particle Testing (MT)
249	8.11 Nondestructive Testing (NDT) 8.12 Radiographic Testing (RT)
250	8.13 Ultrasonic Testing (UT)
251	8.14 Procedures
252	8.15 Extent of Testing 8.16 RT of Groove Welds in Butt Joints
253	8.17 RT Procedures
255	8.18 Examination, Report, and Disposition of Radiographs
256	8.19 General 8.20 Qualification Requirements
257	8.21 UT Equipment 8.22 Reference Standards
258	8.23 Equipment Qualification 8.24 Calibration for Testing
259	8.25 Testing Procedures
260	8.26 Preparation and Disposition of Reports
261	8.27 Calibration of the UT Unit with IIW Type or Other Approved Reference Blocks (Annex G)
262	8.28 Equipment Qualification Procedures
264	8.29 Discontinuity Size Evaluation Procedures 8.30 Scanning Patterns (See Figure 8.15)
265	8.31 Examples of dB Accuracy Certification 8.32 General Requirements 8.33 Radiation Imaging Systems
266	8.34 Advanced Ultrasonic Systems 8.35 Additional Requirements
299	9. Stud Welding 9.1 Scope 9.2 General Requirements
300	9.3 Mechanical Requirements 9.4 Workmanship/Fabrication
301	9.5 Technique
302	9.6 Stud Application Qualification Requirements
303	9.7 Production Control 9.8 Fabrication and Verification Inspection Requirements
304	9.9 Manufacturers’ Stud Base Qualification Requirements
312	10. Tubular Structures 10.1 Scope 10.2 Design Criteria
314	10.3 Identification and Parts of Tubular Connections 10.4 Symbols 10.5 Weld Design
315	10.6 Thickness Transition
316	10.7 Material Limitations 10.8 Fillet Weld Requirements 10.9 PJP Requirements
317	10.10 CJP Groove Weld Requirements 10.11 Common Requirements for WPS and Welding Personnel Performance Qualification 10.12 Production Welding Positions Qualified
318	10.13 Type of Qualification Tests, Methods of Testing, and Acceptance Criteria for WPS Qualification 10.14 CJP Groove Welds for Tubular Connections
319	10.15 PJP and Fillet Welds Tubular T-, Y-, or K-Connections and Butt Joints 10.16 Production Welding Positions, Thicknesses, and Diameters Qualified
320	10.17 Weld Types for Welder and Welding Operator Performance Qualification 10.18 CJP Groove Welds for Tubular Connections 10.19 PJP Groove Welds for Tubular Connections 10.20 Fillet Welds for Tubular Connections
321	10.21 Methods of Testing and Acceptance Criteria for Welder and Welding Operator Qualification 10.22 Backing
322	10.23 Tolerance of Joint Dimensions 10.24 Visual Inspection 10.25 NDT 10.26 UT
323	10.27 RT Procedures 10.28 Supplementary RT Requirements for Tubular Connections 10.29 UT of Tubular T-, Y-, and K-Connections
376	11. Strengthening and Repair of Existing Structures 11.1 Scope 11.2 General 11.3 Base Metal 11.4 Design for Strengthening and Repair
377	11.5 Fatigue Life Enhancement 11.6 Workmanship and Technique 11.7 Quality
378	Annexes
380	Annex A (Normative)Effective Throats of Fillet Welds in Skewed T-Joints
382	Annex B (Normative)Guideline on Alternative Methods for Determining Preheat
394	Annex D (Normative)Temperature-Moisture Content Charts
398	Annex E (Normative)Flatness of Girder Webs—Statically Loaded Structures
402	Annex F (Normative)Flatness of Girder Webs—Cyclically Loaded Structures
408	Annex G (Normative) Qualification and Calibration of UT Units with Other Approved Reference Blocks
412	Annex H (Normative) Phased Array Ultrasonic Testing (PAUT)
428	Annex I (Normative) Symbols for Tubular Connection Weld Design
432	Annex J (Informative) Sample Welding Forms
454	Annex K (Informative) Contents of Prequalified WPS
456	Annex L (Informative) Filler Metal Strength Properties
468	Annex M (Informative) AWS A5.36 Filler Metal Classifications and Properties
484	Annex N (Informative) Guide for Specification Writers
486	Annex O (Informative) UT Examination of Welds by Alternative Techniques
504	Annex P (Informative) UT Equipment Qualification and Inspection Forms
514	Annex Q (Informative) Local Dihedral Angle
520	Annex R (Informative) Preliminary Design Circular Tube Connections
526	Annex S (Informative) List of Reference Documents
528	Annex T (Informative) Guidelines for the Preparation of Technical Inquiries for the Structural Welding Committee
530	Commentary on Structural Welding Code—Steel
648	List of AWS Documents on Structural Welding
650	Index
664	AWS_Back Cover_Colour

AWS D17.1 D17.1M 2017 AMD2

Sat, 19 Oct 2024 11:54:57 +0000

This specification provides the general welding requirements for welding aircraft and space hardware. It includes but is not limited to the fusion welding of aluminum-based, nickel-based, iron-based, cobalt-based, magnesium-based, and titanium-based alloys using electric arc and high energy beam processes. There are requirements for welding design, personnel and procedure qualification, inspection, and acceptance criteria for aerospace, support, and non-flight hardware. Additional requirements cover repair welding of existing hardware. A commentary for the specification is included.

PDF Catalog

PDF Pages	PDF Title
1	Cover Page
2	Title Page Abstract
3	Copyright
4	Statement on the Use of American Welding Society Standards
6	Personnel (Amendment)
8	Personnel (Original)
10	Foreword
12	Amendment
16	Table of Contents
18	List of Tables List of Figures
20	Specification for Fusion Welding for Aerospace Applications 1. General Requirements
21	2. Normative References
22	3. Terms and Definitions
23	4. Design of Welded Connections
24	5. Welding Procedure and Performance Qualification
48	6. Fabrication
55	7. Inspection
62	8. Repair of Existing Structures
63	9. Nonflight Hardware
70	Annex A (Normative) Guidelines for Design, Analysis, and Fabricationof Weld Joints
84	Annex B (Normative) Bend Testing Criteria
92	Annex C (Informative) Informative References
94	Annex D (Informative) Cross Referenced UNS numbers to [proprietarytradenames], ASTM, and AISI Designations
96	Annex E (Informative) Requesting an Official Interpretation onan AWS Standard
98	Annex F (Informative) Commentary
108	Annex G (Informative) Samples of Welding Forms for WPSs, PQRs, and WelderPerformance Qualifications
114	Annex H (Informative) Qualified Positions for Production Welding
118	Annex I (Informative) Common Acronyms Used in this Standard
120	List of AWS Documents on Welding in the Aircraft and Aerospace Industries
122	Back Cover

AWS D1.4 D1.4M 2018

Sat, 19 Oct 2024 11:26:32 +0000

This code covers the requirements for welding steel reinforcing bars in most reinforced concrete applications. It contains a body of rules for the regulations of welding steel reinforcing bars and provides suitable acceptance criteria for such welds.

PDF Catalog

PDF Pages	PDF Title
1	Cover Page
2	Title Page Abstract
3	Copyright Page
4	Statement on the Use of American Welding Society Standards
6	Personnel
8	Foreword
10	Table of Contents………
12	List of Tables… List of Figures
14	Structural Welding Code—Steel Reinforcing Bars 1. General Requirements 1.1 Scope 1.2 Units of Measurement 1.3 Safety
15	1.4 Application 1.5 Steel Reinforcing Bar Base Metal
16	1.6 Welding Processes
17	2. Normative References
19	3. Terms and Definitions
20	4. Design of Welded Joints 4.1 Design Basis 4.2 Effective Weld Areas, Lengths, Throats, and Sizes
21	4.3 Other Limit States
24	5. Structural Details 5.1 Transition in Bar Size Number 5.2 Joint Types 5.3 Direct Butt Joints 5.4 Indirect Butt Joints 5.5 Lap Joints 5.6 Lap Joints in an Anchorage 5.7 Interconnection of Precast Members
32	6. Workmanship 6.1 Preparation of Base Metal 6.2 Assembly
33	6.3 Control of Distortion, Shrinkage, and Heat 6.4 Quality of Welds
38	7. Technique 7.1 Filler Metal Requirements 7.2 Minimum Preheat and Interpass Temperature Requirements 7.3 Welding Environment
39	7.4 Arc Strikes 7.5 Weld Cleaning 7.6 Tack Welds 7.7 Progression of Welding 7.8 Welding of Coated Base Metal 7.9 SMAW Electrodes
40	7.10 GMAW Electrodes 7.11 FCAW Electrodes 7.12 GTAW Electrodes and Filler Metals
41	7.13 Shielding Gas
46	8. Qualification 8.1 General 8.2 WPS Qualification
48	8.3 Welder Qualification
50	8.4 Retests
51	8.5 Period of Effectiveness 8.6 Records
65	9. Inspection 9.1 General Conditions 9.2 Inspection of Base Metals 9.3 Inspection of WPS Qualification and Equipment 9.4 Inspection of Welder Qualifications
66	9.5 Inspection of Work and Records 9.6 Obligations of the Contractor 9.7 Nondestructive Testing
67	9.8 Personnel Qualification 9.9 Radiographic Testing
74	Annex A (Informative) Sample Welding Forms
80	Annex B (Informative) Nominal Dimensions of ASTM Standard Reinforcing Bars
82	Annex C (Informative) Temperature–Moisture Content Charts
86	Annex D (Informative) Requesting an Official Interpretation on an AWS Standard D1. Introduction D2. Limitations D3. General Procedure for all Requests
87	D4. AWS Policy on Interpretations D5. AWS Response to Requests D6. Telephone Inquiries
88	Commentary on Structural Welding Code—Steel Reinforcing Bars
90	Foreword
92	Commentary on Structural Welding Code—Steel Reinforcing Bars C-6. Workmanship C-6.1 Preparation of Base Metal
93	C-7. Technique C-7.11 FCAW and Metal Cored Specification
94	C-9. Inspection
96	List of AWS Documents on Structural Welding
98	Back Cover

AWS D10.18M D10.18 2018 FinalPrint ColorCover For Digital Copy

Sat, 19 Oct 2024 11:15:25 +0000

This standard presents a detailed discussion of the metallurgical and welding characteristics and weldability of duplex stainless steel used in piping and tubing. A number of tables and graphs are presented in order to illustrate the text.

PDF Catalog

PDF Pages	PDF Title
1	AWS D10.18M/D10.18:2018
2	Abstract
4	Statement on the Use of American Welding Society Standards
6	Personnel
8	Foreword
10	Table of Contents
12	List of Tables List of Figures
14	1. General Requirements
15	2. Normative References 3. Terms and Definitions 4. Material Compositions and Specifications
17	5. Basic Metallurgy
20	6. Corrosion 7. Joint Design and Fit-Up
23	8. Filler Metals
24	9. Welding Processes
25	10. Welding Procedures
27	11. Weldment Quality Verification
30	Annex A (Informative)—Guidelines for Weld Corrosion Testing and Welding Procedure Controls for Corrosion Considerations
32	Annex B (Informative)—Informative References
34	Annex C (Informative)—Requesting an Official Interpretation on an AWS Standard
36	List of AWS Documents on Piping and Tubing

AWS D1.3 D1.3M 2018

Sat, 19 Oct 2024 11:15:24 +0000

This code covers the requirements associated with welding sheet steel having a minimum specified yield point no greater than 80 ksi [550 MPa]. The code requirements cover any welded joint made from the commonly used structural quality low-carbon hot rolled and cold rolled sheet and strip steel with or without zinc coating (galvanized). Clause 1 includes general provisions, Clause 4 design, Clause 5 prequalification, Clause 6 qualification, Clause 7 fabrication, and Clause 8 inspection.

PDF Catalog

PDF Pages	PDF Title
1	Untitled
2	Title Page Abstract
3	Copyright Page
4	Statement on the Use of American Welding Society Standards
6	Dedication
8	Personnel
10	Foreword
11	Summary of Changes
12	Table of Contents
14	List of Tables List of Figures
15	List of Forms
16	Structural Welding Code—Sheet Steel 1. General Requirements 1.1 Scope 1.2 Standard Units of Measurement 1.3 Safety
17	1.4 Sheet Steel Base Metal 1.5 Welding Processes 1.6 Weld Metal Requirements
18	1.7 Weld Types
19	1.8 Welding Symbols
26	2. Normative References
28	3. Terms and Definitions
31	4. Design of Welded Connections Part A Allowable Load Capacities Components to be Used in Design Formulae 4.1 Base Metal Stresses 4.2 Alternate Allowable Load Capacities in Weld Joints
34	Part B Details of Welded Connections
43	5. Prequalification of WPSs 5.1 Scope 5.2 General 5.3 Joint Details
49	6. Qualification 6.1 Scope Part A General Requirements 6.2 Preparation of a WPS and PQR 6.3 Engineer’s Approval 6.4 Responsibility 6.5 WPS Requirements
50	Part B Welding Procedure Specification (WPS) 6.6 Essential Variable Limitations 6.7 Number of Tests, Testing Methods, and Acceptance Standards for WPS Qualification
54	Part C Welder Performance Qualification 6.8 Essential Variables
55	6.9 Number of Tests and Methods for Welder Performance Qualification 6.10 Duration of Qualification
73	7. Fabrication 7.1 General 7.2 Preparation of Base Metal 7.3 Assembly
74	7.4 Allowable Deviation from WPS for Lower Temperatures Using Annex A, Note 1
75	8. Inspection Part A Acceptance Criteria 8.1 Production Weld Acceptance Criteria Part BContractor’s Responsibility 8.2 Inspection of WPS and Welder Qualifications 8.3 Inspection of Work
76	Annex A (Normative)Applicable Provision Requirements When Welding D1.3Sheet Steels to D1.1 Other Steel Product Forms
78	Annex B (Informative) Sample Welding Forms
82	Annex C (Informative) Requesting an Official Interpretation on an AWS Standard C1. Introduction C2. Limitations C3. General Procedure for all Requests
83	C4. AWS Policy on Interpretations C5. AWS Response to Requests C6. Telephone Inquiries
84	Annex D (Informative) Gage Numbers and Equivalent Thicknesses
86	Annex E (Informative) Reference Documents
88	Commentary on Structural Welding Code — Sheet Steel
90	Commentary on Structural Welding Code — Sheet Steel C-1. General Requirements C-1.1 Scope
92	C-4. Design of Welded Connections
96	C-6. Workmanship C-6.6 Essential Variable Limitations
98	C-7. Fabrication C-7.2 Preparation of Base Metal C-7.3 Assembly C-7.4 Allowable Deviation from WPS for Lower Temperatures using Annex A, Note 1.
102	C-Annex A C-A. Applicable Provision Requirements When Welding D1.3 Sheet Steels to D1.1 Other SteelProduct Forms References
104	List of AWS Documents on Structural Welding
106	Back Cover

F1.6:2017 Guide for Estimating Welding Emissions for EPA and Ventilation Permit Reporting

Sat, 19 Oct 2024 10:54:25 +0000

F1.6:2017 Guide for Estimating Welding Emissions for EPA and Ventilation Permit Reporting

Published By	Publication Date	Number of Pages
AWS	2017	22

F4.1:2017 Safe Practices for the Preparation of Containers and Piping for Welding, Cutting, and Allied Processes

Sat, 19 Oct 2024 10:54:25 +0000

F4.1:2017 Safe Practices for the Preparation of Containers and Piping for Welding, Cutting, and Allied Processes

Published By	Publication Date	Number of Pages
AWS	2017	22

D3.6M:2017 Underwater Welding Code

Sat, 19 Oct 2024 10:54:24 +0000

D3.6M:2017 Underwater Welding Code

Published By	Publication Date	Number of Pages
AWS	2017

D16.3M/D16.3:2017 Risk Assessment Guide for Robotic Welding

Sat, 19 Oct 2024 10:54:24 +0000

D16.3M/D16.3:2017 Risk Assessment Guide for Robotic Welding

Published By	Publication Date	Number of Pages
AWS	2017	38