In addition to improved fuel economy and reduced emissions, 48 V systems could potentially save costs on new electrical features and help better address the emerging needs of future drivers. Challenges to 48 V system implementation remain, leading to discussions by experts from leading car makers and suppliers on the need for an international 48 V standard. Initial steps toward a proposed standard have already been taken. So the consensus of global forecasts suggests that 48 V mild hybrids will soon come to dominate the market. Compared with 200-600 V full hybrid and battery electric vehicles, the lower-voltage approach avoids the need for high-cost safety features and large battery packs.

Additive Manufacturing for Designers: A Primer, written by Dr. Amy Elliott from Oak Ridge National Laboratory and Dr. Cynthia K. Waters from North Carolina A&T State University discusses the topics needed for a holistic understanding of the many micro and macro components of the world of 3D printing.

Additive Manufacturing for Designers: A Primer takes the reader on a journey beginning with important aspects of AM part design and process dependence, including resolution and tolerance issues of interest to any manufacturer. It also offers useful insights into how to build especially complex parts and avoid expensive mistakes during and after the manufacturing process is completed.

Today’s airframers have taken on more of the role of systems integrators, putting the focus on the aircraft as a system-of-many-systems. Whereas an aircraft integrates many different systems into a single design, the system of systems which supports it is built by federating the systems of the different organizations, which were built and run independently of each other.

Aircraft as a System of Systems: A Business Process Perspective provides a thorough analysis of how building aircraft taps into a huge pool of knowledge, how its complexity is also reflected in the numerous process links that exchange knowledge between different groups. But unlike conventional business processes, design processes do not follow one step after another – rather, a decision made at one point in the design is communicated to other areas of the design, which may in turn feed back new constraints that force the first decision to be revised.

Aerospace Predictive Maintenance: Fundamental Concepts provides a history of maintenance, and how performance, safety and the environment make direct demands on maintenance to deliver more for less in multiple industries. It also covers Integrated Vehicle Health Management (IVHM) that aims to provide a platformcentric framework for PdM in the mobility domain.

The book discusses PdM maturity, offering a context of the transformation of
data through information and knowledge. Understanding some of the precepts
of knowledge management provides a really useful and powerful perspective
on PdM as an information system. On the other hand, Aerospace Predictive
Maintenance: Fundamental Concepts also discusses disadvantages of PdM
and shows how these may be addressed. One of the fundamental changes PdM
implies is a shift from deterministic black-and-white thinking to more nuanced
decision making informed by probabilities and uncertainty. Other concerns such
as data management, privacy and ownership are tackled as well.

Aerospace Predictive Maintenance: Fundamental Concepts covers additional technologies, such as the Industrial Internet of Things (IIOT) that will result in
proliferation of cheap, wireless, ultra-low-power sensors, and will transform PdM
into a more economical option. The book brings in the future possibilities of nano
technology, which can be used for new sensors, micro-robotics for inspections
and self-healing/repairing of systems which can be intergrated with PdM.

Chapter topics include:

• impact of FCEV commercialization
• ways to address barriers to the market introduction of alternative vehicles
• new hydrogen infrastructure cost comparisons
• onboard chemical hydride storage
• optimization of a fuel cell hybrid vehicle powertrain design

Since the 1980s, commercial aviation, like many other industries, looked for ways of more economically sourcing parts and services. The new partnerships between OEMs and suppliers at multiple levels, did make the industry nimbler and more flexible. Yet, it also introduced a higher level of instability, risks and vulnerabilities to the aviation ecosystem.

Supply Chain Vulnerabilities Impacting Commercial Aviation discusses the
differences in requirements depending on the buyer of the aircraft (governmental or not), ranging from delivery delays to risks linked to cybersecurity and the Internet of Things (IoT), including possible problems with faulty sensors and counterfeit parts. The book also analyses the consequences of not having visibility into lower-tier suppliers, and how prepared they are when it comes to possible disruptions such as earthquakes or political unrest.

As organizations have become aware of counterfeit parts, one of their responses may be to test upon acceptance or prior to receipt. But testing alone may not detect all counterfeits.

Possible sources of counterfeits include products that did not meet quality control requirements and were not destroyed, overruns sold into the market place, unauthorized production shifts, theft, and e-waste. The counterfeited electronic part ends up in the supply chain when ordered by an unsuspecting buyer, who does not confirm the originating source of the part.

The second edition of Counterfeit Parts and Their Impact on the Supply Chain expands on the latest insights of what is really happening in the world of supply chains, quality monitoring and testing, counterfeiting mitigation and avoidance strategy.

It brings new light into the consequences of weak supply-chain monitoring and how costs, reliability and reputation are negatively impacted by counterfeit products and components.

The use of electric propulsion in airplanes is not a new phenomenon. However, it is only recently that it has taken off in a concrete manner with a viable commercial future.

Electric Flight Technology: Unfolding of a New Future reviews the history of this field, discusses the key underlying technologies, and describes how the future for these technologies will likely unfold, distinguishing between all-electric (AE) and hybrid-electric (HE) architectures.

Written by Dr. Ravi Rajamani, it covers the essential information needed to understand this new technology wave taking hold in the aerospace industry.

Electric Flight Technology: Unfolding of a New Future covers fundamental topics such as:

• The history of electric propulsion, including its evolution from using traditional electricity, to solar power to batteries as sources to sustain propulsion and flight.
• The various architectures being considered for electric aircraft, specifically small general aviation (GA) aircraft and larger business jets; single-aisle commercial aircraft; and larger twin-aisle commercial aircraft.
• The various systems and subsystems of an electric aircraft, along with how various subsystems in the vehicle can be integrated in a more optimal manner. In the future, the existing tube-and-wing configuration will not be the only available architecture; instead we will be more likely to find an architecture where the propulsion system is embedded within the airframe.
• The future trends in this arena and what we can expect to see in the next decade or so.