Standard 146 provides methods of test testing for heating capacity and energy efficiency for rating pool heaters. The standard applies to forced-circulation heaters operated by gas, oil, and\/or electricity, as well as hybrid heaters. New in the 2020 edition: – Reformatted the standard as a method of test. – Expanded the scope to include heat-pump pool heaters that use earth, water, or brine as the heat source and hybrid pool heaters equipped with both a fossil-fueled burner and a heat pump. – Revised the test method to address the products included by the expanded scope. – Updated definitions and references. – Modified the specification for use of the optional recirculating loop to make clear it applies only when required by the manufacturer. – Added test methods to measure the standby and OFF-mode energy consumption. – Deleted two obsolete informative appendices have been deleted and added a new Informative Appendix B describing test conditions used by the U.S. Department of Energy to rate pool heaters.<\/p>\n
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| 1<\/td>\n | ANSI\/ASHRAE Standard 146-2020 <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 3<\/td>\n | CONTENTS <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 4<\/td>\n | FOREWORD 1. PURPOSE 2. SCOPE 2.1 This standard provides methods of testing for heating capacity and energy efficiency. 2.2 This standard applies to forced circulation heaters operated by gas, oil, and\/or electricity\u2014 including heat pumps using ambient air, earth, water, or a brine solution as a heat source\u2014and hybrid heaters. 3. DEFINITIONS <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 5<\/td>\n | 4. CLASSIFICATIONS 5. REQUIREMENTS <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 6<\/td>\n | 6. INSTRUMENTS 6.1 General. Instruments are required for the following measurements with the minimum precision noted. Instruments shall be calibrated at a minimum of once per year. A record shall be kept containing, as a minimum, the date of calibration, the method… 6.2 Temperature. Temperature measuring devices and any associated instrumentation systems shall be in accordance with ANSI\/ASHRAE Standard 41.1, Standard Method for Temperature Measurement 1. Temperature measuring devices for measuring ambient air an… 6.3 Pressure. Pressure measuring instruments shall have errors no greater than the following: 6.4 Draft. Draft gages shall have an accuracy of \u00b11.2 Pa (\u00b10.005 in. of water). Minimum divisions on the draft gage shall be 1.2 Pa (0.005 in. of water). 6.5 Mass. Measuring instruments shall have an accuracy sufficient to ensure an error no greater than 0.5% of the total mass measured. 6.6 Time. Timing instruments shall have an error no greater than \u00b10.5 s\/h. 6.7 Electrical Instruments 6.8 Higher Heating Value. Devices used to measure the higher heating value of either natural gas, propane, or fuel oil shall have an error no greater than \u00b11.0%. 6.9 Water Flow. Water flow rate and quantity shall be measured by either a flowmeter or a tank and scale. Conversion to mass of water, where required, shall be based on the specific volume listed in 2013 ASHRAE Handbook\u2014Fundamentals 3, Chapter 6, T… 6.10 Combustion Products. Instruments used to measure the concentration of carbon dioxide shall have an error no greater than \u00b12.5% of the reading. 6.11 Smoke. Smoke measuring instruments shall comply with requirements for smoke meters as outlined in ASTM D2156, Test Method for Smoke Density in Flue Gases from Burning Distillate Fuels 4. 6.12 Relative Humidity. Relative humidity shall be measured with an accuracy of \u00b11.5% rh, and such measurements shall be made in accordance with ASHRAE Standard 41.6, Standard Method for Humidity Measurement 5. <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 7<\/td>\n | 7. APPARATUS 7.1 Test Platform. The equipment to be tested shall be installed in the test room in accordance with the manufacturer\u2019s installation instructions using recommended installation procedures and accessories. In all cases, the recommendations in the ma… 7.2 Water Piping. Water piping shall be installed consistent with the plumbing illustrated in Figure 1 or Figure 2, as appropriate. Any piping components or insulation supplied with the pool heater shall be included. Install a pressure gage and tempe… 7.3 Temperature Measuring Device Locations <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 10<\/td>\n | 7.4 Flue Requirements <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 11<\/td>\n | 7.5 Fuel or Energy Consumption Measurement. Install one or more instruments that measure, as appropriate, the quantity and rate of electrical energy, natural gas, liquefied petroleum (LP) gas, and fuel oil consumed by the pool heater. 7.6 Water Supply. The water supply shall be capable of delivering water at the conditions specified in Section 8.3. 7.7 Test Conditions and Start-up for Heat-Pump Pool Heaters <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 14<\/td>\n | 8. METHODS OF TESTING 8.1 General. The pool heater shall be installed and operated in accordance with the manufacturer\u2019s installation instructions unless specifically required otherwise by the test method. The pool heater shall be equipped with the apparatus described i… 8.2 Energy Supply <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 16<\/td>\n | 8.3 Water Supply. Water temperatures and flow rates shall be as shown in Table 1, and the flow rate shall be maintained throughout the test at \u00b12%. 8.4 Power Input Adjustment 8.5 Ratings for Models not Tested. Where there is similarity in design between different models of pool heaters that will not significantly affect performance, ratings for untested models may be established based on test results obtained for a simila… 9. TEST PROCEDURES 9.1 Test Preparation. All test observations shall be within the tolerances specified in Table 4 as appropriate to the test methods and type of equipment. <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 17<\/td>\n | 9.2 Thermal Efficiency Test. After the equilibrium condition required in Section 9.1 is reached, begin the thermal efficiency test. 9.3 Standby-Mode Energy Consumption Test. Following the 30-minute thermal efficiency test procedure, reduce the thermostat setting to a low enough temperature to put the pool heater into standby mode. Reapply the energy sources and continue to measur… <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 18<\/td>\n | 10. DATA TO BE RECORDED <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 19<\/td>\n | 11. CALCULATION OF RESULTS 11.1 Thermal Efficiency or COP. From the supply and outlet water temperatures recorded during the thermal efficiency test (Section 9.2), calculate the average of the supply temperatures (Tms) and the average of the outlet temperatures (Tmo) rounded t… <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 21<\/td>\n | 11.2 Heating Capacity. For gas-fired, electric resistance, and oil-fired pool heaters, calculate the heating capacity by multiplying the rated input by the thermal efficiency rounded to the nearest 0.1%. 11.3 Standby Energy Consumption. From the electric and\/or fuel consumption measurements during the standby test (Section 9.2), calculate the energy consumption rate during standby (Ps) in kW (Btu\/h) as follows: <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 22<\/td>\n | 12. REFERENCE PROPERTIES 12.1 Thermodynamic Properties of Air. The thermodynamic properties of air-water vapor mixture shall be obtained from the ASHRAE Handbook\u2014Fundamentals 3. 12.2 Thermodynamic Properties of Water. The thermodynamic properties of water and steam shall be obtained from the ASHRAE Handbook\u2014Fundamentals. 13. REFERENCES <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 23<\/td>\n | INFORMATIVE APPENDIX A: CORRECTION FACTOR FOR HEATING VALUE OF FUEL GAS <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 24<\/td>\n | INFORMATIVE APPENDIX B: U.S. VALUES FOR TEST VARIABLES B1. Gas-Fired, Oil-Fired, and Electric Resistance Pool Heaters B2. Calculation of integrated thermal efficiency (TEI) for gas- and oil-fired pool heaters <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 26<\/td>\n | B3. Calculation of integrated thermal efficiency (TEI) for electric resistance and heat-pump pool heaters <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 27<\/td>\n | INFORMATIVE APPENDIX C: Informative References and BIBLIOGRAPHY <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" ASHRAE Standard 146-2020 — Methods of Test for Rating Pool Heaters (ANSI Approved)<\/b><\/p>\n |