{"id":224279,"date":"2024-10-19T14:34:18","date_gmt":"2024-10-19T14:34:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/product\/uncategorized\/bsi-pd-cen-tr-170052016\/"},"modified":"2024-10-25T08:19:23","modified_gmt":"2024-10-25T08:19:23","slug":"bsi-pd-cen-tr-170052016","status":"publish","type":"product","link":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/product\/publishers\/bsi\/bsi-pd-cen-tr-170052016\/","title":{"rendered":"BSI PD CEN\/TR 17005:2016"},"content":{"rendered":"

This Technical Report (TR) has been developed by CEN\/TC 350\/WG 1 and WG 3 to provide a clear and structured view on the relevance, robustness and applicability of a predefined set of additional impact categories and related indicators for the assessment of the environmental performance of construction works, construction products and building materials. The TR describes the evaluation criteria that are used to determine, for these impact categories, the suitability of indicators and calculation method(s) for inclusion in the standards EN 15978 and EN 15804 (or other CEN\/TC 350 standards as appropriate) in terms of their: a) relevance to: 1) the environment, 2) construction works, 3) construction products, and 4) EU policy; b) scientific robustness and certainty; and c) applicability of the impact assessment method(s). The additional impact categories examined in the TR are: – human toxicity and ecotoxicity; – particulate matter; – land use; – biodiversity; – water scarcity; and – ionizing radiation. Because EN 15978 and EN 15804 are founded on a life cycle approach, the impact categories, indicators and methods reviewed are predominantly based on their potential suitability for application in LCA. In relation to some of the areas of concern, however, where LCA methods might not be sufficiently robust or developed, some non-LCA based indicators and methods are also considered. Due to the scope of LCA used in the EN 15804 and EN 15978, impacts to users of buildings due to direct exposure to harmful emissions fall outside the scope of this TR. This falls under the scope of CEN\/TC 351. Important information related to this aspect found during the development of this TR, is however mentioned in the TR. Uncertainty is an important issue in LCA. General assessment of the uncertainty related to impact assessment models is considered in the evaluation framework of this TR. However, the TR does not lay down a maximum uncertainty level to be considered acceptable in the context of the CEN standards EN 15804 and EN 15978, nor does it provide exact figures on uncertainties. Annex A of the TR provides a description of options that may be considered for incorporating selected impact categories\/indicator in the standards EN 15978 and EN 15804. The TR recognizes and takes account of: – the work done by the European Commission, Joint Research Centre (EC-JRC), in the development of the International Reference Life Cycle Data System (ILCD) Handbook Recommendations, – other reports and scientific studies into the methods and application of the indicators reviewed, – findings of specific activities connected with this work such as of the CEN\/TC 350 Workshop, held in Brussels on 24-25 June 2014.<\/p>\n

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PDF Pages<\/th>\nPDF Title<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n
4<\/td>\n0BContents Page
Contents Page <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
7<\/td>\nEuropean foreword
Figure 1 \u2014 Domain of LCA ([14], p. 33) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
9<\/td>\nIntroduction <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
11<\/td>\n1 Scope <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
12<\/td>\n2 The need for additional impact categories
2.1 Environmental relevance <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
14<\/td>\nFigure 2 \u2014 Relevance of different impact categories on building level based on cradle-to-gate and cradle-to-grave assessment \u2013 impact assessment method = SuFiQuaD, based on [19] <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
15<\/td>\n2.2 Policy relevance <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
16<\/td>\n2.3 Conclusions
3 Evaluation criteria for additional environmental impact categories for CEN\/TC 350
3.1 Introduction
3.1.1 General <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
17<\/td>\n3.1.2 Criteria related to standardization
3.1.3 Criteria related to the LCIA models and indicators <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
18<\/td>\n3.2 Evaluation framework for additional environmental impact categories for CEN\/TC 350
3.2.1 General <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
19<\/td>\n3.2.2 Environmental relevance \u2013 Standardization (step 1)
3.2.3 Relevance for buildings (step 2a)
3.2.4 Relevance for construction products (step 2b)
3.2.5 Policy relevance (step 3)
3.2.6 Performance based (step 4a) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
20<\/td>\n3.2.7 Quantifiable (step 4b)
3.2.8 Scientific robustness and certainty (step 5) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
21<\/td>\n3.2.9 Applicability of the life cycle impact assessment method\/model (step 6) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
22<\/td>\n3.2.10 Stakeholder acceptance of the impact assessment model (step 7)
3.3 Compliance criteria of the ILCD handbook <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
23<\/td>\n3.4 Information sources regarding the additional impact categories
4 The evaluation of additional impact categories
4.1 General
4.2 Human toxicity: Cancer and non-cancer effects
4.2.1 Description
4.2.1.1 General <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
24<\/td>\n4.2.1.2 Mechanisms
Figure 4 \u2014 Cause-effect chain for human toxicity effects (including mechanisms for ionizing radiation and respiratory effects associated with particulate matter, see 4.4 and 4.5). [5]
4.2.1.3 Health impact <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
25<\/td>\nFigure 5 \u2014 Recommended framework for calculating characterization factors for human toxicity effects in LCA ([5], based on [27] and [28]) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
26<\/td>\nTable 1 \u2014 Factors causing the different performance of the characterization models [29] <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
27<\/td>\n4.2.2 Relevance of human toxicity (step 1+2+3)
4.2.2.1 Environmental relevance (relevance for human health) (step 1)
4.2.2.2 Relevance for buildings (step 2a) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
28<\/td>\n4.2.2.3 Relevance for construction products (step 2b) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
29<\/td>\nFigure 6 \u2014 Comparative damage to human health assessment of 8 impact categories, expressed in DALY in a log scale, adapted from Humbert (2014) [44] <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
30<\/td>\n4.2.2.4 Policy relevance (step 3) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
32<\/td>\n4.2.2.5 Conclusion from evaluation of the relevance criteria in relation to CEN\/TC 350 standards
4.2.3 List of available LCIA methods (step 4)
Table 2 \u2014 List of available LCIA models\/methods and effects each of the methods is covering, based on the ILCD Handbook (JRC, 2011) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
33<\/td>\n4.2.4 Scientific substantiation of available LCIA methods (step 5)
Table 3 \u2014 Overview of the evaluation of available LCIA methods\/models regarding human toxicity, adapted from the ILCD Handbook ([4] 2011) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
35<\/td>\n4.2.5 Applicability (step 6)
4.2.5.1 General <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
36<\/td>\n4.2.5.2 Applicability: Data availability (LCI quality, characterization factors) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
37<\/td>\n4.2.5.3 Applicability: Experience <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
38<\/td>\n4.2.5.4 Applicability: availability within widely used tools
4.2.6 Stakeholder acceptance (step 7) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
39<\/td>\n4.2.7 Conclusions on methodology
4.2.7.1 Strengths
Table 4 \u2014 Advances in the characterization modelling of metals in USEtox (\u201c-\u201c = not considered, \u201c\u2713\u201d = considered, \u201c%\u201d = partially considered, \u201c+\u201d = research needed \u201cn.a.\u201d = not applicable) [42] <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
40<\/td>\n4.2.7.2 Weaknesses <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
41<\/td>\n4.2.8 Overall conclusions on human toxicity
4.3 Ecotoxicity: Terrestrial, freshwater and marine
4.3.1 Description of impact category
4.3.1.1 General
4.3.1.2 Mechanisms <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
42<\/td>\nFigure 7 \u2014 Cause-effect chain for ecotoxicity effects [5]
4.3.1.3 Quality of ecosystems <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
43<\/td>\nFigure 8 \u2014 Recommended framework for calculating characterization factors for ecotoxicity effects in LCA ([5], based on [27] and [28])
Table 5 \u2014 Factors causing the different performance of the characterization models [29] <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
44<\/td>\n4.3.2 Relevance of ecotoxicity \u2013 standardization (step 1+2+3)
4.3.2.1 Environmental relevance (step 1)
4.3.2.2 Relevance for buildings (step 2a) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
45<\/td>\n4.3.2.3 Relevance for construction products (step 2b)
4.3.2.4 Policy relevance (step 3)
4.3.2.5 Conclusion from evaluation of the relevance criteria in relation to CEN\/TC 350 standards <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
46<\/td>\n4.3.3 List of available LCIA methods (step 4)
Table 6 \u2014 List of available LCIA models\/methods and effects each of the methods is covering, based on the ILCD Handbook [4] <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
47<\/td>\n4.3.4 Scientific substantiation of available LCIA methods (step 5)
Table 7 \u2014 Overview of the evaluation of available LCIA methods\/models regarding ecotoxicity, adapted from the ILCD Handbook [4] <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
49<\/td>\n4.3.5 Applicability (step 6)
4.3.5.1 General <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
52<\/td>\n4.3.5.2 Applicability: data availability (LCI quality, characterization factors)
4.3.5.3 Applicability: experience
4.3.5.4 Applicability: availability within widely used tools
4.3.6 Stakeholder acceptance (step 7)
4.3.7 Conclusions on methodology
4.3.7.1 Strengths <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
53<\/td>\nTable 8 \u2014 Advances in the characterization modelling of metals in USEtox (\u201c-\u201c = not considered, \u201c\u2713\u201d = considered, \u201c%\u201d = partially considered, \u201c+\u201d = research needed \u201cn.a.\u201d = not applicable) [42] <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
54<\/td>\n4.3.7.2 Weaknesses <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
55<\/td>\n4.3.8 Overall conclusions on ecotoxicity
4.4 Particulate matter formation
4.4.1 Description of impact category
4.4.1.1 General
4.4.1.2 Mechanisms <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
56<\/td>\nFigure 9 \u2014 Size of PM and accumulated mass or concentration [68] <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
57<\/td>\nFigure 10 \u2014 Particle sizes: scale and order of magnitude [69] <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
58<\/td>\n4.4.1.3 Health impact
Figure 11 \u2014 Emission-to-damage framework for particulate matter for assessing health effects as a depiction of Formula (1) [72] [73] <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
59<\/td>\nFigure 12 \u2014 Comparative damage to human health assessment of 8 impact categories, expressed in DALY in a log scale, adapted from Humbert (2014) 32F <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
60<\/td>\n4.4.2 Relevance of particulate matter formation (step 1+2+3)
4.4.2.1 Relevance for the environment\/human health (step 1)
Figure 13 \u2014 Damage due to PM as a share on end point category total human health assessed with three different methods [71] <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
61<\/td>\n4.4.2.2 Relevance for buildings (step 2a)
Table 9 \u2014 Top 5 classification of sub-sector or economic activity category in total national PM10 emissions in France [69] and The Netherlands [82] respectively for the year 2012
4.4.2.3 Relevance for construction products (step 2b) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
62<\/td>\nFigure 14 \u2014 UK PM10 emissions by source sector for 2008 ([86] p. 3)
4.4.2.4 Policy relevance (step 3) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
64<\/td>\nFigure 15 \u2014 Sector share for emissions primary PM2.5 and PM10 particulate matter. EEA aggregated and gap-filled air emission data set, based on 2013 officially reported national total and sectorial emissions to UNECE LRTAP Convention [81] <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
65<\/td>\nFigure 16 \u2014 Urban population exposure to air pollution by particulate matter, \u03bcg\/m3, 2012 [106] <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
67<\/td>\n4.4.2.5 Conclusion from evaluation of the relevance criteria in relation to CEN\/TC 350 standards
4.4.3 List of available LCIA methods (step 4)
Table 10 \u2014 List of available LCIA methods regarding PM, assessed within the ILCD Handbook [4] (Any text in italics in the table is additional to the description based on the ILCD Handbook.) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
70<\/td>\n4.4.4 Scientific substantiation of the available LCIA methods (step 5)
Table 11 \u2014 Overview of the evaluation of available LCIA methods regarding PM. (ILCD Handbook [4]) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
71<\/td>\nTable 12 \u2014 Updated evaluation of LCIA method Humbert [100], based on analysis of the drafting team in consultation with the JRC <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
72<\/td>\nTable 13 \u2014 Overview of the evaluation of LCIA method Notter and Althaus [71]
4.4.5 Applicability (step 6)
4.4.5.1 General <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
73<\/td>\n4.4.5.2 Applicability: data availability (LCI quality, characterization factors)
4.4.5.3 Applicability: Experience <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
74<\/td>\n4.4.5.4 Applicability: availability within widely used tools
4.4.6 Stakeholder acceptance (step 7)
4.4.7 Conclusions on methodology
4.4.7.1 Strengths
4.4.7.2 Weaknesses <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
75<\/td>\n4.4.7.3 LCIA method and indicator
4.4.8 Overall conclusions on particulate matter
4.5 Ionizing radiation: human health and ecosystem health
4.5.1 Description
4.5.1.1 General <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
76<\/td>\n4.5.1.2 Mechanisms <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
77<\/td>\n4.5.1.3 Health impact <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
78<\/td>\nFigure 17 \u2014 Overview of impact pathway stages of radioactive releases for human health (Frischknecht et al 2000 in EC-JRC 2011 [4]: p. 43)
4.5.1.4 Quality of ecosystems <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
79<\/td>\nFigure 18 \u2014 Overview of impact pathway on ecosystem for radioactive releases to freshwater. Plain lines refer to physical transfers of radioactive substances, whereas dotted lines correspond to exposures to radioactive radiation (EC-JRC 2011 [4]: p. 43)
4.5.2 Relevance of ionizing radiation (step 1+2+3)
4.5.2.1 Relevance for the environment\/human health + quality of ecosystems (step 1) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
80<\/td>\n4.5.2.2 Relevance for buildings (step 2a)
Figure 19 \u2014 LEFT: Average annual radiation exposure of a person in the UK (2.7 mSv overall) (Public Health England 2013), RIGHT: Proportion of the different sources of ionizing radiation dose in the load of the population in Flanders in 2006 (MIRA [130]) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
81<\/td>\nFigure 20 \u2014 Gross electricity production by fuel, EU-27, 2012 [133] <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
82<\/td>\nTable 14 \u2014 Regional normalized per-capita impact scores for 2011 (normalization within global electricity generation sector)a ([129]: Table S2)
Figure 21 \u2014 Environmental impact assessment of 1 MJ electricity, nuclear, at power plant, assessed with ReCiPe \u2013 end point (H,A) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
83<\/td>\n4.5.2.3 Relevance for construction products (step 2b) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
84<\/td>\nTable 15 \u2014 Typical and maximum activity concentrations in common building materials and industrial by-products used for building materials in the EU; typical concentrations are population-weighted national means of different Member States [134]
4.5.2.4 Policy relevance (step 3) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
85<\/td>\n4.5.2.5 Conclusion from evaluation of the relevance criteria in relation to CEN\/TC 350 standards
4.5.3 List of available LCIA methods (step 4) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
86<\/td>\n4.5.4 Scientific substantiation of the available LCIA methods (step 5)
Table 16 \u2014 Overview of the evaluation of available LCIA methods\/models regarding ionizing radiation: human health [4]
Table 17 \u2014 Overview of the evaluation of available LCIA methods\/models regarding ionizing radiation: ecosystem health [4]
4.5.5 Applicability (step 6)
4.5.5.1 General <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
87<\/td>\n4.5.5.2 Applicability: data availability (LCI, characterization factors)
4.5.5.3 Applicability: experience
4.5.5.4 Applicability: availability within widely used tools
4.5.6 Stakeholder acceptance (step 7) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
88<\/td>\n4.5.7 Conclusions on methodology
4.5.7.1 Strengths
4.5.7.2 Weaknesses
4.5.7.3 LCIA method and indicator
4.5.8 Overall conclusions on ionizing radiation <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
89<\/td>\n4.6 Land use: Occupation and transformation \/ Biodiversity
4.6.1 Description
4.6.1.1 General
4.6.1.2 Mechanisms <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
91<\/td>\nTable 18 \u2014 Functions of land, presented by Ant\u00f3n36F and adapted from Millennium Ecosystem Assessment37F <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
92<\/td>\n4.6.1.3 Cause-effect pathways <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
93<\/td>\nFigure 22 \u2014 Cause-effect chain for land use impacts on biodiversity and ecosystem services ([147], pp. 1194)
4.6.2 Relevance of land use (step 1+2+3)
4.6.2.1 Relevance for the environment (step 1) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
94<\/td>\n4.6.2.2 Relevance for buildings (step 2a) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
95<\/td>\nFigure 23 \u2014 Schematic representation of in situ and embodied land use <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
96<\/td>\nFigure 24 \u2014 Residential, economic and infrastructure-related areas as share of land use, by NUTS 2 regions, 2009 (http:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/eurostat\/statistics-explained\/index.php\/File:Residential,_economic_and_infrastructure-related_areas_as_share_of_land_… <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
97<\/td>\nFigure 25 \u2014 Sector share of converted land in total land use change (%), 2000-2006, EU-27, EFTA, Candidate and Potential Candidate Countries (http:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/eurostat\/statistics-explained\/index.php\/Agri-environmental_indicator_-_land_use_change) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
100<\/td>\nFigure 26 \u2014 Aggregated environmental profiles (differentiating between CEN and CEN+ impact categories) for several technical solutions for the building element ‘floor on solid ground’, expressed in monetary units (based on [137]: p. 60) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
101<\/td>\nFigure 27 \u2014 Aggregated environmental profiles (differentiating between CEN and CEN+ impact categories) for several technical solutions for the building element ‘exterior wall’, expressed in monetary units (based on [137]: p. 70)
4.6.2.3 Relevance for construction products (step 2b) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
102<\/td>\n4.6.2.4 Policy relevance (step 3) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
104<\/td>\n4.6.2.5 Conclusion from evaluation of the relevance criteria in relation to CEN\/TC 350 standards <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
105<\/td>\n4.6.3 List of available LCIA methods (step 4)
Table 19 \u2014 List of available LCIA models\/methods and effects each of the methods covers, based on the ILCD Handbook [4] <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
106<\/td>\nFigure 28 \u2014 Flow diagram of the cause-effect chain of land use with indication of the scope of the available impact assessment models from Table 23 ([4]: p. 88)
4.6.4 Scientific substantiation of the available LCIA methods (step 5) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
107<\/td>\nTable 20 \u2014 Overview of the evaluation of available LCIA methods\/models regarding land use [4] <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
108<\/td>\nTable 21 \u2014 Overview of the assessment by Ant\u00f3n on the pieces soil organic matter and soil loss for the impact category land use, based on the presentation given by Ant\u00f3n <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
110<\/td>\n4.6.5 Applicability (step 6)
4.6.5.1 General <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
111<\/td>\n4.6.5.2 Applicability: Data availability (LCI quality, characterization factors) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
112<\/td>\n4.6.5.3 Applicability: Experience <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
113<\/td>\n4.6.5.4 Applicability: availability within widely used tools
4.6.6 Stakeholder acceptance (step 7)
4.6.7 Conclusions on methodology
4.6.7.1 Strengths <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
114<\/td>\n4.6.7.2 Weaknesses
4.6.8 Overall conclusions on land use <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
115<\/td>\n4.7 Water scarcity
4.7.1 Description
4.7.1.1 General <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
116<\/td>\n4.7.1.2 Mechanisms <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
117<\/td>\nFigure 29 \u2014 The water cycle [168] <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
118<\/td>\nFigure 30 \u2014 Water volumes in the hydrosphere ([111] based on [120])
Figure 31 \u2014 Fresh (blue) water availability in the World in 1995 [154] <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
119<\/td>\nFigure 32 \u2014 Water Withdrawals in the World in 1995 [154] <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
120<\/td>\nFigure 33 \u2014 Withdrawal-to-availability Ratio in the World in 1995 [154]
4.7.1.3 Human health <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
121<\/td>\nFigure 34 \u2014 Cause\u2013effect chains leading from the inventory to the areas of protection of human health, ecosystem quality, and resources ([161], adapted from Bayart et al. 2010)
4.7.1.4 Quality of ecosystems <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
122<\/td>\n4.7.1.5 Depletion of resources
4.7.2 Relevance of water scarcity (step 1+2+3)
4.7.2.1 Relevance for the environment (step 1)
4.7.2.2 Relevance for buildings (step 2a) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
123<\/td>\n4.7.2.3 Relevance for construction products (step 2b)
4.7.2.4 Policy relevance (step 3)
4.7.2.5 Conclusion from evaluation of the relevance criteria in relation to TC350 standards <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
124<\/td>\n4.7.3 List of available LCIA methods (step 4) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
125<\/td>\nFigure 35 \u2014 Scope of and relationship between the available freshwater use inventory and impact assessment methods with classification for the three areas of protection [161] <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
126<\/td>\nFigure 36 \u2014 Chosen impact pathways for WULCA\u2019s consensus building work [155]
4.7.4 Scientific substantiation of the available LCIA methods (step 5) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
127<\/td>\nTable 22 \u2014 Overview of the evaluation of available LCIA methods\/models regarding water scarcity [4]
Table 23 \u2014 Overview of the evaluation of available LCIA midpoint methods\/models regarding water scarcity, based on the supplementary information provided in the paper of Kounina et al. [161] and based on own evaluation, after consultation with the EC-… <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
128<\/td>\n4.7.5 Applicability (step 6)
4.7.5.1 General <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
129<\/td>\n4.7.5.2 Applicability: data availability (LCI quality, characterization factors)
4.7.5.3 Applicability: Experience
4.7.5.4 Applicability: availability within widely used tools <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
130<\/td>\n4.7.6 Stakeholder acceptance (step 7)
4.7.7 Conclusions on methodology
4.7.7.1 Strengths
4.7.7.2 Weaknesses
4.7.7.3 LCIA method and indicator <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
131<\/td>\n4.7.8 Overall conclusions on water scarcity
5 Overview of intermediate non-LCA indicators
5.1 General
5.2 Land use\/biodiversity assessed in BREEAM
5.2.1 General <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
132<\/td>\nFigure 37 \u2014 Assessment categories used in BREEAM NC (New Construction) 2014 <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
133<\/td>\nFigure 38 \u2014 Whole life assessment of buildings using BREEAM schemes (UK and international)
5.2.2 Land Use and Biodiversity <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
135<\/td>\n5.3 DGNB51F
5.3.1 General <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
136<\/td>\n5.3.2 Land Use and Biodiversity <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
137<\/td>\n5.4 HQE52F <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
139<\/td>\nAnnex A (informative) Possibilities for uptake in standardization process
A.1 Introduction
A.2 Structure of the table <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
141<\/td>\nTable A.1 \u2014 Options for uptake of additional impact categories and indicators in standardization <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
145<\/td>\nAnnex B (informative) Recommended methods for life cycle impact assessment within ILCD Handbook
Table B.1 \u2014 Recommended methods and their classification at midpoint level, according to JRC (2011) [4] <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
146<\/td>\nTable B.2 \u2014 Recommended methods and their classification at end point level, according to JRC (2011) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
148<\/td>\nAnnex C (informative) Life cycle impact assessment within the ILCD Handbook <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
150<\/td>\nAnnex D (informative) General criteria and sub-criteria for the analysis of characterization models within ILCD Handbook
Table D.1 \u2014 General criteria and sub-criteria for the analysis of characterization models, from JRC (2010) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
153<\/td>\nAnnex E (informative) Description of the general literature sources consulted <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
154<\/td>\nAnnex F (informative) Illustration of land use types in LCIA methods <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
157<\/td>\nBibliography <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Sustainability of construction works. Additional environmental impact categories and indicators. Background information and possibilities. Evaluation of the possibility of adding environmental impact categories and related indicators and calculation methods for the assessment of the environmental performance of buildings<\/b><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
Published By<\/td>\nPublication Date<\/td>\nNumber of Pages<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
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